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Democratic elections in El Salvador
The government of El Salvador is a presidential representative democratic republic.
El Salvador elects its head of state – the President of El Salvador – directly through a fixed-date general election whose winner is decided by absolute majority . If an absolute majority (50% + 1) is not achieved by any candidate in the first round of a presidential election, then a run-off election is conducted 30 days later between the two candidates who obtained the most votes in the first round. The presidential period is five years. Consecutive re-election is not permitted, though previously elected presidents may run for a second, non-consecutive term.
Salvadorans also elect a single-chamber, unicameral national legislature – the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador – composed of 84 members (deputies). They are elected by open-list proportional representation for three-year terms, with the possibility of immediate re-election. All 84 seats in the Legislative Assembly are elected on the basis of 14 multi-member constituencies (corresponding to El Salvador's 14 departments ). They range from 3-16 seats each according to department population size.
Political culture [ ]
El Salvador has a multi-party system . Two political parties , the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) have tended to dominate elections. ARENA candidates won four consecutive presidential elections until the election of Mauricio Funes of the FMLN in March 2009.
Geographically, the departments of the Central region, especially the capital and the coastal regions, known as departamentos rojos, or red departments, are relatively Leftist. The departamentos azules, or blue departments in the east, western and highland regions are relatively conservative.
Schedule [ ]
Election [ ]
Position
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Type
Gubernatorial (March) National Congress (March)
None
Presidential (March)
National Congress (March) Gubernatorial (March)
None
President and vice president
None
President and vice president
None
National Congress
All seats
None
All seats
None
Provinces, cities and municipalities
All positions
None
All positions
None
Inauguration [ ]
Position
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Type
Gubernatorial (June) National Congress (June)
None
Presidential (June) National Congress (June)
None
President and vice president
None
1 June
None
National Congress
1 May
None
1 May
None
Provinces, cities and municipalities
1 May
None
1 May
None
Presidential elections [ ]
1915 [ ]
1919 [ ]
1923 [ ]
1927 [ ]
1931 [ ]
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Arturo Araujo
-National Republican Party
106,777
46.65
64,280
28.09
34,499
15.07
18,399
8.04
4,911
2.15
Invalid or blank votes
–
Total
228,866
100
Registered voters/turnout
?
?
Source:
1935 [ ]
1939 [ ]
1944 [ ]
1945 [ ]
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Salvador Castaneda Castro
312,754
99.70
Osmín Aguirre y Salinas
Social Democratic Party
690
0.22
165
0.05
55
0.02
29
0.01
1
0.00
Invalid or blank votes
–
Total
313,694
100
Registered voters/turnout
?
?
Source:
1950 [ ]
1956 [ ]
1962 [ ]
1967 [ ]
1972 [ ]
1977 [ ]
1982 [ ]
1984 [ ]
Candidate
Party
First round
Second round
Votes
%
Votes
%
José Napoleón Duarte
Christian Democratic Party
549,727
43.41
752,625
53.59
Roberto D'Aubuisson
Nationalist Republican Alliance
376,917
29.77
651,741
46.41
National Conciliation Party
244,556
19.31
43,939
3.47
24,395
1.92
15,430
1.22
6,645
0.52
4,677
0.37
Invalid/blank votes
153,217
–
119,713
–
Total
1,419,503
100
1,524,079
100
Registered voters/turnout
?
?
?
?
Source:
1989 [ ]
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Alfredo Cristiani
Nationalist Republican Alliance
505,370
53.8
Christian Democratic Party
342,732
36.5
National Conciliation Party
38,218
4.1
Guillermo Ungo
35,642
3.8
9,300
1.0
4,609
0.5
Ricardo Molina
3,207
0.3
Invalid or blank votes
64,075
–
Total
1,003,153
100
Registered voters/turnout
?
?
Source:
1994 [ ]
Candidate
Party
First round
Second round
Votes
%
Votes
%
Armando Calderón Sol
Nationalist Republican Alliance
641,108
49.0
818,264
68.3
Rubén Zamora Rivas
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front -
325,582
24.9
378,980
31.7
Christian Democratic Party
214,277
16.4
National Conciliation Party
70,504
5.4
Jorge Martínez
31,502
2.4
13,841
1.1
10,843
0.8
Invalid/blank votes
103,663
–
48,976
–
Total
1,411,320
100
1,246,220
100
Registered voters/turnout
?
?
?
?
Source:
1999 [ ]
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Francisco Flores Pérez
Nationalist Republican Alliance
614,268
51.96
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front -
343,472
29.05
Rubén Zamora
United Democratic Centre
88,640
7.50
Rodolfo Parker
Christian Democratic Party
67,207
5.68
National Conciliation Party
45,140
3.82
19,269
1.63
4,252
0.36
Invalid or blank votes
40,967
–
Total
1,223,215
100
Registered voters/turnout
?
?
