ESP32

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ESP32
Espressif ESP-WROOM-32 Wi-Fi & Bluetooth Module.jpg
ESP-WROOM-32 module with ESP32‑D0WDQ6 chip
ManufacturerEspressif Systems
TypeMicrocontroller
Release dateSeptember 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)[1]
CPUTensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor @ 160 or 240 MHz
Memory320 KiB SRAM
Power3.3 V DC
PredecessorESP8266

ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs either a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor in both dual-core and single-core variations, Xtensa LX7 dual-core microprocessor or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor and includes built-in antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and developed by , a Shanghai-based Chinese company, and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process.[2] It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

Features[]

ESP32 function block diagram.

Features of the ESP32 include the following:[3]

  • Processors:
    • CPU: Xtensa dual-core (or single-core) 32-bit LX6 microprocessor, operating at 160 or 240 MHz and performing at up to 600 DMIPS
    • Ultra low power (ULP) co-processor
  • Memory: 320 KiB RAM, 448 KiB ROM
  • Wireless connectivity:
    • Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n
    • Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE (shares the radio with Wi-Fi)
  • Peripheral interfaces:
  • Security:
    • IEEE 802.11 standard security features all supported, including WPA, WPA2, WPA3 (depending on version)[5] and WAPI
    • Secure boot
    • Flash encryption
    • 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers
    • Cryptographic hardware acceleration: AES, SHA-2, RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), random number generator (RNG)
  • Power management:
    • Internal low-dropout regulator
    • Individual power domain for RTC
    • 5 μA deep sleep current
    • Wake up from GPIO interrupt, timer, ADC measurements, capacitive touch sensor interrupt

ESP32-xx family[]

Since the release of the original ESP32, a number of variants have been introduced and announced. They form the ESP32 family of microcontrollers. These chips have different CPUs and capabilities, but all share the same SDK and are largely code-compatible. Additionally, the original ESP32 was revised (see ESP32 ECO V3, for example).

ESP32-S2[]

  • Single-core Xtensa LX7 CPU, up to 240 MHz[6]
  • 320 kiB SRAM, 128 kiB ROM, and 16 kiB of RTC memory
  • WiFi 2.4 Ghz (IEEE 802.11b/g/n)[7]
  • No Bluetooth
  • 43 programmable GPIOs[8]
  • USB OTG

ESP32-C3[]

NodeMCU board with an ESP32-C3-32S

ESP32-S3[]

  • Dual-core Xtensa LX7 CPU, up to 240 MHz[11]
    • Added instructions to accelerate machine learning applications
  • 384 kiB of RAM and an additional 384 KiB of SRAM
  • WiFi 2.4 Ghz (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n)[12]
  • Bluetooth 5 LE
  • 44 programmable GPIOs
  • USB OTG

Announced[]

ESP32-C6[]

  • Single-core 32-bit RISC-V CPU, up to 160 MHz[13]
  • 400 kiB of SRAM and 384 kiB ROM
  • IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) on 2.4 GHz, supporting 20 MHz bandwidth in 11ax mode, 20 or 40 MHz bandwidth in 11b/g/n mode
  • Bluetooth 5 and LE
  • 22 programmable GPIOs

ESP32-H2[]

QFN packaged chip and module[]

ESP32 is housed in quad-flat no-leads (QFN) packages of varying sizes with 49 pads. Specifically, 48 connection pads along the sides and one large thermal pad (connected to ground) on the bottom.

Chips[]

The ESP32 system on a chip integrated circuit is packaged in both 6 mm × 6 mm and 5 mm × 5 mm sized QFN packages.

Identifier Processor
cores 		Embedded flash
memory (MiB) 		Package
size 		Description
ESP31B 2 0 6 mm×6 mm Pre-release SoC used for beta testing; no longer available.
ESP32-D0WDQ6 2 0 Initial production release chip of the ESP32 series.
ESP32-D0WD 2 0 5 mm×5 mm Smaller physical package variation similar to ESP32-D0WDQ6.
ESP32‑D2WD 2 2 2 MiB (16 Mibit) embedded flash memory variation.
ESP32-U4WDH 1 4 Single-core processor and 4 MiB (32 Mibit) embedded flash memory variation.
ESP32‑S0WD 1 0 Single-core processor variation.

