Eglė the Queen of Serpents

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Eglė the Queen of Serpents, statue in Glebe Park, Canberra

Eglė the Queen of Serpents, alternatively Eglė the Queen of Grass Snakes (Lithuanian: Eglė žalčių karalienė), is a Lithuanian folk tale, first published by M. Jasewicz in 1837.

Eglė the Queen of Serpents is one of the best-known Lithuanian fairy tales with many references to the Baltic mythology. Over a hundred slightly diverging versions of the plot have been collected. Its mythological background has been an interest of Lithuanian and foreign researchers of Indo-European mythology; Gintaras Beresnevičius considered it being a Lithuanian theogonic myth.[1] The tale features not only human–reptile shapeshifting, but irreversible human–tree shapeshifting as well. Numerology is also evident in the tale, such as twelve sons, three daughters, three days, three tricks, three weeks of feast, nine years under the oath of marriage, three tasks given to Eglė by her husband to fulfill and nine days of visits.

Published sources[]

According to researcher Svetlana Ryzhakova, the tale first appeared in print in 1837, published by one M. Jasevičiaus or M. Jasavičius, in the supplement Biruta.[2]

The tale was also collected by Polish writer Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and published in his historical work Litwa.[3]

Etymology[]

Eglė is both a popular female name in Lithuania and also a noun meaning spruce (Latin: Picea). The name is said to also mean fir.[4]

One of the main characters in this fairy tale is a grass snake (Lithuanian: žaltys), but because it seems to inhabit the sea-adjacent lagoon (Lithuanian: marios), the word may actually refer either to a mythical aquatic snake or a European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

Synopsis[]

The story can be subdivided into a number of sections each having parallels with motifs of other folk tales, yet a combination of them is unique.

A young maiden named Eglė discovers a grass snake in the sleeve of her blouse after bathing with her two sisters. The exact location of their bathing remains undisclosed. Speaking in a human voice, the grass snake repeatedly agrees to go away only after Eglė pledges herself to him in exchange for him leaving her clothes. Shocked, upset, hesitant (how can she, a person, marry a grass snake?), but in a hurry to get rid of the persistent snake-like reptile, Eglė agrees to marry, while not fully understanding the potential consequences and the gravity of her situation. Then after three days, thousands of grass snakes march into the yard of her parents' house. They come to claim Eglė as their master's bride and their future queen, but are tricked by her relatives each time. A domesticated goose, a sheep and then a cow are given instead of the bride to the legion of the grass snakes, but once they start a journey back home, the cuckoo, who is sitting in the birch tree, warns them about the deceit. Enraged grass snakes return for a final time and threaten everyone with dry year, deluge and famine. Finally, they take the non-fake bride, Eglė, to the bottom of the sea lagoon to their king.

Instead of seeing a serpent or a grass snake on the seashore, Eglė meets her bridegroom Žilvinas, who appears to be a handsome man - the Grass Snake Prince. They transfer to the nearby island, and from there to the underground underneath the sea, where a nicely decorated palace is located - Eglė's new home for eternity. The feast is going on for three weeks, and thereafter the couple lives happily together. Eglė bears four children (three sons (Ąžuolas (Oak), Uosis (Ash) and Beržas (Birch)) and one youngest daughter Drebulė (Aspen)). Eglė almost forgets about her homeland, but one day, after being questioned by her oldest son Ąžuolas about her parents, she decides to visit her home. However, Žilvinas (perhaps intuitively being afraid to lose his wife or sensing his fate) denies her permission to leave the Grass Snake palace. In order to be allowed to visit home, Eglė is required to fulfill three impossible tasks: to spin a never-ending tuft of silk, wear down a pair of iron shoes and to bake a pie with no utensils. After she gets an advice from the sorceress (a potential referral to the Lady of the Sea or Lady of the Cave) and succeeds in completing these three tasks, Žilvinas reluctantly lets Eglė and the children go. Prior to their departure, he instructs them how to call him from the depths of the sea and asks not to tell this secret to anyone else.

Egle Queen of Grass Snakes and her children
Wooden statues of Egle and her children in Druskininkai "Forest Echo" museum

After meeting the long lost family member, Eglė's relatives do not wish to let her return to the sea and decide to kill Žilvinas. First, his sons are threatened and beaten with the scourge by their uncles, in attempt to make them disclose how to summon their father; however, they remain silent and do not betray him. Finally, a frightened daughter tells them the grass snake summoning chant:

"Žilvinas, dear Žilvinėlis,
If (you're) alive – may the sea foam milk
If (you're) dead – may the sea foam blood…"

All twelve brothers of Eglė call Žilvinas the Grass Snake from the sea and kill him using scythes. They do not say a word to their sister about the horrible crime they have just committed. After nine days, Eglė arrives at the seashore and calls her husband, but unfortunately only the foams of blood return from the sea. When Eglė hears her dead husband's voice and discovers how her beloved has died, as a punishment for betrayal she whispers an enchantment, which turns her fragile fearful daughter into a quaking aspen. Thereafter she turns her sons into strong trees - an oak, an ash and a birch. Finally, Eglė herself turns into a spruce.[5]

Translations[]

The tale was translated as Spruce, Queen of the Grass Snakes.[6] Hungarian scholar Endre Bójtar (hu) called it Egle (Silver Pine), the Snake Goddess and Egle (Silver Fir), the Snake Queen.[7]

The tale was translated into German language as Egle, die Schlangenkönigin by German professor Carl Cappeller (sv) in his book of Lithuanian folktales,[8] and as Das Weib des Schlangenmannes ("The Wife of the Snake-Man"), and published in Mitteilungen der Litauischen literarischen Gesellschaft.[9]

Analysis[]

In folkloristics[]

This tale is classified, in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index, as tale type ATU 425M, "The Snake as Bridegroom"[10] (formerly "Bathing Girl's garments kept [until promise of marriage with aquatic being]").[11] These tales are closely connected to type ATU 425 ("Search for the Lost Husband"), ATU 425A ("Animal as Bridegroom"), ATU 425B ("Cupid and Psyche" or "Son of the Witch")[12] and ATU 425C ("Beauty and the Beast").[13] As such, some versions avert the tragic ending by following the narrative of other tale types, like ATU 425A and ATU 425C.[14]

