Dihyah al-Kalbi

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For the 13th-century Moorish Islamic scholar, see Ibn Dihya al-Kalby.
Sahabi

Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi
دِحْيَة ٱبْن خَلِيفَة ٱلْكَلْبِيّ
Gori Mori 124.jpg
Maqam of Dihya al-Kalbi
Bornc. 7th century

Dihyah al-Kalbi (Arabic: دِحْيَة ٱلْكَلْبِيّ, Diḥyah al-Kalbīy), sometimes spelled Dahyah, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is well-known for sending Muhammad's invitation message to the Roman Emperor Heraclius.[1] Dihyah belonged to the tribe of Banu Kalb and was the paternal ancestor of Moorish scholar Ibn Dihya al-Kalby.

Life[]

Message to Heraclius[]

According to Islamic reports, Muhammad dispatched Dihyah al-Kalbi to carry the epistle to "Caesar" through the government of Bosra after the Byzantine defeat of the Persians and reconquest of Jerusalem.[2][3][4] Islamic sources say that after the letter was read to him, he was so impressed by it that he gifted the messenger of the epistle with robes and coinage.[5] Alternatively, he also put it on his lap. Later reportedly he wrote to a certain religious official in Rome to confirm if Muhammad's claim of prophethood was legitimate, and, after receiving the reply to his letter, called the Roman assembly saying, "If you desire salvation and the orthodox way so that your empire remain firmly established, then follow this prophet," to the rejection of the council.[5][6] Heraclius eventually decided against conversion but the envoy was returned to Medina with the felicitations of the emperor.[7]

Jibril and Dihyah[]

According to Muhammad's wife Aisha, he saw Jibril twice “in the form that he was created” and on other occasions as a man resembling Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi, an extraordinarily handsome disciple of Muhammad.

Two similar narrations have been recorded through Abu Uthman in Sahih al-Bukhari that reports an incident witnessed by Muhammad's wife Umm Salama:

A hadith attributed to reports:[8]

I was informed that Gabriel came to the Prophet (S.A.W.) while Um Salama was with him. Gabriel started talking (to the Prophet). Then the Prophet asked Um Salama, "Who is this?" She replied, "He is Dihya (al-Kalbi)." When Gabriel had left, Um Salama said, "By Allah, I did not take him for anybody other than him (i.e. Dihya) till I heard the sermon of the Prophet wherein he informed about the news of Gabriel." The subnarrator asked Abu 'Uthman: From whom have you heard that? Abu 'Uthman said: From Usama bin Zaid


A hadith attributed to reports:[9]

I got the news that Gabriel came to the Prophet while Um Salama was present. Gabriel started talking to the Prophet and then left. The Prophet said to Um Salama, "(Do you know) who it was?" (or a similar question). She said, "It was Dihya (a handsome person amongst the companions of the Prophet )." Later on Um Salama said, "By Allah! I thought he was none but Dihya, till I heard the Prophet talking about Gabriel in his sermon." (The Sub-narrator asked Abu 'Uthman, "From where have you heard this narration?" He replied, "From Usama bin Zaid.")


Expedition of Zaid ibn Harithah[]

Main article: List of battles of Muhammad

He was attacked during the Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Hisma) Dihya approached the Banu Dubayb (a tribe which converted to Islam and had good relations with Muslims) for help. When the news reached Muhammad, he immediately dispatched Zayd ibn Harithah with 500 men to punish them. The Muslim army fought with Banu Judham, killed several of them (inflicting heavy casualties), including their chief, Al-Hunayd ibn Arid and his son, and captured 1000 camels, 5000 of their cattle and a 100 women and boys. The chief of the Banu Judham who had embraced Islam appealed to Muhammad to release his fellow tribesmen, and Muhammad released them.[10][11]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Chapter 42: The Events of the Seventh Year of Migration
  2. ^ "Mishkat al-Masabih 3926 - Jihad - كتاب الجهاد". sunnah.com. Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم). Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Sahih al-Bukhari 2940, 2941 - Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihaad) - كتاب الجهاد والسير". sunnah.com. Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم). Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  4. ^ "The Events of the Seventh Year of Migration - The Message". www.al-islam.org. Al-Islam.org. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  5. ^ a b Mubarakpuri, Safi ar-Rahman (2002). When the Moon Split (A Biography of Prophet Muhammad). Darussalam Publications. ISBN 978-603-500-060-4.
  6. ^ "Sahih al-Bukhari 7 - Revelation - كتاب بدء الوحى". sunnah.com. Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم). Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  7. ^ Mubârakpûrî, Safî-ur-Rahmân (2002). Sealed Nectar : Biography of the Noble Prophet. Medina, Saudi Arabia: Dar-Us-Salam Publications. ISBN 978-1-59144-071-0.
  8. ^ USC "Religious Texts" Archived 2011-08-23 at the Wayback Machine, Sahih al-Bukhari, Retrieved on 2009-4-11.
  9. ^ USC "Religious Texts" Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, Sahih al-Bukhari, Retrieved on 2009-4-11.
  10. ^ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 226, ISBN 9798694145923 (online)
  11. ^ Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-19-577307-1. Dihyah b. Khalifah al-Kalbi, who had gone to Syria on an errand for Muhammad, was returning to Medina with gifts, when he was robbed by a man of Judham called al-Hunayd. Another clan of Judham, however, or some men from anothertribe, forced al-Hunayd to give the things back. Meanwhile a leader of Judham, Rifa'ah b. Zayd, had been in Medina, had brought back to the tribe Muhammad's terms for an alliance, and the tribe had accepted. Muhammad had not been informed of this decision, however, and sent out Zayd b. Harithah to avenge the insult to his messenger. There was a skirmish in which the Muslims killed al-Hunayd and captured a number of women and animals. (free online)
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