Elsa Chauvel

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Elsa Chauvel

OBE
Elsa Chauvel.jpg
Chauvel in 1940
Born
Elsie May Wilcox

(1898-02-10)10 February 1898
Collingwood, Victoria, Australia
Died22 August 1983(1983-08-22) (aged 85)
Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
OccupationFilm producer, screenwriter, actress
Spouse(s)Charles Chauvel (1927–59) (his death)

Elsa Chauvel, OBE (née Elsie May Wilcox; 10 February 1898 – 22 August 1983) was an Australian filmmaker and actress, and the wife and collaborator of film director Charles Chauvel. Elsa Chauvel was a pioneer in Australian film making, best known for her contributions to films such as Greenhide, In the Wake of the Bounty, and Jedda. Her legacy in Australian film was celebrated with the creation of the Chauvel Award, dedicated to the work of Elsa and Charles Chauvel, which honours Australian excellence in film.

Early years[]

Elsa Chauvel was born Elsie May Wilcox in the Melbourne suburb of Collingwood on 10 February 1898.[1] Her parents were Irish actor Edward Wilcox, also known by his stage name Edward Sylvaney, and Australian Ada Worrill.[2] Elsa had an elder brother named Kyrle.[2] In her early years, Elsa was often involved in her parents' theatrical performances, often under the name Elsie Sylvaney.[2] While still a child, Elsa and her family travelled to South Africa, where they formed a travelling troupe.[1] Elsa and Kyrle typically portrayed children onstage, but also used makeup to play adults when necessary.[2] When the success of the family's shows waned, they returned to Cape Town, where, in 1909, youngest sibling Terry was born.[2] Following World War One, in which Kyrle fought, the family travelled to Johannesburg.[2] Here, Elsa performed in chorus lines, and later appeared in such plays as , , and Sign of the Cross.[2] Elsa was cast in the play The Silent Witness, which gave her a great deal of recognition in Johannesburg, therefore creating greater acting opportunities.[3] Following a successful stage tour in Basutoland, the family returned to Australia in 1924.[1]

Marriage to Charles Chauvel[]

Elsa first met her future-husband Charles Chauvel in 1926, following a performance of the musical Crackers at the Cremorne Theatre in Brisbane, Queensland.[2] Charles was scouting for a leading lady for his second film, Greenhide.[2] Though initially reluctant to audition for the part, she was persuaded by Charles to give a screentest, and was cast for the role.[2] Charles and Elsa were married on 5 June 1927,[1] at St James Church, Sydney. The ceremony officiated by Charles' brother, the Reverend John Chauvel.[2] After moving to Hollywood in 1928, the Chauvels tried to find American distributors for Charles' films but were unsuccessful in the emerging sound-on-film era.[4] The pair had their daughter, Susanne, in 1930, after having returned to Queensland during the Depression when finances were tight for independent filmmakers.[4] Following her marriage, Elsa performed on stage only occasionally such as her 1929 season in San Francisco with Conway Tearle.[2] In order to support her family and herself, Elsa would give dancing and elocution lessons.[3] This was often necessary between films when the Chauvels were trying to recover from expensive film projects.[3] The couple were considered to represent a strong sense of Australian nationalism in the wake of the First World War for their hard work and ambition.[4] In women’s magazines of the era, they were even considered to be the exemplar Australian couple at the time.[4]

Work in film[]

In addition to starring in Greenhide, Elsa Chauvel was a frequent collaborator in her husband's work and was active in various behind-the-scenes roles. She had traveled with Charles following the creation of Greenhide, to local exhibitors to show their film even though it cost them a great deal to play their own instead of larger American films.[3] Elsa often referred to herself as a "Girl Friday,"[1] but it has been remarked that "her occasional credits on the films do not do justice to her endless contributions."[2] At first, Elsa's contributions were uncredited.[1] Knowing that independent filmmaking in Australia could not compete with Hollywood films in that era, specifically in terms of script writing, the Chauvels looked to create their own Australian style of film.[4] While in California with Charles, Elsa looked to help promote his career over her own, even going so far as to decline an offer from Universal to appear in their films.[3]

Elsa accompanied Charles and cameraman Tasman Higgins to Pitcairn Island and Tahiti to film scenes for In the Wake of the Bounty (1933).[2] Elsa was credited (under the pseudonym Ann Wynn) as production assistant on Heritage (1935),[1] in which she also portrayed the character Mrs Macquarie. She was also an assistant director on her husband’s film, Uncivilised (1936),[4] again credited as Ann Wynn.[3] In this film, she acted as a body double for actress Margot Rhys while riding a camel.[3] She later co-wrote the screenplays for Rangle River (1937), Forty Thousand Horsemen (1940), The Rats of Tobruk (1944), Sons of Matthew (1949) and Jedda (1955).[1] Elsa served as associate producer on Sons of Matthew and dialogue director on Jedda.[1] Her various other duties included actor coaching, costume design, research, and make-up.[1]