According to Stith Thompson's reworked folktale classification, tale type AaTh 425M involves a magical formula or incantation to summon the serpent husband. This formula is learned by others, who draw the serpentine being out of its hideout to kill it.[15]

In Lithuanian scholarship[]

The tale is one of the most researched in Lithuanian scholarship, under different approaches,[a] since "it represents the old Lithuanian worldview".[17]

The tale has become the object of scholarly interest of ethnologist Jonas Balys (lt). The story has also been considered an oikotype, i.e., a form of the tale that is specific to a certain region (in this case, the Baltic geographical area).[18]

Folklorist Norbertas Vėlius has also developed an academic interest in the narrative and analysed its elements ("the dual nature of Egle, the attributes of the snake, the types of plants") in relation to the folklore of other countries.[19]

The serpent husband[]

In another version of the tale, the king of snakes is named Žaltys, they live in his palace at the bottom of the sea, and the tale ends with the transformation of her four children and herself into trees: her into a pine tree, her sons into an oak, an ash, and a birch, and her daughter into a weeping willow.[20] The name of the serpent husband may also vary between tellings: Žilvinas, Zilvynas, Zelvynas, or Žilvytis.[21]

Researcher Galina Kabakova cites that most variants feature a serpent husband: a snake, a boa, a winged serpent, even a Hydra-like dragon.[22] In other variants, he is identified as the king of snakes or the spirit of the waters who lives in an underwater palace[23] located in a lake, a river or a lagoon.[24]

Scholar Jack Zipes provided another description of the tale type, wherein, besides the serpent, a seal, a dragon or sea monster may steal the clothes of the bathing maiden.[25]

The human–animal relationship[]

The main storyline (marriage of human woman with snake that steals her clothing) is said to belong to a mythological background about snakes that may be very archaic to the European continent.[26] It is also said that the ancient Lithuanians revered the grass snake (žaltys).[27] Under this lens, the grass snake could be seen as a totemic ancestor, akin to the swan maiden, who plays the role of ancestress of many peoples.[28]

According to Bernard Sergent, "human–animal marriage is an union that is too remote as incest is a too close one. Compared to a balanced marriage, between humans but from another clan or another village, that is to say–depending on the society–within the framework of a well measured endogamy or exogamy, incest transgresses the norm because it is an exaggerated endogamy, and animal marriage transgresses it because it is an exaggerated exogamy."[29]

Although its precise time and place of origin cannot be settled with certainty, the Lithuanian myth has been compared with similar stories found among Native American peoples (Wayampi, Yahgan and Coos), which could be the result of an inherited Ancient North Eurasian motif featuring a woman marrying an aquatic animal, violating human laws on exogamy and connecting the terrestrial and aquatic worlds.[30]

Lithuanian scholarship seems to agree with this assessment: the snake is the ruler of waters and represents a chaotic world. Its liaison with a human woman, which produces children, violates the boundaries between the world of land and the world of water[31][32] and, by killing the snake, the natural order (that is, separation between land and water) can be restored.[33] By using the magical incantation to summon the snake bridegroom, Egle builds a bridge between her world and the aquatic one (or an underground, chthonic realm).[34]

Other interpretations focus on the intergroup marriage aspect of the story: Egle's family (brothers) would then represent male relatives fighting against a male from another family or clan to rescue their only sister, by torturing their nephews and niece (the fruits of this "spurious" union).[35]

Another view, spoused by scholar Eugenijus Žmuida, is that the tale harks back to a myth about a maiden offered as the bride to a snake (who represents a deity of waters). At first, she is hesitant and afraid, but relents and, after seeing that the snake can change into a handsome man, accepts him wholeheartedly. Žmuida also suggests that tales that lack family drama and friction might be the original forms of the story.[36]

Possible antiquity[]

The tale (also known as "змее-супруге", i.e., "The Snake Husband") is also considered by Russian scholarship to be a "common Slavic" or "pan-Slavic" fairy tale, with possible Indo-European origins.[37] Another line of scholarship states that the tale refers to an ancient "Balto-Slavic totemic myth".[38]

A quantitative study, published by folklorist Sara Graça da Silva and anthropologist Jamshid J. Tehrani in 2016, seemed to indicate that the tale type shows a certain antiquity: based on a phylogenetic model, both researchers estimated that the ATU 425M type belongs to an "ancestral tale corpora" of the Balto-Slavic languages.[39]

Variants[]

Although it can be considered a tale type developed in the Baltic area, since most of the variants have been recorded there,[40][b] variants are reported by scholar Leonardas Sauka to have been collected in nearby countries: 23 variants in Estonia (near Lake Peipus);[42] 150 Lithuanian versions; 89 Latvian versions; 28 from Russia; 22 from Belarus; 6 in Ukraine; 3 from Poland; 2 from Bulgaria. Variants have also been found from Tatar (4 tales) and Kazakh (1 version) sources.[43] Altogether, the variants collected outside Lithuania and Latvia, from 11 countries, amount to 106 versions.[44] The tale is also said to be known in Germany, Finland and among the "Cheremis" (Mari people).[45]

Other variations lie in the secret code the wife learns from her snake husband, and in the fate of the heroine and their children (sometimes all girls; sometimes all boys): they are either transformed into trees or into birds and disappear forever.[46][47][48] Some stories mention that the king of the grass snakes was wearing an amber crown or that he lived in an amber palace - a motif that recalls another Baltic fairy tale: Jūratė and Kastytis.[49]

According to researcher Galina Kabakova, the fate of the children at the end of the tale is important to determine the origin of that particular variant (based on a geographical method): in the main Lithuanian versions, mother and children are transformed into trees, a motif that occurs in versions collected from the Belarus's border between Poland and Lithuania, and in Russian versions collected in Lithuania. On the other hand, if the tale ends with the transformation of the family into birds or reptiles, it is a tale from East Slavic origin.[50]

Baltic region[]

The tale type is recognized as being "most at home in the Balto-Slavic regions".[51]

Lithuania[]

According to scholar Norbertas Vėlius, the tale is "more common" in the eastern area of Lithuania, where "more than two thirds" of the variants have been collected. Variants collected at East Lithuania show the transformation of the children into birds.[52] Following a less mythological approach, scholar Endre Bójtar suggested that its diffusion across Lithuania owes to the local snake cult,[53] recorded in historical sources.[54]

