Doryctinae
| Doryctinae | |
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| Female doryctine ovipositing on beetle larvae inside wood | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Family: | Braconidae
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| Subfamily: | Doryctinae
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| Genera | |
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Numerous (almost 180), see text | |
The Doryctinae or doryctine wasps are a large subfamily of braconid parasitic wasps (Braconidae). Numerous genera and species formerly unknown to science are being described every year. This subfamily is presumably part of a clade containing otherwise any or all of the Alysiinae, Braconinae, , Opiinae and , and might be most closely related to the last one of these. Whether the Rogadinae are also part of this group is not known.
Description and distribution[]
Doryctine wasps are found across almost the entire size range of Braconidae, from 1 to 25 mm. In the small species the head tends to be relatively large and the body, while slender, remarkably elongated. Doryctines tend to be small-winged, with many having very much reduced wings. Numerous species in this family are unable to fly or even lack wings entirely. They have a characteristic row of stout spines running lengthwise along the foreleg tibia, and a cyclostome depression above the mandibles.[1]
Doryctinae have a worldwide distribution (except the polar regions).[1]
Biology[]
Some Doryctinae are known to form galls on plants similar to the Mesostoinae (a small subfamily endemic to Australia).[2] Some species in the genus feed on seeds.[3] The large majority of doryctines are idobiont ectoparasitoids of the larvae of wood-boring beetles – such as jewel beetles (Buprestidae). Some species parasitize lepidopteran or symphytan larvae. The host is paralyzed by venom injected through the female's ovipositor before an egg is laid.[3] The spines present on the foreleg of the adult enable it to escape from the narrow wooden tunnels of the hosts.
Biological control[]
Doryctines have been used to control pests in Europe, Australia, and North America. Several doryctine wasps are of economic importance as biocontrol agents in Australia against eucalyptus pests.[1] The species Spathius agrili has been introduced to the United States from China in an effort to control the Emerald ash borer.[4]
Selected genera[]
Genera placed in the Doryctinae include:
- Turner, 1918
- Marsh, 1993
- Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000
- Nixon, 1938
- Gahan, 1912
- Barbalho & Penteado-Dias, 1999
- Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000
- Marsh, 1965
- Belokobylskij, 2001
- Belokobylskij & Konishi, 2001
- Belokobylskij, Tang, & Chen, 2013
- Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004
- Marsh, 2002
- Brullé, 1846
- Zaldívar-Riverón & Rodríguez-Jiménez, 2013
- Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000
- Szépligeti, 1908
- Foerster, 1862
- Foerster, 1862
- Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000
- Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000
- Marsh, 1993
- Wesmael, 1838
- Telenga, 1941
- Haliday, 1836
- Roman, 1910 (synonym: Acrophasmus)
- Nunes, et al., 2012
- Enderlein, 1912
- Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004
- Ashmead, 1900
- Foerster, 1862
- Tobias, 1962
- Westwood, 1882
- Szépligeti, 1901
- Hedqvist, 1974
- Ashmead, 1900
- Curtis, 1834
- Cameron, 1903
- Heerz Marsh, 1993
- Belokobylskij, 1993 (= Atopodoryctes)
- Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000
- Heterospilus Haliday, 1836
- Kokujev, 1900
- Barbalho & Penteado-Dias, 2000
- Granger, 1949
- Ivondrovia Shenefelt & Marsh, 1976
- Marsh & Austin, 1994
- Marsh, 1993
- Belokobylskij, Ceccarelli, Zaldívar-Riverón, 2012
- Cameron, 1887
- Szépligeti, 1902
- Gomes & Penteado-Dias, 2006
- Szépligeti, 1901
- Szépligeti, 1906
- Lissopsius Marsh, 2002
- Schulz, 1906
- Brues, 1922
- Belokobylskij, Samaca-Sáenz, & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2015
- Zaldívar-Riverón & Rodríguez-Jiménez, 2013
- Szépligeti, 1904
- Foerster, 1862
- Fischer, 1981
- Belokobylskij, 2006
- Šnoflák, 1945
- Belokobylskij, 2001
- Cameron, 1900
- Seltmann & Sharkey, 2007
- Ashmead, 1900
- Marsh, 1993
- Viereck, 1911
- Kieffer & Jörgensen, 1910
- Viereck, 1911
- Foerster, 1862
- Reinhard, 1885
- van Achterberg, 2009
- Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004
- Belokobylskij, 2011
- Ruthe, 1854
- Marshall, 1897
- Belokobylskij, 2008
- Szépligeti, 1904
- Martinez, Lazaro, Pedraza-Lara, & Zaldivar-Riveron, 2016
- Belokobylskij & Konishi, 2001
- Tobias, 1976
- Belokobylskij, 1993
- Spathius Nees, 1818
- Marsh, 1968
- Belokobylskij, 1992
- Brullé, 1846
- Belokobylskij & Quicke, 2000
- Enderlein, 1912
- Gadelha, Nunes, & de Oliveira, 2016
- Gadelha, Nunes, Zaldivar-Riveron, & de Oliveira, 2016
- Szépligeti, 1900
- Marsh, 1997
- Marshall, 1897
References[]
- ^ a b c Stevens et al. (2008)
- ^ Samacá-Sáenz, Ernesto; Meza-Lázaro, Rubi N.; Branstetter, Michael G.; Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2019-11-17). "Phylogenomics and mitochondrial genome evolution of the gall-associated doryctine wasp genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Systematics and Biodiversity. 17 (8): 731–744. doi:10.1080/14772000.2019.1685608. ISSN 1477-2000. S2CID 213816441.
- ^ a b Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (1997). Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) (PDF). Washington DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists. p. 69.
- ^ Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah, "Biological Control of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)" (PDF), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), United States Department of Agriculture, retrieved 28 April 2011
External links[]
- Braconidae
- Apocrita subfamilies