In 2020, chips ESP32-D0WDQ6 and ESP32-D0WD also got a V3 version (ESP32 ECO V3), which fixes some of the bugs and introduces improvements over the previous versions.

Module[]

The ESP32-PICO-D4 system in package module combines an ESP32 silicon chip, crystal oscillator, flash memory chip, filter capacitors, and RF matching links into a single 7 mm × 7 mm sized QFN package.

Identifier Processor
cores 		Embedded flash
memory (MiB) 		Package
size 		Description
ESP32-PICO-D4 2 4 7 mm×7 mm Includes ESP32 chip, crystal oscillator, flash memory, filter capacitors, and RF matching links.[15]

In 2020, a similar module ESP32-PICO-V3 was introduced which is based on the ESP32 ECO V3.[16]

Printed circuit boards[]

Surface-mount module boards[]

ESP32 based surface-mount printed circuit board modules directly contain the ESP32 SoC and are designed to be easily integrated onto other circuit boards. Meandered inverted-F antenna designs are used for the PCB trace antennas on the modules listed below. In addition to flash memory, some modules include pseudostatic RAM (pSRAM).

Vendor Name Antenna Flash memory (MiB) pSRAM (MiB) Description
Espressif ESP-WROOM-03 PCB trace 4 0 Discontinued. Limited distribution, pre-production module created by Espressif for beta testing purposes; this module used the ESP31B, the beta testing chip for the ESP32 series.[17][18][19][20][21] FCC Part 15.247 tested (FCC ID: 2AC7Z-ESP32).[22]
ESP32-WROOM-32 PCB trace 4 0 First publicly available ESP32 module board created by Espressif.[23] FCC Part 15.247 tested (FCC ID: 2AC7Z-ESPWROOM32).[24] Based on ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. Originally named "ESP-WROOM-32".
ESP32-WROOM-32D PCB trace 4 0 Revision of the ESP-WROOM-32 module which uses an ESP32-D0WD chip instead of an ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip.[25] Originally named "ESP-WROOM-32D".
ESP32-SOLO-1 PCB trace 4 0 Similar to the ESP32-WROOM-32D module, but uses the single-core ESP32-S0WD chip instead of the dual-core ESP32-D0WD.
ESP32-WROOM-32U U.FL socket 4 0 Alternative to the ESP-WROOM-32D module which has a U.FL connector for external antenna in lieu of a PCB trace antenna.[25]
ESP32-WROVER PCB trace 4 4 ESP32 module board with 4 MiB pSRAM created by Espressif. FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVER). Uses 40 MHz crystal oscillator. Does not include U.FL connector. Based on ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. Since June 2018, new modules have been upgraded to 8 MiB pSRAM.
ESP32-WROVER-I U.FL socket, PCB trace 4 4 Variation of ESP32-WROVER module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-WROVER-B PCB trace 4 8 Revision of ESP32-WROVER module with 8 MiB pSRAM (instead of 4 MiB pSRAM) operating at 3.3V (instead of 1.8V in previous versions) and ESP32-D0WD (instead of ESP32-D0WDQ6). FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVERB). Does not include U.FL connector. (Custom order option for flash capacity of 8 MiB or 16 MiB also available.)
