Emirp

An emirp (prime spelled backwards) is a prime number that results in a different prime when its decimal digits are reversed.^[1] This definition excludes the related palindromic primes. The term reversible prime is used to mean the same as emirp, but may also, ambiguously, include the palindromic primes.

The sequence of emirps begins 13, 17, 31, 37, 71, 73, 79, 97, 107, 113, 149, 157, 167, 179, 199, 311, 337, 347, 359, 389, 701, 709, 733, 739, 743, 751, 761, 769, 907, 937, 941, 953, 967, 971, 983, 991, ... (sequence A006567 in the OEIS).^[1]

All non-palindromic permutable primes are emirps.

As of November 2009, the largest known emirp is 10¹⁰⁰⁰⁶+941992101×10⁴⁹⁹⁹+1, found by Jens Kruse Andersen in October 2007.^[2]^[3]

The term 'emirprimes' (singular) is used also in places to treat semiprimes in a similar way. That is, an emirprime is a semiprime that is also a (distinct) semiprime upon reversing its digits.

It is an open problem whether there are infinitely many emirps. (sequence A178545 in the OEIS)

Other bases[]

The emirps in base 12 are (using rotated two and three for ten and eleven, respectively):

15, 51, 57, 5Ɛ, 75, Ɛ5, 107, 117, 11Ɛ, 12Ɛ, 13Ɛ, 145, 157, 16Ɛ, 17Ɛ, 195, 19Ɛ, 1ᘔ7, 1Ɛ5, 507, 51Ɛ, 541, 577, 587, 591, 59Ɛ, 5Ɛ1, 5ƐƐ, 701, 705, 711, 751, 76Ɛ, 775, 785, 7ᘔ1, 7ƐƐ, Ɛ11, Ɛ15, Ɛ21, Ɛ31, Ɛ61, Ɛ67, Ɛ71, Ɛ91, Ɛ95, ƐƐ5, ƐƐ7, ...

Emirps with added mirror properties[]

There is a subset of emirps x, with mirror x_m, such that x is the yth prime, and x_m is the y_mth prime. (E.g. 73 is the 21st prime number; its mirror, 37, is the 12th prime number; 12 is the mirror of 21.)

Twin emirp[]

A twin emirp (or emirp twin) is a pair of emirp such that the smaller one and its reversal is a twin prime. For example 71 is the smallest twin emirp. 71, 73, 17 and 19 are all different primes, so 71 is a twin emirp.^[4]

The sequence of twin emirps is 71, 1031, 1151, 1229, 3299, 3371, 3389, 3467, 3851, 7457, 7949, 9011, 9437, 10007, ... (the sequence A175215 in the OEIS).^[5]

The largest found Twin emirp is 10⁴⁹⁹ + 174295123052 +/-1. ^[6]

The smallest twin emirp that is sum of first twin emirps is 71 + 1031 + 1151 + ... + 901814489 = 18036881674937^[7]

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Weisstein, Eric W. "Emirp". MathWorld.
^ Rivera, Carlos. "Problems & Puzzles: Puzzle 20.- Reversible Primes". Retrieved on December 17, 2007.
^ The Prime Pages - Prime Curios. "The Largest Found Emirp".
^ Prime Curios! Curio for 71
^ The OEIS sequence for twin emirps
^ Prime Puzzles. Puzzle 973
^ OEIS sequence for twin emirps equal partial sum of twin emirps

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[mathworld-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b Weisstein, Eric W. "Emirp". MathWorld.

[2] Rivera, Carlos. "Problems & Puzzles: Puzzle 20.- Reversible Primes". Retrieved on December 17, 2007.

[3] The Prime Pages - Prime Curios. "The Largest Found Emirp".

[4] Prime Curios! Curio for 71

[5] The OEIS sequence for twin emirps

[6] Prime Puzzles. Puzzle 973

[7] OEIS sequence for twin emirps equal partial sum of twin emirps

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By size	Mega (1,000,000+ digits) Largest known
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Related topics	Probable prime Industrial-grade prime Illegal prime Formula for primes Prime gap
First 60 primes	2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281
List of prime numbers