Jedda (1955)[]

The research done for the script of Jedda (1955) required Elsa and Charles to travel to the Australian outback in 1952 and conduct location surveys in the East Kimberleys, moving North after this to shoot the film.[5] The film, which used the theme of colonialism and Australian Aboriginal actors, was unique in the sense that this was rarely done.[5] Jedda was the first feature film in which Aboriginal actors were cast in lead roles, including Rosalie Kunoth-Monks and Robert Tudawali.[5] Rosalie Kunoth-Monks, just fifteen at the time, was brought on set for two weeks before she started acting, leaving the Church of England Girls’ Hostel in Alice Springs, to introduce her to filmmaking.[6] It also featured a woman as the lead in the film, played by Betty Suttor, which was also not common in this era.[5] Post-production for the film occurred in London.[6] Jedda would end up being Charles Chauvel’s last feature film before his death.[6]

Later years[]

On 11 November 1959, Charles Chauvel died unexpectedly from coronary vascular disease.[7] It was extremely important to Chauvel that Australian film and her husband's legacy in the industry be remembered through his work.[1][8] On 13 June 1964, she was awarded the Order of the British Empire, "in recognition of service to the Australian film industry."[9] By this point, she had amassed a large collection of prints for her and her husband’s films, which were preserved with the help of the Australian national film archive.[3] In 1973, she published a memoir, [8] Elsa moved from Sydney to Toowoomba, Queensland in 1977.[1] She died there on 22 August 1983.[1]

Legacy[]

In honour of the contribution made to filmmaking by Elsa and Charles Chauvel, the Chauvel Award was created to celebrate those who have made an impact on the Australian Film Industry.[10] In 2018, the 20th recipient of this award was Australian producer Sue Milliken.[10] She received the award at the 2018 Gold Coast Film Festival, which helps bring recognition to great Australians in film.[10] Milliken said regarding the Chauvels, “I have always been a great admirer of Charles and Elsa Chauvel, who were pioneers of our industry with a grand vision for Australian films and Australian stories. It is such an honour to stand in their shadow.”[10] Each recipient is chosen by that year’s Chauvel Award Committee, which has included film critics, producers, actors, and film historians.[10]

Filmography[]

Film[]

Year Title[1][3] Role Notes
1926 Greenhide actor as Elsie Sylvaney
1933 In the Wake of the Bounty uncredited
1935 Heritage actor / production assistant as Ann Wynn
1936 Uncivilised assistant-director
1937 Rangle River co-writer
1940 Forty Thousand Horsemen co-writer
1944 The Rats of Tobruk co-writer
1949 Sons of Matthew co-writer / associate-producer
1955 Jedda co-writer / dialogue director

Television[]

Year Title[1][3] Role Notes
1956-57 Walkabout narrator / producer uncredited; also known as Australian Walkabout

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Chauvel, Elsa (1898–1983)" Archived 28 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography: Online Edition. Accessed on 3 December 2010.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Chauvel Carlsson, Susanne (1989) Charles & Elsa Chauvel: Movie Pioneers, University of Queensland Press
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Bertrand, Ina (19 June 2015). "Elsa Chauvel". Women Film Pioneers Project. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Byrnes, Paul (2009). "Charles Chauvel". Australian Screen. Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Lloyd, Justine (2014). "Domestic Destinies: Colonial Spatialities, Australian Film and Feminist Cultural Memory Work". Gender, Place & Culture. 21 (8): 1045–1061. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2013.810606. S2CID 143984685.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Chauvel Carlsson, Susanne (2005). "Jedda: New Life for Fifties Classic". Metro: Media & Education Magazine: 50–53.
  7. ^ "Chauvel, Charles Edward (1897–1959)" Archived 25 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Dictionary of Biography: Online Edition. Accessed on 3 December 2010.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Chauvel, Elsa (1973) My Life with Charles Chauvel, Sydney: Shakespeare Head Press
  9. ^ Order of the British Empire, Honour Listing Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine It's An Honour, Australian Government website. Accessed on 3 December 2010.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Johnson, Travis (19 June 2018). "Australian Producer Sue Milliken is the 2018 Chauvel Award Winner". FilmInk.

External links[]

  • Elsa Chauvel in The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in the Twentieth Century
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