ESP32-WROVER-IB U.FL socket, PCB trace 4 8 Variation of ESP32-WROVER-B module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-PICO-V3-ZERO PCB trace 4 0 Based on ESP32-PICO-V3 SiP. It is designed as a module for Alexa Connect Kit (ACK) and connecting with Amazon Alexa.
Ai-Thinker ESP32-S PCB trace 4 0 Ai-Thinker's equivalent to Espressif's ESP-WROOM-32 module. (Same form factor and general specifications.)[26] Previously branded as "ESP-32S" with the hyphen before "32S", the initial release of the ESP-32S module replaced the previously announced, but never released, ESP3212 module.
ESP32-A1S U.FL socket, PCB trace 8 4 Contains an extra AC101 audio codec IC whose IO-pins (line, mic, etc.) are led to the board pins. Comes separately or soldered onto a corresponding audio development board ("ESP32-Audio-Kit").[27][28][29]
AnalogLamb ESP-32S-ALB PCB trace 4 0 Clone of the ESP-32S module (ESP-WROOM-32 compatible footprint). Seen with a green solder mask coating.[30]
ALB-WROOM PCB trace 16 0 Variation of ESP-32S-ALB with 16 MiB of flash memory.[30]
ALB32-WROVER PCB trace 4 4 ESP32 module board with 4 MiB pSRAM with the same footprint as the ESP-WROOM-32 module.[31]
DFRobot ESP-WROOM-32 PCB trace 4 0 Module board similar to Espressif Systems's ESP-WROOM-32, but is not FCC certified, and uses 26 MHz or 32 kHz crystal oscillator.[32]
eBox & Widora ESP32-Bit Ceramic, U.FL socket 4 0 Module has a ceramic antenna and an U.FL antenna connector. This module has a different footprint than the ESP-WROOM-32/ESP-32S modules.
Goouuu Tech ESP-32F PCB trace 4 0 Module board similar to Espressif Systems's ESP-WROOM-32. FCC certified (ID 2AM77-ESP-32F).
IntoRobot W32 PCB trace 4 0 Module similar in appearance to Espressif's ESP-WROOM-32, but footprint pinout differs.[33]
W33 Ceramic, U.FL socket 4 0 Differs from IntoRobot W32 module in its antenna configuration.
ITEAD PSH-C32 PCB trace 1[34] 0 Module has unusually small flash memory on board. Also, footprint is unique and differs from all other ESP32 modules.[35]
Pycom[36] W01 (Not included.) 8 4 OEM module version of the WiPy 2.0. Supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. FCC ID 2AJMTWIPY01R.
L01 (Not included.) 8 4 OEM module version of the LoPy. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and LoRa. FCC ID 2AJMTLOPY01R.
L04 (Not included.) 8 4 OEM module version of the LoPy4. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, and Sigfox.
S01 (Not included.) 8 4 Discontinued. OEM module version of the SiPy. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Sigfox (14 dBm and 22 dBm).
G01 (Not included.) 8 4 OEM module version of the GPy. Supports Cellular LTE-CAT M1/NB1, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
u-blox NINA-W131 (Not included.) 2 0 Belongs to the u-blox NINA-W13 series of Wi-Fi modules.[37]
NINA-W132 PIFA 2 0 Belongs to the u-blox NINA-W13 series of Wi-Fi modules.[37] On board planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is shaped (cut & bent) metal, not a PCB trace.

Development and other boards[]

SparkFun Thing Plus - ESP32 WROOM

Development & break-out boards extend wiring and may add functionality, often building upon ESP32 module boards and making them easier to use for development purposes (especially with breadboards).