Source:
2004 [ ]
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Antonio Saca
Nationalist Republican Alliance
1,314,436
57.71
Schafik Handal
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
812,519
35.68
Christian Democratic Party
88,737
3.90
National Conciliation Party
61,781
2.71
Invalid or blank votes
40,508
–
Total
2,277,473
100
Registered voters/turnout
3,442,330
67.30
Source:
2009 [ ]
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Mauricio Funes
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
1,354,000
51.32
Rodrigo Ávila
Nationalist Republican Alliance
1,284,588
48.68
Invalid or blank votes
20,550
–
Total
2,638,588
100
Registered voters/turnout
4,294,849
61.90
Source: TSE 1 , TSE 2 Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
2014 [ ]
Candidate
Party
First round
Second round
Votes
%
Votes
%
Salvador Sánchez Cerén
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
1,315,768
48.93
1,495,815
50.11
Norman Quijano
Nationalist Republican Alliance
1,047,592
38.96
1,489,451
49.89
Antonio Saca
Unity Movement
307,603
11.44
11,314
0.42
6,659
0.25
Invalid/blank votes
34,310
–
19,579
–
Total
2,723,246
100
3,004,845
100
Registered voters/turnout
4,955,107
54.96
4,955,107
60.64
Source: TSE[1] [2]
2019 [ ]
Candidate
Party
Votes
%
Nayib Bukele
Grand Alliance for National Unity
1,434,856
53.10
Carlos Calleja
Nationalist Republican Alliance
857,084
31.72
Hugo Martínez
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
389,289
14.41
Vamos
20,763
0.77
Invalid or blank votes
31,186
–
Total
2,733,178
100
Registered voters/turnout
5,268,411
51.88
Source: TSE
Legislative elections [ ]
1928 [ ]
1931 [ ]
Summary of the 11-13 January 1931 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
(Partido de Labor Salvadoreño )
National Republican Party (Partido de Republicano Nacional )
(Partido Zaratista )
(Partido de Desarrollo Nacional )
34,960
3.76
0
(Partido Fraternal Progresivo )
(Partido Constitucional )
Totals
100.00%
42
—
1932 [ ]
The 1932 Salvadoran legislative election occurred between 3-5 January 1932 but the results were cancelled by President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez .[3] Further elections for 10-12 January were also cancelled.[4]
1936 [ ]
The 1936 Salvadoran legislative election occurred in January 1936 but no results were published.[5]
1939 [ ]
Summary of the January 1939 Salvadoran Constitutional Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
National Pro Patria Party (Partido Nacional Pro-Patria )
210,810
100%
42
42
Totals
210,810
100.00%
42
—
1944 [ ]
The 1944 Salvadoran Constitutional Assembly election occurred in January 1944 but no results were published.[6]
1950 [ ]
1952 [ ]
1954 [ ]
1956 [ ]
1958 [ ]
1960 [ ]
1961 [ ]
Main article:
Summary of the 17 December 1961 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
207,701
60.1%
54
54
(Unión de Partidos Democráticos )
64,916
18.8%
0
0
National Action Party (Partido de Acción Nacional )
49,300
14.3%
0
0
(Partido Constitutcional Auténtico )
23,665
6.8%
0
0
Totals
345,582
100.00%
54
–
1964 [ ]
1966 [ ]
Summary of the 13 March 1966 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
207,586
53.6%
31
1
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
120,645
31.2%
15
1
(Partido de Acción Renovando )
26,661
6.9%
4
2
(Partido Republicano de Evolución Nacional )
22,960
5.9%
1
1
(Partido Popular Salvadoreño )
9,303
2.4%
1
1
Totals
387,155
100.00%
52
–
1968 [ ]
Summary of the 10 March 1968 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
212,661
47.7%
27
4
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
193,248
43.3%
19
4
(Partido Popular Salvadoreño )
22,748
5.9%
4
3
(Movimiento Revolucionario Nacional )
17,449
3.9%
2
2
Totals
492,037
100.00%
52
–
1970 [ ]
Summary of the 8 March 1970 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
315,560
59.8%
34
7
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
142,659
27.0%
16
3
(Unión Democrático Nacional )
32,450
6.1%
1
1
(Partido Popular Salvadoreño )
28,606
5.4%
1
3
(Movimiento Revolucionario Nacional )
8,832
1.7%
0
2
Totals
622,570
100.00%
52
–
1972 [ ]
Summary of the 12 March 1972 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
353,775
67.4%
39
5
National Opposing Union (Unión Nacional de Opuesto )
119,194
22.8%
8
9
(Partido Popular Salvadoreño )
31,790
6.1%
4
3
(Frente Democrático Independiente Unido )
20,194
3.8%
1
1
Totals
634,651
100.00%
52
–
1974 [ ]
1976 [ ]
1978 [ ]
Summary of the 12 March 1978 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
766,673
90.3%
50
2
(Partido Popular Salvadoreño )
82,535
9.7%
4
4
Totals
849,208