Latvia[]

In Latvia the tale is known as Žalčio nuotaka or Zalkša līgava ("The Grass-Snake's Wife").[55]

Estonia[]

The tale type is reported from Southern Estonia, "especially in the Setu region".[56]

In an Estonian variant, Ussi naine or Ussi naene ("The Snake's Wife"), the maiden bathes with her sisters by the sea, the snake refuses to return her clothes, the heroine gives birth to daughters that become different tree species at the end of the tale.[57]

Eastern Europe[]

Professor Jack V. Haney stated that variants of type 425M appear "frequently recorded among the Russians", but "less frequently by Belarusians and Ukrainians".[58]

Galina Kabakova notes that, among the East Slavic populations, the tale type ATU 425M assumes the features of an etiological tale:[59] as remarked by professor Natalie Kononenko, it shows the origins of the cuckoo, the lark and the nightingale.[60] In addition, in these variants, the mother-in-law is the one that kills the snake husband.[61]

English scholar A. H. Wratislaw collected the tale Transformation into a Nightingale and a Cuckoo from "Little Russia" in his Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources. In this tale, a human maiden falls in love with a snake and they both live in an underground palace made of crystal. She becomes the mother of twins (a girl and a boy). Her old mother seizes a sickle and "rushed into the country". The maiden "saw she had manifest death before her" and, by her command, orders her children to become birds: the boy a nightingale and the girl a cuckoo, and it is implied that a dead nettle is what remained of her.[62]

Ukraine[]

Researcher Galina Kabakova translated and published a variant from Ukraine titled Les coucous, les alouettes et les reptiles.[63] She also cited variants wherein the daughter becomes an ortie (nettle) or a cuckoo, and the son becomes a basilisk or a nightingale.[64]

Poland[]

A variant from Poland has been translated into English with the title Egle and Zaltis.[65]

According to scholarship, variants collected in northern Poland, in the ancient territories of the Yotvingians (Jatvings), show the Égle's twelve brothers are eventually punished by Baltic thunder god Perkūnas.[66]

Russia[]

The tale type is known in Russia as Zhena Uzha ("The Snake's Wife"),[67][68] or The Grass Snake's Wife.[69] Researcher Varvara Dobrovolskaya states that variants in Russia were collected in Kursk, Bashkiria, Ryazan, Voronezh and in East Siberia by the Lena river.[70]

According to Russian scholarship, the tale type 425M sometimes merges with ATU 703, "The Snow-Maiden" in many Russian variants.[71]

British scholar William Ralston Shedden-Ralston translated a variant collected by Erlenwein from the Tula Government. In this variant, The Water Snake or Ujak, an old woman's daughter went to bathe with other girls in the pond. When they finished bathing, a snake appeared and hid the maiden's shift in exchange for her hand in marriage. The girl, dismissing the snake's fanciful notion, agreed to anyway. Some time later, a "troop" of snakes came to the maiden's house to force her to fulfill her promise. The snakes escorted her out of the house and into her fiancée's underwater palace. Three years passed and she returned to her mother's house with two little children, a boy and a girl. When conversing with her mother, the maiden unwittingly revealed her husband's name (Osip) and the incantation to summon him. After she put her daughter and grandchildren to bed, the old woman uttered the incantation, drew forth the snake husband, in human form, out of the palace and decapitated him with an axe. The next morning, the maiden returned to the pond and, after realizing her mother's heinous act, condemned her daughter to become a wren, her son a nightingale and herself a cuckoo.[72]

Professor Jack Haney published another Russian variant, titled The Lake Beetle as Groom. In this tale, a beetle appears on the maiden's dress and proposes to her. She is later taken to the lake. The narrative tells that the human maiden marries another "kidnapped" person that was living with the "lake people", named Osip Tsarevich. At the end of the tale, after her mother kills Osip, the maiden curses her son into a dove, her daughter into a swallow and herself into a cuckoo.[73]

Russian scholarship states that a tradition in Pskov holds that the daughter of the snake husband turns into a frog.[74]

Belarus[]

According to scholarship, only one Belarussian variant of the tale contains the daughter's transformation into a frog.[75]

Central Europe[]

The tale is also said to be "very popular" in the Pomeranian region.[76]

Latin America[]

Folklorist Terrence Hansen, in his catalogue of Latin American folktales, identified two tale types wherein a girl meets an enchanted fish and is taught magic to summon fish (in one type) or to bring fresh water (in the other). As the story continues, the girl's relatives imitate her voice to draw out the fish and kill it. In the first type, the girl drowns herself in the sea; in the other, she sinks to the ground after she sees the dead fish.[77]

Africa[]

Africanist Sigrid Schmidt stated that in African tales, the secret song known only by heroine and husband and learned by others who use it to betray the couple "connects ... also with the East European tale of The Snake as Bridegroom".[78]

Scholar Hasan El-Shamy lists 2 variants of the tale type found in Algeria, under the previous name of the type.[79]

Professor Loreto Todd collected a West African (Cameroon) tale titled Bibaiyibaiyi an di papa-wata (Bibaiyibaiyi and the Papa-Water). In this tale, the heroine goes fishing and a creature named Papa-Water appears to her, intent on marrying her. Papa-Water gives her plenty of fish and teaches her a magic song to summon him and the fishes. A group of boys overhears the incantation and summons Papa-Water to kill him.[80] The story was considered by folklorist Dan Ben-Amos as belonging to the type 425M. He also claimed that this narrative was "a common African variation on the Cupid and Psyche theme".[81]

In another West African folktale from the Mandinga people, A noiva da serpente ("The Serpent's Bride"), there lived two sisters, Cumba and Sira. Sira bakes flour breads with "hydromel" (mead) to take to a mysterious person. Cumba follows her sister to a location near the water, and sees Sira chanting a song to summon an enchanted serpent from the waters. After Sira leaves, Cumba returns home to tell her mother everything. The girl returns to the beach with an armed man and sings the song of invocation. The serpent emerges from the water and is killed by the man. Later, Sira eats some food her mother prepared and a hen reveals it is made from the flesh of the serpent. Saddened with grief, she decides to enter the sea and a wave washes over her.[82]

