Dove (Picasso)

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Dove lithograph
Dove lithograph by Picasso.jpg
ArtistPablo Picasso
Year1949
MediumLithograph
Dimensions56.7 cm × 76 cm (22.3 in × 30 in)
LocationTate Gallery

Dove (French: La Colombe) is a lithograph on paper created by Pablo Picasso in 1949. The lithograph displays a white dove on a black background, which is widely considered to be a symbol of peace. The image was used to illustrate a poster at the 1949 Paris Peace Congress and also became an iconographic image of the period, known as "The dove of peace". It is housed in the collection of the Tate Gallery.

Background[]

Until the Spanish Civil War, Picasso had been predominantly apolitical. His art dealer Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler stated that he had been the "most apolitical man" he had ever known.[1] However, the Spanish Civil War had a profound effect on Picasso's outlook, causing him to become more concerned with politics, which eventually led to his painting of Guernica in 1937. After painting this masterpiece, Picasso became a symbol of anti-fascism. By the end of World War II, Picasso had joined the Communist Party, motivated by humanitarian concerns. For Picasso, Communism offered a different path that rejected the fascism of the Second World War and the Spanish Civil War. However, this affiliation caused a certain amount of controversy.[2] Between 1948 and 1951, he attended several World Peace Congresses. When Picasso was asked to speak at the 1950 Peace Congress in Sheffield, he said, "I stand for life against death; I stand for peace against war."[3]

Description[]

On 9 January 1949, Picasso created Dove, a black and white lithograph, which he produced in the studio of the printmaker, Fernand Mourlot in Paris. It was published by Galerie Louise Leiris in an edition of five artist’s proofs and fifty prints on white Arches wove paper. Dove was number nine in the edition.[4] The image of the white dove is simple, yet striking, and was created using lithographic ink wash.[1]

The printmaker, Fernand Mourlot, described the work as, "one of the most beautiful lithographs ever achieved; the soft tones attained in the feathers... are absolutely remarkable. This plate... conveys the maximum that can be obtained with lithographic ink used as wash."[5]

The dove illustrated in the lithograph was actually a Milanese pigeon, which had been a gift to Picasso from his friend and fellow artist, Henri Matisse.[2]

Picasso's Dove lithograph was used to illustrate the poster of the 1949 Paris Peace Congress. It was chosen by the poet Louis Aragon, a supporter of the French Communist Party, who visited Picasso’s studio. Dove became a symbol of peace and also of world Communism. The day before the opening of the Peace Congress on 20 April 1949, Picasso’s partner, Françoise Gilot gave birth to his fourth child, who was named Paloma, the Spanish word for dove.[1]

Significance and legacy[]

Picasso's lithograph on a Russian stamp from 1981

Picasso's image of the dove became a phenomenon around the world. Between 1949 and the artist's death, he created numerous works, including posters, prints and drawings, which depicted the Dove of Peace. Variations of the image were used for Peace Congresses in Wroclaw, Stockholm, Sheffield, Vienna, Rome and Moscow. Images were distributed around the world by the Peace Movement, creating new momentum for the artist's reputation.[6]

For Picasso, the dove was both an important political symbol and a personal one. It was a reminder of his father, José Ruiz y Blasco, who was also a painter and had taught Picasso his early skills as an artist. He had drawn doves in Picasso's childhood home in Málaga in the 1880s. Later in life, when Picasso moved to Cannes in the South of France in 1955, he built a dovecote, allowing him to observe and depict the resident doves.[2] In 1957, Picasso painted Studio (Pigeons. Velazquez), depicting an open window surrounded by doves. This was one of several paintings he created in the style of Matisse, as a homage to his friend and his doves.[7]

Christoph Grunenberg, Director of Tate Liverpool, said of an exhibition of Picasso's work in 2010, "This shows a very different Picasso, Picasso as a peace campaigner, Picasso as a Communist Party member, someone who was truly committed to bringing East and West during the Cold War together."[8]

See also[]

External links[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c "Dove 1949". Tate. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Cole, Ina (May 2010). "Pablo Picasso: The Development of a Peace Symbol". Art Times. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  3. ^ Penrose, Roland (1973). Picasso 1881/1973. London. pp. 197–209.
  4. ^ "The Dove (La Colombe) Picasso 1949". MOMA. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  5. ^ Mourlot, Fernand (1970). Picasso lithographe. Paris. p. 123.
  6. ^ "Picasso: Peace and Freedom: Room 3: The Dove of Peace". Tate. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  7. ^ Lewis, Richard (9 March 2014). "The Dove: Picasso and Matisse". Lewis Art Cafe. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  8. ^ "Tate focus on Picasso's Cold War". BBC News. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
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