100.00%
54
2
1982 [ ]
Summary of the 28 March 1982 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
590,644
40.2%
24
24
Nationalist Republican Alliance (Alianza Republicana Nacionalista )
430,205
29.3%
19
19
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
273,383
18.6%
14
36
(Acción Democrático )
112,787
7.7%
2
2
(Partido Popular Salvadoreño )
44,900
3.1%
1
3
(Partido de Orientación Popular )
17,378
7.7%
0
0
Totals
1,660,393
100.00%
60
6
1985 [ ]
Summary of the 31 March 1985 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
505,338
52.4%
33
9
Nationalist Republican Alliance (Alianza Republicana Nacionalista )
286,665
29.7%
13
6
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
80,730
8.3%
12
2
(Partido Institucional Auténtico Salvadoreño )
36,101
3.7%
1
1
(Acción Democrático )
35,565
3.7%
1
1
(Partido Popular Salvadoreño )
16,344
1.7%
0
1
(Partido de Acción Renovando )
2,963
0.3%
0
0
(Partido de Orientación Popular )
836
0.1%
0
0
(Movimiento Centristo Republicano Estable )
689
0.1%
0
0
Totals
1,101,606
100.00%
60
–
1988 [ ]
Summary of the 20 March 1988 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
Nationalist Republican Alliance (Alianza Republicana Nacionalista )
447,696
48.1%
31
18
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
326,716
35.1%
22
11
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
78,756
8.5%
7
5
Liberation Party (Partido de Liberación )
34,960
3.8%
0
0
(Partido Institucional Auténtico Salvadoreño )
19,609
2.1%
0
1
(Acción Democrático )
16,211
1.7%
0
1
(Partido de Acción Renovando )
5,059
0.5%
0
0
(Partido de Orientación Popular )
1,742
0.2%
0
0
Totals
1,150,934
100.00%
60
–
1991 [ ]
Summary of the 10 March 1991 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
Nationalist Republican Alliance (Alianza Republicana Nacionalista )
466,091
44.3%
39
8
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
294,029
28.0%
26
4
(Convergencia Democrática )
127,855
12.2%
8
8
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
94,531
9.0%
9
2
(Movimiento Cristiano Democrático Auténtico )
33,971
3.2%
1
1
(Unión Democrática Nacionalista )
28,206
2.7%
1
1
(Acción Democrático )
6,798
0.7%
0
Totals
1,150,934
100.00%
84
24
1994 [ ]
Summary of the 20 March 1994 Salvadoran Legislative Assembly election results
Party
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
Nationalist Republican Alliance (Alianza Republicana Nacionalista )
605,775
45.03%
39
0
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional )
287,811
21.39%
21
21
Christian Democratic Party (Partido Demócrata Cristiano )
240,451
17.87%
18
8
National Conciliation Party (Partido de Conciliación Nacional )
83,520
6.21%
4
5
(Convergencia Democrática )
59,843
4.45%
1
7
(Movimiento de Unidad )
33,510
2.49%
1
1
(Movimiento de Solidaridad Nacional )
12,827
0.95%
0
0
(Movimiento Cristiano Democrático Auténtico )
12,109
0.90%
0
1
National Revolutionary Movement (Movimiento Revolucionario Nacional )
9,431
0.70%
0
0
Totals
1,453,299
100.00%
84
–
1997 [ ]
2000 [ ]
2003 [ ]
2006 [ ]
2009 [ ]
2012 [ ]
Party Votes % Seats +/– Nationalist Republican Alliance 897,054 39.80 33 +1 Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front 827,522 36.72 31 –4 Grand Alliance for National Unity 217,447 9.65 11 New National Coalition Party 163,209 7.24 7 –4 Christian Democratic Party 61,772 2.74 1 –4 Democratic Change 47,747 2.12 1 0 National Liberal Party 14,071 0.62 0 New Popular Party 11,132 0.49 0 New Independents 13,742 0.61 0 New Total 2,253,696 100.00 84 0 Valid votes 2,253,696 95.11 Invalid/blank votes 115,754 4.89 Total votes 2,369,450 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 4,564,969 51.91 Source: Election Resources , TSE
2015 [ ]
2018 [ ]
2021 [ ]
See also [ ]
References [ ]
^ "TSE El Salvador – Elecciones Presidenciales 2014 – Escrutinio Final" . Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-08 .
^ "TSE El Salvador – Segunda Elección Presidencial 2014 – Escrutinio Final" . Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-08 .CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link )
^ Lungo Uclés, Mario (1996) El Salvador in the eighties: counterinsurgency and revolution Philadelphia: Temple University Press, p 114
^ Nohlen, D (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I , p 277 ISBN 978-0-19-928357-6
^ Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter (1997) Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, p27
^ Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter (1997) Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, p27
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