Parallels[]

Princess Himal and Nagaray[]

Indian scholar Suniti Kumar Chatterji summarized the Lithuanian tale and stated that it "reminded" him of the Kashmiri story about Princess Himal and Nagrai (Nāgaray), the Prince of Snakes.[83][c] Indian scholarship states that the tale exists in the oral repertoire of the region, with multiple renditions appearing in both Persian and Kashmiri in the 18th and 19th centuries. In a variation of the story, Princess Himal is a human and her lover Nagaray is a nāga - a snake-like being that lives in a watery realm, and at the end of the tale deities Shiva and Parvati reunite both lovers by resurrecting their ashes in a magical spring.[85]

Legacy[]

Toponyms[]

Studies suggest that characters of the tale named several geographic features, such as toponyms and hydronyms of northwestern Russia, Pskov region.[86]

In the 19th century, Polish writer Aleksander Połujański published a study on the Augustów region, and suggested that two places, a lake named Jeglówek and a village named Jegliniec (where a Lithuanian fortress was previously located), were connected to the name Egle.[87][88]

Researcher Svetlana Ryzhakova cited an analysis by professor V. Kazakevičius, who stated that in the Polish region of Suwałki, a legend is told of a girl named Egle or Egla who married a snake being that lived in an underwater crystal palace.[89]

Cultural references[]

Eglė and the Serpent Statue in Palanga

Salomėja Nėris, a Lithuanian poet, wrote a poem called Eglė žalčių karalienė (1940), which is based on the motifs of the tale.

A bronze sculpture displaying Eglė and the Serpent by Robertas Antinis has been constructed in Palanga Botanical Garden, Lithuania in 1960.

A ballet Eglė žalčių karalienė by Eduardas Balsys and numerous plays have been staged in various Lithuanian theaters, for the first time in 1960, directed by Juozas Gustaitis.

The story has also inspired the creation of literary tales.[90]

The tale also inspired a literary work by author Jēkabs Jūsmiņš (lv), in 1880, with the title Zalkša līgava.[91]

See also[]

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ At least 12 different approaches are reported.[16]
  2. ^ A similar assessment was made by professor Jack V. Haney, to whom the tale type appears "only around the south Baltic coast".[41]
  3. ^ German scholar Rainer Eckert also described both stories as having a "surprising correspondence".[84]

References[]

