The EAR 31 class was a class of oil-burning 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge 2-8-4steam locomotives. The 46 members of the class were built in 1955 by Vulcan Foundry, in Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire (now part of Merseyside), England, for the East African Railways (EAR). They were a lighter, branch-line version of the EAR 30 class, and worked from various sheds throughout the EAR system.[3][4]
Durrant, A E; Lewis, C P; Jorgensen, A A (1981). Steam in Africa. London: Hamlyn. ISBN0600349462.
Patience, Kevin (1976). Steam in East Africa: a pictorial history of the railways in East Africa, 1893-1976. Nairobi: Heinemann Educational Books (E.A.) Ltd. OCLC3781370.
Ramaer, Roel (1974). Steam Locomotives of the East African Railways. David & Charles Locomotive Studies. Newton Abbot, Devon, UK; North Pomfret, Vt, USA: David & Charles. ISBN0715364375.
Ramaer, Roel (2009). Gari la Moshi: Steam Locomotives of the East African Railways. Malmö, Sweden: Stenvalls. ISBN9789172661721.
Staff writer (October 1955). ""31" Class Locomotives". East African Railways and Harbours Magazine. East African Railways and Harbours. 2 (5): 164. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
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Locomotives of the East African Railways (EAR) and its predecessors and successors