Vendor Name Surface-mount module used Description
Espressif ESP_Module_Testboard ESP-WROOM-03 Break-out board included with ESP-WROOM-03 beta modules.[17][18]
ESP32_Demo Board_V2 ESP-WROOM-32 Development & demonstration board created by Espressif.[38][39]
ESP32-DevKitC ESP-WROOM-32 Compact development board created by Espressif.[40] Silkscreen labeling on PCB reads "Core Board".
ESP-WROVER-KIT ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP32-WROVER Large development board created by Espressif.[41] Previously named ESP32-DevKitJ.[42]
ESP32-PICO-KIT ESP32-PICO-D4 Small development board created by Espressif. FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32PICOKIT.
Adafruit HUZZAH32 ESP-WROOM-32 Also referred to as the "ESP32 Feather Board", the HUZZAH32 is a compact development board/module that is compatible with the Adafruit Feather family of products.
Banana pi BPI:bit ESP-32S a development for Webduino and Arduino
BPI-UNO32 ESP32-S a development board for Arduino
Ai-Thinker NodeMCU-32S ESP-32S NodeMCU-like development board.[43]
ESP32-CAM ESP32-S Compact development board with SD card slot and ribbon cable interface intended for camera connection.
AnalogLamb ESP32 Development Board ESP-32S-ALB or ALB-WROOM Development board similar to Espressif's ESP32-DevKitC with on board a CP2102 USB/serial bridge. 4 MiB variation uses ESP-32S-ALB; 16 MiB variation uses ALB-WROOM module.[44]
Maple ESP32 ESP-32S-ALB Development board with Arduino-style connections and CP2104 USB/serial interface.[45]
April Brother ESPea32 † Development board with perfboard area that may be optionally cut-off.
ArduCAM ESP32 UNO ESP-32S Arduino Uno-like development board based on ESP32 IoT UNO framework with support for SPI ArduCAM, battery pins and uSD card slot.[46]
DoIT ESPduino32 ESP-WROOM-32 Full-featured Arduino Uno-like development board compatible with Arduino Shields. It also adds additional SPI & IO pins. The board is a clone of WeMos D1 R32 with a USB Type B socket.
EzSBC ESP32-01 Breakout and Development Board ESP-WROOM-32 Full-featured development board with two tri-color LEDs and fits on a breadboard.
Gravitech & MakerAsia Nano32 † Development board that directly incorporates the ESP32 chip.
HydraBus HydraESP32 ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32S HydraESP32 HydraBus v1.1 Rev1 shield/breakout board for ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32S. This shield can be used with or without a HydraBus board.
Noduino Quantum † Arduino-style development board that directly incorporates the ESP32 chip.
Pycom WiPy † MicroPython programmable Wi-Fi & Bluetooth IoT development platform with a 1 km Wi-Fi range. WiPy versions 2.0 and 3.0 use ESP32.
LoPy † Triple network Pycom board featuring LoRa, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
LoPy4 ? Quadruple network Pycom board featuring LoRa, Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
SiPy † Triple network Pycom board featuring Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
GPy † Triple network Pycom board featuring LTE-M, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
FiPy † Quintuple network Pycom board featuring LTE-M, LoRa, Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
SparkFun ESP32 Thing † Compact development board with FTDI FT231x USB/serial interface and LiPo charger built-in.
SunDUINO ESP32 MiniBoard ESP-WROOM-32 Breakout compatible with the Espressif ESP32-DevKitC. Lacks on-board USB-UART.
ESP32 MiniBoard v2 ESP32-Wrover-B/IB Breakout board with Silabs CP2102, battery charger. Compatible with Espressif DEVkit.
ESP32 SunDUINO ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32S Arduino-style development board. Lacks on-board USB-UART.
SwitchDoc Labs BC24 ESP-WROOM-32 ESP32 Breakout with 24 SK6812RGBW LEDs with Grove Connectors for easy prototyping. Comes with USB-UART and Feather compatible pinout.[47]
Watterott ESP-WROOM32-Breakout ESP-WROOM-32 Breakout which is compatible with the Espressif ESP32-DevKitC.
WEMOS[48] LOLIN32 [Retired][49] ESP-WROOM-32
LOLIN32 Lite [Retired][50] † ESP32-D0WDQ6
LOLIN32 Pro [Retired][51] ESP32-WROVER MicroSD card slot (supports SD and SPI mode)
LOLIN D32[52] ESP-WROOM-32
LOLIN D32 Pro[53] ESP32-WROVER I2C port, TFT port and Micro SD Card slot (support SPI mode)
Widora Air † Compact ESP32 development board.
MagicBit Magic Bit Core ESP-WROOM-32 Compact ESP32 development board with displays and several sensors onboard to make learning embedded development convenient.