  1. ^ Beresnevičius, Gintaras. "Eglė žalčių karalienė" ir lietuvių teogoninis mitas: religinė istorinė studija ["Eglė - the Queen of the Grass-Snakes" and the Lithuanian theogonical myth]. Vilnius: Kultūros, filosofijos ir meno institutas, 2003.
  2. ^ РЫЖАКОВА, СВЕТЛАНА ИГОРЕВНА [Ryzhakova, Svetlana Igorevna] (2009). ""ЭГЛЕ КОРОЛЕВА УЖЕЙ": О СПОСОБАХ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ОДНОГО СКАЗОЧНОГО СЮЖЕТА В ЛИТОВСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ". In: МИФ В ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ ТРАДИЦИЯХ И КУЛЬТУРЕ НОВЕЙШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ. Moscow: Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, 2009. p. 49. ISBN 978–5–7281–1079–8 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: Invalid ISBN..
  3. ^ Kraszewski, Józef Ignacy. Litwa: starożytne dzieje, ustawy, język, wiara, obyczaje, pieśni, przysłowia, podania itd. Tom 1: Historya do XIII wieku. Warszawa: W Drukarni Stanisława Strąbskiego, 1847. pp. 416-419.
  4. ^ SINKEVIČIŪTĖ, Daiva. "TENDENCIES OF THE FORMATION AND USAGE OF BALTIC NOUNS WITH SUFFIX -UT- IN LITHUANIA". In: International Scientific Conference: ONOMASTIC INVESTIGATIONS. Riga, 10-12 May, 2018. Riga: Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia. 2018. p. 105. ISBN 978-9984-742-98-4
  5. ^ "Lithuania - Eglė the Queen of Serpents".
  6. ^ Zheleznova, Irina. Tales from the Amber Sea. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 1981 [1974]. pp. 204-212.
  7. ^ Bojtár, Endre (1999). Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. CEU Press. pp. 243 and 349. ISBN 963-9116-42-4.
  8. ^ Cappeller, Carl [Übers.]. Litauische Märchen und Geschichten. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019 [1924]. pp. 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111678931
  9. ^ Lietūvių literatūros draugijā. Mitteilungen Der Litauischen Literarischen Gesellschaft. Zweiter Band. Hift. VII-XII. Heidelberg: C. Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1887. pp. 233-238.
  10. ^ Felton, Debbie. "Apuleius' Cupid Considered as a Lamia (Metamorphoses 5.17-18)." Illinois Classical Studies, no. 38 (2013): 230 (footnote nr. 4). doi:10.5406/illiclasstud.38.0229.
  11. ^ Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. p. 144.
  12. ^ Felton, Debbie. "Apuleius' Cupid Considered as a Lamia (Metamorphoses 5.17-18)." Illinois Classical Studies, no. 38 (2013): 231 (footnote nr. 7). doi:10.5406/illiclasstud.38.0229.
  13. ^ Zipes, Jack. The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films. London and New York: Routledge. 2011. pp. 224-225. ISBN 9780203927496.
  14. ^ Sauka, Leonardas. "Pastangos švelninti kūrinį: pasakos "Eglė žalčių karalienė" periferiniai variantai" [Attempts at mitigating the narrative : peripheral variants of the tale "Eglė - the queen of serpents"]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2007, 33. pp. 48-49. ISSN 1392-2831. [1]
  15. ^ Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Third printing. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1973 [1961]. p. 144.
  16. ^ Repšienė, Rita. "Eglės pasaka: populiarumo transkripcijos" [Eglė's tale: transcriptions of popularity]. In: Gimtasis žodis Nr. 1 (2001). p. 21. ISSN 0235-7151
  17. ^ "Tyrimo objektu dažniausiai pasirenkama pasaka „Eglė žalčių karalienė“ (ATU 425M). (...) Tai naratyvas, kuris reprezentuoja senąją lietuvių pasaulėžiūrą ir kiekvienas jo tyrimas yra savaip vertingas." Šlekonytė, Jūratė. "Lietuvių pasakų tyrimų šimtmetis: nuo tradicinės komparatyvistikos iki šiuolaikinių metodų" [Hundred years of the Lithuanian folktale research: from the traditional comparativism to the modern methods]. In: Tautosakos darbai, t. 49, 2015. p. 133. ISSN 1392-2831
  18. ^ Šlekonytė, Jūratė. "Lietuvių pasakų tyrimų šimtmetis: nuo tradicinės komparatyvistikos iki šiuolaikinių metodų" [Hundred years of the Lithuanian folktale research: from the traditional comparativism to the modern methods]. In: Tautosakos darbai, t. 49, 2015. p. 130. ISSN 1392-2831
  19. ^ Šlekonytė, Jūratė. "Lietuvių pasakų tyrimų šimtmetis: nuo tradicinės komparatyvistikos iki šiuolaikinių metodų" [Hundred years of the Lithuanian folktale research: from the traditional comparativism to the modern methods]. In: Tautosakos darbai, t. 49, 2015. p. 133. ISSN 1392-2831.
  20. ^ The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature. Vol. 1. Bron R. Taylor (Editor-in-Chief). Jeffrey Kaplan (Consulting Editor). Thoemmes Continuum. 2005. p. 157. ISBN 1 84371 138 9.
  21. ^ Astramskaitė, Daiva (1993). "Ados Martinkus studija apie Eglę". In: Tautosakos darbai II (IX): 93.
  22. ^ Kabakova, Galina. D’un conte l���autre. Paris: Flies France, 2018. pp. 60-61. ISBN 978-2-37380-117-0.
  23. ^ Kabakova, Galina. D’un conte l’autre. Paris: Flies France, 2018. pp. 61, 64. ISBN 978-2-37380-117-0.
  24. ^ Bliujienė, Audronė. Northern Gold: Amber in Lithuania (c. 100 to c. 1200). Leiden, The Netherlands; Boston: Brill. 2011. p. 33 (footnote nr. 82). ISBN 978-90-04-21118-6.
  25. ^ Zipes, Jack. The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films. London and New York: Routledge. 2011. p. 225. ISBN 9780203927496.
  26. ^ Алексеев Сергей Викторович. "К реконструкции праславянской мифологии". In: Знание. Понимание. Умение, no. 4, 2011, pp. 81-82. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-rekonstruktsii-praslavyanskoy-mifologii.
  27. ^ Lurker, Manfred. The Routledge Dictionary Of Gods Goddesses Devils And Demons. Routledge. 2004. p. 207. ISBN 0415340187.
  28. ^ Kalik, Judith; Uchitel, Alexander. Slavic Gods and Heroes. Routledge. 2019. pp. 97, 105. ISBN 9781351028707.
  29. ^ Sergent 1999, p. 26.
  30. ^ Sergent 1999, pp. 36–37.
  31. ^ Lūvena, Ivonne. "Egle — zalkša līgava. Pasaka par zalkti — baltu identitāti veidojošs stāsts" [Spruce – the Bride of the Grass Snake. The Folk Tale about Grass Snake as a Story of Baltic Identity]. In: LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES raksti. n. 732: Literatūrzinātne, folkloristika, māksla. Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2008. p. 12.
  32. ^ Astramskaitė, Daiva (1993). "Ados Martinkus studija apie Eglę". In: Tautosakos darbai II (IX): 89-92.
  33. ^ Šlekonytė, Jūratė. "Lietuvių pasakų tyrimų šimtmetis: nuo tradicinės komparatyvistikos iki šiuolaikinių metodų" [Hundred years of the Lithuanian folktale research: from the traditional comparativism to the modern methods]. In: Tautosakos darbai, t. 49, 2015. p. 131. ISSN 1392-2831.
  34. ^ Stryczyńska-Hodyl, Ewa. "Užkeikimai, magiškos formulės ir vardų problema baltų "Žalčių karalienės" variantuose" [Spells, magic formulas and the problem of names in the Baltic variants of the tale "The queen of grass-snakes"]. In: Acta humanitarica universitatis Saulensis [Acta humanit. univ. Saulensis (Online)]. 2009, t. 8. pp. 28-34. ISSN 1822-7309 [2]
  35. ^ Žmuida, Eugenijus. ""Eglė žalčių karalienė": gyvybės ir mirties domenas" ["Eglė the queen of serpents": domain of life and death]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2011, 42, p. 159-169. ISSN 1392-2831 [3]
  36. ^ Žmuida, Eugenijus. "Eglė žalčių karalienė: slibino ir mergelės motyvo kilmė" [Eglė, the queen of serpents: origins of the motif of dragon and maiden]. In: Liaudies kultūra Nr. 5 (2016). pp. 36-38. ISSN 0236-0551
  37. ^ Алексеев Сергей Викторович. "К реконструкции праславянской мифологии" Знание. Понимание. Умение, no. 4, 2011, pp. 81-82. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-rekonstruktsii-praslavyanskoy-mifologii (дата обращения: 20.06.2021).
  38. ^ Kalik, Judith; Uchitel, Alexander. Slavic Gods and Heroes. Routledge. 2019. pp. 97-98. ISBN 9781351028707.
  39. ^ Graça da Silva, Sara; Tehrani, Jamshid J. (January 2016). "Comparative phylogenetic analyses uncover the ancient roots of Indo-European folktales". Royal Society Open Science. The Royal Society. 3 (1): 150645. doi:10.1098/rsos.150645. PMC 4736946. PMID 26909191.
  40. ^ "Ji pagrįstai gali būti laikoma baltų – lietuvių ir latvių – pasaka, nes daugiausia jos variantų užrašyta Lietuvoje ir Latvijoje." Bagočiūnas, Saulis. ""Eglė žalčių karalienė": pasakos topografijos paieškos" ["Eglė - the Queen of Serpents": in search of the tale's topography]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2008, 36, p. 64. ISSN 1392-2831 [4]
  41. ^ Haney, Jack V. The Complete Russian Folktale: Russian Wondertales. Vol. I: Tales of Heroes and Villains. M. E. Sharpe, 1999. p. 427. ISBN 9781563244896.
  42. ^ Bagočiūnas, Saulis. ""Eglė žalčių karalienė": pasakos topografijos paieškos" ["Eglė - the Queen of Serpents": in search of the tale's topography]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2008, 36, p. 68. ISSN 1392-2831 [5]
  43. ^ Sauka, Leonardas. "Veikėjų ir vietų vardai, jų kaita Eglės pasakoje" [Names of characters and places and their change in the fairy tale "The snake as bridegroom"]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2008, 35. pp. 184-193. ISSN 1392-2831 [6]
  44. ^ Sauka, Leonardas. "Pastangos švelninti kūrinį: pasakos "Eglė žalčių karalienė" periferiniai variantai" [Attempts at mitigating the narrative : peripheral variants of the tale "Eglė - the queen of serpents"]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2007, 33. pp. 45-55. ISSN 1392-2831 [7]
  45. ^ Repšienė, Rita. "Eglės pasaka: populiarumo transkripcijos" [Eglė's tale: transcriptions of popularity]. In: Gimtasis žodis Nr. 1 (2001). p. 20. ISSN 0235-7151.
  46. ^ Sauka, Leonardas. "Kūrybiškumo proveržiai pasakoje "Eglė žalčių karalienė"" [Outbreaks of creativity in the tale "Eglė - the queen of serpents"]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2010, 39. pp. 66-79. ISSN 1392-2831 [8]
  47. ^ Žmuida, Eugenijus. ""Eglė žalčių karalienė": gyvybės ir mirties domenas" ["Eglė the queen of serpents": domain of life and death]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2011, 42. pp. 160-161. ISSN 1392-2831 [9]
  48. ^ Lūvena, Ivonne. "Egle — zalkša līgava. Pasaka par zalkti — baltu identitāti veidojošs stāsts" [Spruce – the Bride of the Grass Snake. The Folk Tale about Grass Snake as a Story of Baltic Identity]. In: LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES raksti. n. 732: Literatūrzinātne, folkloristika, māksla. Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2008. p. 15.
  49. ^ Bliujienė, Audronė. Northern Gold: Amber in Lithuania (c. 100 to c. 1200). Leiden, The Netherlands; Boston: Brill. 2011. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-04-21118-6.
  50. ^ Kabakova, Galina. «Le projet du Dictionnaire de motifs et de contes-types étiologiques chez les slaves orientaux». Revue des études slaves [Онлайн], LXXXIX 1-2 | 2018 (§30). Выложить онлайн 09 juillet 2019, Наводить справки в 04 février 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/res/1526; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/res.1526
  51. ^ Rosenberg, Bruce A. Folklore and Literature: Rival Siblings. Univ. of Tennessee Press. 1991. p. 105. ISBN 9780870496813.
  52. ^ Vėlius, Norbertas. Senovės baltų pasaulėžiūra: struktūros bruožai [The World Outlook of the Ancient Balts]. Vilnius: Mintis, 1983. p. 101.
  53. ^ Lūvena, Ivonne. "Egle — zalkša līgava. Pasaka par zalkti — baltu identitāti veidojošs stāsts" [Spruce – the Bride of the Grass Snake. The Folk Tale about Grass Snake as a Story of Baltic Identity]. In: LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES raksti. n. 732: Literatūrzinātne, folkloristika, māksla. Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2008. p. 16-22.
  54. ^ Bojtár, Endre (1999). Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. CEU Press. p. 293 and footnote nr. 20. ISBN 963-9116-42-4.
  55. ^ Stryczyńska-Hodyl, Ewa. "Užkeikimai, magiškos formulės ir vardų problema baltų "Žalčių karalienės" variantuose" [Spells, magic formulas and the problem of names in the Baltic variants of the tale "The queen of grass-snakes"]. In: Acta humanitarica universitatis Saulensis [Acta humanit. univ. Saulensis (Online)]. 2009, t. 8. pp. 28, 34. ISSN 1822-7309.
  56. ^ Päär, Piret; Türnpu, Anne. Estonian Folktales: The Heavenly Wedding. Tallinn: Varrak, 2005. p. 145. ISBN 9789985311462.
  57. ^ Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum. Ussi naine: Muinasjutte soovide täitumisest. Tartu: EKM Teaduskirjastus. 2015. pp. 11-15. ISBN 978-9949-544-75-2
  58. ^ Haney, Jack V. The Complete Russian Folktale: Russian Wondertales. Vol. I: Tales of Heroes and Villains. M. E. Sharpe, 1999. p. 427. ISBN 9781563244896.
  59. ^ Kabakova, Galina. "Le mari-serpent ou Pourquoi le coucou coucoule". In: EURASIE, 2007. vol. 17: "Oiseaux: Héros et devins". pp. 127-142.
  60. ^ Kononenko, Natalie (2007). Slavic Folklore: A Handbook. Greenwood Press. pp. 28-29. ISBN 978-0-313-33610-2.
  61. ^ Kayanidi, L.G. (2020). “Structural and semantic typology of the metamorphic ornithological plot of an East Slavic tale (SUS 425М)”. In: Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 58. DOI: 10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-1-56-93
  62. ^ Wratislaw, A. H. Sixty Folk-Tales from Exclusively Slavonic Sources. London: Elliot Stock. 1889. pp. 160-161.
  63. ^ Kabakova, Galina; Ojog, Elena. Contes et légendes d'Ukraine. Paris: Flies France, 2009. pp. 146-149. ISBN 978-2-910272-56-2
  64. ^ Kabakova, Galina; Ojog, Elena. Contes et légendes d'Ukraine. Paris: Flies France, 2009. ISBN 978-2-910272-56-2 [10]
  65. ^ Coleman, Marion Moore. Lechitica: In Honor of Charlotte Bielawski-Yess (1917-1957) On the Occasion of the Fifteenth Anniversary of Her Work On the Polish Land. Cambridge Springs, Pa.: Alliance College Publications, 1958. p. 26.
  66. ^ Běťáková, Marta Eva; Blažek, Václav. Encyklopedie baltské mytologie. Praha: Libri. 2012. p. 70. ISBN 978-80-7277-505-7.
  67. ^ Леонид Геннадьевич Каяниди. "СКАЗКИ ТИПА 425M «ЖЕНА УЖА» ИЗ СМОЛЕНСКОЙ И БРЕСТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТЕЙ". In: ЖИВАЯ СТАРИНА 2 (102) 2019. pp. 34-37. ISSN 0204-3432.
  68. ^ ВАРВАРА ЕВГЕНЬЕВНА ДОБРОВОЛЬСКАЯ [VARVARA DOBROVOL’SKAYA]. "ИСТОРИЯ ФИКСАЦИИ СКАЗКИ «ЖЕНА УЖА» (425 М) У РУССКИХ" [HISTORY OF RECORDING OF FOLKTALE “GRASS-SNAKE AS A HUSBAND (BATHING GIRL’S GARMENT KEPT UNTIL PROMISE OF MARRIAGE)” (425 M) AMONG RUSSIANS]. In: Традиционная культура. 2015. № 4. pp. 133-142.
  69. ^ Kostiukhin, E. A. 1998. “Magic Tales That End Badly”. FOLKLORICA - Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association 3 (2): 12. https://doi.org/10.17161/folklorica.v3i2.3670.
  70. ^ Dobrovolskaya, Varvara. "HISTORY OF RECORDING OF FOLKTALE “GRASS-SNAKE AS A HUSBAND (BATHING GIRL’S GARMENT KEPT UNTIL PROMISE OF MARRIAGE)” (425 M) AMONG RUSSIANS". In: Traditional culture. 2015. Vol. 16. № 4 (60). p. 91.
  71. ^ Добровольская В.Е. (2016). "Воронежские варианты сказки «Жена ужа» (СУС 425М) в контексте русской сказочной традиции". In: Народная культура и проблемы ее изучения: Сб. ст. Матер. рег. науч. конф. Воронеж: Издательско-полиграфический центр «Научная книга». 2016. pp. 3–14.
  72. ^ Ralston, William Ralston Shedden. Russian Folk-tales. New York: R. Worthington, 1878. pp. 126-129.
  73. ^ Haney, Jack. The Complete Russian Folktale. Volume 3: Russian Wondertales 1 - Tales of Heroes and Villains. M. E Sharpe. 1999. pp. 306-307. ISBN 9781315482514.
  74. ^ Белова О.В. (2014). "Несказочная проза Велижского района Смоленской области - общее и особенное в локальной традиции" [NON-FAIRY PROZE OF VELIZHSKY REGION IN SMOLENSK DISTRICT - GENERAL AND SPECIAL IN LOCAL TRADITION]. In: Филологическая регионалистика, 1 (11): 11. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/neskazochnaya-proza-velizhskogo-rayona-smolenskoy-oblasti-obschee-i-osobennoe-v-lokalnoy-traditsii (дата обращения: 22.06.2021).
  75. ^ Белова О.В. (2014). "Несказочная проза Велижского района Смоленской области - общее и особенное в локальной традиции" [NON-FAIRY PROZE OF VELIZHSKY REGION IN SMOLENSK DISTRICT - GENERAL AND SPECIAL IN LOCAL TRADITION]. In: Филологическая регионалистика, 1 (11): 11. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/neskazochnaya-proza-velizhskogo-rayona-smolenskoy-oblasti-obschee-i-osobennoe-v-lokalnoy-traditsii (дата обращения: 22.06.2021).
  76. ^ Kaukienė, Audronė. "Bendrieji lietuvių ir prūsų žodžiai" [Common Lithuanian and Prussian words]. In: Tiltai. Priedas. 2004, Nr. 24, pp. 72-73. ISSN 1648-3979.
  77. ^ Hansen, Terrence Leslie. The Types of the Folktale In Cuba, Puerto Rico: the Dominican Republic, And Spanish South America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957. pp. 55-56.
  78. ^ Schmidt, Sigrid. Children Born from Eggs: African Magic Tales: Texts and Discussions. Afrika erzählt Vol. 9. Köppe, 2007. p. 310. ISBN 9783896451927.
  79. ^ El-Shamy, Hasan (2004). Types of the Folktale in the Arab World: A Demographically Oriented Tale-Type Index. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 208. ISBN 9780253344472.
  80. ^ Todd, Loreto. Some Day Been Dey (RLE Folklore): West African Pidgin Folktales. Routledge. 2015 [1979]. pp. 160-169. ISBN 9781317549932.
  81. ^ Ben-Amos, Dan (1980). "Review of Loreto Todd, Some Day Been Dey: West African Pidgin Folktales". In: Africana Journal, 11: 73. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/nelc_papers/109
  82. ^ Barros, M. Marques. Litteratura dos negros: contos, cantigas e parábolas. Lisboa: Typographia do Commércio, 1900. pp. 3-12. (in Portuguese)
  83. ^ Suniti Kumar Chatterji (1968). Balts and Aryans in Their Indo-European Background. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study. pp. 128–129.
  84. ^ Eckert, Rainer. "On the Cult of the Snake in Ancient Baltic and Slavic Tradition (based on language material from the Latvian folksongs)". In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik 43, no. 1 (1998): 94-100. https://doi.org/10.1524/slaw.1998.43.1.94
  85. ^ Zutshi, Chitralekha. Oxford India Short Introductions Series: Kashmir. Oxford University Press, 2019. pp. 43-44. ISBN 9780190121419.
  86. ^ Bagočiūnas, Saulis. ""Eglė žalčių karalienė": pasakos topografijos paieškos" ["Eglė - the Queen of Serpents" : in search of the tale's topography]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2008, 36, pp. 64-72. ISSN 1392-2831.
  87. ^ Sauka, Leonardas. "EGLĖS PASAKOS VARIANTAI XIX A. ANTROJE PUSĖJE". In: Tautosakos darbai XXXVIII (2009): 282-283. ISSN 1392-2831.
  88. ^ Połujański, Aleksander. Wędrówki po guberni augustowskiej w celu naukowym odbyte. Warszawa: 1859. pp. 145-148.
  89. ^ РЫЖАКОВА, СВЕТЛАНА ИГОРЕВНА [Ryzhakova, Svetlana Igorevna] (2009). ""ЭГЛЕ КОРОЛЕВА УЖЕЙ": О СПОСОБАХ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ОДНОГО СКАЗОЧНОГО СЮЖЕТА В ЛИТОВСКО�� КУЛЬТУРЕ". In: МИФ В ФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ ТРАДИЦИЯХ И КУЛЬТУРЕ НОВЕЙШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ. Moscow: Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, 2009. p. 54. ISBN 978–5–7281–1079–8 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: Invalid ISBN..
  90. ^ Dromantaitė-Stancikienė, Aistė. "Eglės žalčių karalienės interpretacijos: trumposios literatūrinės pasakos" [Interpretations of Lithuanian folk tale Eglė žalčių karalienė: short literary tales]. In: Tautosakos darbai [Folklore Studies]. 2003, 26. pp. 76-83. ISSN 1392-2831 [11]
  91. ^ Matthews, William Kleesmann. The Tricolour Sun: Latvian Lyrics in English Versions, an Essay on Latvian Poetry, and Critical Commentaries. W. Heffer & Sons. 1936. pp. 4-5.