† ESP32 SoC incorporated directly onto development board; no module board used.

Programming[]

Programming languages, frameworks, platforms, and environments used for ESP32 programming:

  • Visual Studio Code with the officially supported Espressif Integrated Development Framework (ESP-IDF) Extension [54]
  • Arduino IDE with the ESP32 Arduino Core
  • MicroPython A lean implementation of Python 3 for microcontrollers
  • Espruino – JavaScript SDK and firmware closely emulating Node.js
  • Lua Network/IoT toolkit for ESP32-Wrover [55]
  • Mongoose OS – an operating system for connected products on microcontrollers; programmable with JavaScript or C. A recommended platform by Espressif Systems,[56] AWS IoT,[57] and Google Cloud IoT.[58]
  • mruby for the ESP32
  • NodeMCU – Lua-based firmware
  • Zerynth – Python for IoT and microcontrollers, including the ESP32

Reception and use[]

Commercial and industrial use of ESP32:

Use in commercial devices[]

  • Alibaba Group's IoT LED wristband, used by participants at the group's 2017 annual gathering. Each wristband operated as a "pixel", receiving commands for coordinated LED light control, allowing formation of a "live and wireless screen".[59]
  • DingTalk's M1, a biometric attendance-tracking system.[60]
  • LIFX Mini, a series of remotely controllable, LED based light bulbs.[61]
  • Pium, a home fragrance and aromatherapy device.[62]
  • HardKernel's Odroid Go, an ESP32 based handheld gaming device kit made to commemorate Odroid's 10th anniversary.[63]
  • Playdate, a handheld video game console jointly developed by Panic Inc. and Teenage Engineering.

Use in industrial devices[]

  • TECHBASE's Moduino X series X1 and X2 modules are ESP32-WROVER / ESP32-WROVER-B based computers for industrial automation and monitoring, supporting digital inputs/outputs, analog inputs, and various computer networking interfaces.[64]
  • NORVI IIOT Industrial Devices with ESP32-WROVER / ESP32-WROVER-B SOC for industrial automation and monitoring with digital inputs, analog inputs, relay outputs and multiple communications interfaces. Supports LoRa and Nb-IoT as expansion modules.[65]

See also[]

References[]

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  2. ^ "ESP32 Overview". Espressif Systems. Retrieved 2016-09-01.
  3. ^ "ESP32 Datasheet" (PDF). Espressif Systems. 2017-03-06. Retrieved 2017-03-14.
  4. ^ "IEEE 1588 (PTP) Support (IDFGH-110) #1223". Espressif. 7 November 2021.
  5. ^ "Certificates | Espressif Systems". www.espressif.com. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
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  7. ^ "ESP32-S2_datasheet" (PDF). 2021-06-02.
  8. ^ "ESP32-S2_datasheet" (PDF). 2021-06-02.
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  10. ^ a b "ESP32-C3 Datasheet" (PDF).
  11. ^ Lewis, James (2021-01-01). "Espressif's New ESP32-S3 Adds AI Features for IoT Devices".
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  37. ^ a b "NINA-W13 series". u-blox.
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  60. ^ "DingTalk's New Biometric Attendance Monitor Based on ESP32". Espressif Systems. 2017-06-02.
  61. ^ @ESP32net (2017-11-07). "FCC internal photos exhibit for the LIFX Mini Wi-Fi LED light (FCC ID 2AA53-MINI) show inclusion of ESP32…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  62. ^ "New ESP32-based Aromatherapy Device". Espressif Systems. 2017-07-31.
  63. ^ "ODROID | Hardkernel". 2018-07-06. Archived from the original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
  64. ^ "Moduino X Series - Industrial IoT module based on ESP32". TECHBASE Group.
  65. ^ "NORVI IIoT - Industrial Controllers based on ESP32". ICONIC DEVICES Ltd.

External links[]

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