Bibliography[]

  • Kayanidi, L.G. (2020). “Structural and semantic typology of the metamorphic ornithological plot of an East Slavic tale (SUS 425М)”. In: Folklore: Structure, Typology, Semiotics, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 56-93. DOI: 10.28995/2658-5294-2020-3-1-56-93
  • Sergent, Bernard (1999). "Un mythe lithuano-amérindien". Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. 25 (2): 9–39. doi:10.3406/dha.1999.1536.
  • Gintaras Beresnevičius. "Eglė žalčių karalienė" ir lietuvių teogoninis mitas: religinė istorinė studija. Vilnius, 2003.
  • Martinkus-Zemp, Ada. Eglé, la reine des serpents: un conte lituanien. Institut d'ethnologie, Musée de l'homme. 1989.
  • Salomėja Nėris. Eglė žalčių karalienė. Kaunas, 1940.
  • Eugenijus Žmuida „Eglė žalčių karalienė“: gyvybės ir mirties domenas http://www.llti.lt/failai/12_Zmuidos.pdf
  • Žmuida, Eugenijus. "Eglė žalčių karalienė: slibino ir mergelės motyvo kilmė" [Eglė, the queen of serpents: origins of the motif of dragon and maiden]. In: Liaudies kultūra Nr. 5 (2016). pp. 30-41. ISSN 0236-0551
  • Žmuida, Eugenijus. "Eglė žalčių karalienė: slibino ir mergelės motyvo kilmė" [Eglė, the queen of serpents: origins of the motif of dragon and maiden]. In: Liaudies kultūra Nr. 6 (2016), pp. 27-36.
  • "«Le mari-couleuvre» ou Pourquoi le coucou coucoule". In: Kabakova, Galina. D’un conte l’autre. Paris: Flies France, 2018. pp. 60-84. ISBN 978-2-37380-117-0.

Further reading[]

  • Behr-Glinka, Andrei I. "Змея как сексуальный и брачный партнер человека. (Еще раз о семантике образа змеи в фольклорной традиции европейских народов)" [Serpent as a Bride and an Intimate Partner of a Man. Once more about the semantics of serpent in European folk-lore]. In: Культурные взаимодействия. Динамика и смыслы. Издательский дом Stratum, Университет «Высшая антропологическая школа», 2016. pp. 435-575.
  • Bradūnas, Elena. ""IF YOU KILL A SNAKE — THE SUN WILL CRY". Folktale Type 425-M: A Study in Oicotype and Folk Belief". In: LITUANUS: Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences. Volume 21, No.1 - Spring 1975. [12]
  • Luven, Yvonne. "Eglè, die Königin der Nattern. Ein Schlangenmärchen als identitätsstiftende Erzählung der Balten". In: Bleckwenn, Helga (Hg.). Märchenfiguren in der Literatur des Nordund Ostseeraumes (Schriftenreihe Ringvorlesungen der Märchen-Stiftung Walther Kahn 11). Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Verlag Hohengehren, 2011. IX. pp. 66-92.
  • Navickiene, Irena. "Les contes du peuple lituanien dans la littérature contemporaine". In: Les métamorphoses du conte. Recherches comparatives sur les livres et le multimédia d'enfance, no 2. Jean Perrot (or.); Institut international Charles Perrault. Bruxelles; New York: Lang, 2004. pp. 101-110. ISBN 9789052012674.
  • Palmaitis, Letas. "Romeo Moses and Psyche Brunhild? Or Cupid the Serpent and the Morning Star?" In: Caucasologie et mythologie comparée, Actes du Colloque international du C.N.R.S. - IVe Colloque de Caucasologie (Sévres, 27-29 juin 1988). Paris, PEETERS, 1992. pp. 177-185. ISBN 2-87723-042-2
  • Sauka, Leonardas, sudarymas, rengėjas [com, cre]. Pasaka "Eglė žalčių karalienė". Tomas 1, Lietuvių variantai [First Tome: Lithuanian variants]. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-698-66-1
  • Sauka, Leonardas, sudarymas, rengėjas [com, cre]. Pasaka "Eglė žalčių karalienė". Tomas 2, Latvių variantai [Second Tome: Latvian variants]. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-698-67-8
  • Sauka, Leonardas, sudarymas, parengė [com, cre]. Pasaka "Eglė žalčių karalienė". Tomas 3, Finų, slavų, romanų, tiurkų variantai [Third Tome: Fairy tale "The Snake as Bridegroom" (ATU 425M) in Balto-Finnic, Slavic, Romanic and Turkic folklore]. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2008. ISBN 9789955698685
  • Sauka, Leonardas, sudarymas, parengė [com, cre]. Pasaka "Eglė žalčių karalienė". Tomas 4, Tyrinėjimai, kitos žinios [Fourth Tome: research and other data]. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2008. ISBN 9789955698692
  • Stryczyńska-Hodyl, Ewa. "Popularność motywu "O żonie węża" w folklorze i literaturze Bałtów". In: Perspectives of Baltic philology II. Edited by Jowita Niewulis-Grablunas, Justyna Prusinowska, Ewa Stryczyńska-Hodyl. Pozn, P. pp. 223-237. ISBN 9788360517796

External links[]

Retrieved from ""