Eton, Berkshire

Eton
Eton High Street
Eton Location within Berkshire
Population	2,277
OS grid reference	SU965775
Civil parish	Eton [1]
Unitary authority	Windsor and Maidenhead
Ceremonial county	Berkshire
Region	South East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	WINDSOR
Postcode district	SL4
Dialling code	01753
Police	Thames Valley
Fire	Royal Berkshire
Ambulance	South Central
UK Parliament	Windsor
List of places UK England Berkshire 51°29′17″N 0°36′33″W / 51.4881°N 0.6092°W / 51.4881; -0.6092Coordinates: 51°29′17″N 0°36′33″W / 51.4881°N 0.6092°W / 51.4881; -0.6092

Eton (/ˈiːtən/ EE-tən) is a town in Berkshire, England, on the opposite bank of the River Thames to Windsor, connected to it by Windsor Bridge. The civil parish, which also includes the large village of Eton Wick two miles west of the town, had a population of 4,692 at the 2011 Census.^[2] Historically in Buckinghamshire, since 1998 it has been part of the unitary authority of Windsor and Maidenhead. The town is best known as the location of Eton College.

Origin of the name[]

The name derives from Old English Ēa-tūn, meaning "River-Town", a reference to Eton's proximity to the River Thames.

History[]

The land that is now Eton once belonged to the manor of Queen Edith,^[3] wife of Edward the Confessor. The land was appropriated by the Normans after 1066 and by 1086, the lord was Walter son of Other.^[3] The main road between Windsor and London went through the area and a hamlet sprang up amid pasture meadows to maintain the road and the bridge.^{[citation needed]}

In 1440, Henry VI chose Eton as the location for his new college, Eton College. Workmen were moved into Eton to build the college. All of the land immediately around the hamlet was granted to the college, which stopped further growth. The new college chapel made the village a pilgrimage point, and inns were set up along the high street. Henry VI gave the college the right to hold fairs on its grounds.^[4]

During the English Civil War, after Windsor Castle was captured by parliamentarian forces, the Royalist army moved into Eton and attempted to retake the town, occupying the college. Efforts to retake Windsor were unsuccessful and the royalists eventually fled.^[5]

In 1812, Porny's charity school was founded by the estate of the late Antoine Pyron du Martré, otherwise Mark Anthony Porny, French master at Eton college.^[4] Later named Eton Porny^[6] it became the school for local children at 29 High Street. In 1863, moving to the school's current site at 14 High Street Eton.^[7]

The population was 3,526 by 1841.^[8]

The college sometimes leased small plots of land to the village as an act of charity, leading to the construction of houses near the bridge. Scholars at the college also used to collect "salt" (money) from the inns of Eton High Street.^[9] This practice continued until 1845 when a scholar refused to associate with the inns because they were a "temptation" to Eton students.^[4] Eton was favourably^{[clarification needed]} modernised and was the first village in the UK to have its own post office and modern drainage system.^[10]

By 1925 the town was described as more commercial than residential, with most of the buildings (apart from those of the school itself) belonging to businesses serving the schoolboys.^[4]

In April 1970, Windsor Bridge, connecting Eton to Windsor was closed to all motorised traffic. All traffic must now travel via Royal Windsor Way (formally the Windsor and Eton relief road),^[11] a bypass opened in 1966.

Notable people[]

In birth order:

• William Oughtred (1574–1660), mathematician and cleric
• Edmund Bristow (1787–1876), artist, was born in Eton and lived his whole life in the Windsor area
• Charles Duke Yonge (1812-1891), an English historian, classicist and cricketer^[12]
• George E. Davis (1850–1906), founding father of chemical engineering

Politics[]

View of Eton looking across the River Thames from Windsor

At the parish level, the town is represented by seven councillors in the Eton Town Council, a body which also includes seven councillors representing Eton Wick.

At the district level, the town is part of the Eton and Castle electoral ward of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, and is currently represented by one councillor (George Fussey of the Liberal Democrats).^[13]

Nationally, since 1997 the ward has formed part of the UK Parliamentary constituency of Windsor and is currently represented by Adam Afriyie of the Conservative Party.

Between 1983 and 1997, the town was part of the UK Parliamentary constituency of Windsor and Maidenhead, which was continuously held by the Conservative Party during this period.

Before 1983, the town was within the boundaries of the UK Parliamentary constituency of Eton and Slough. This was held by the Labour Party from its creation in 1945 to its redistribution in 1983, except between 1964 and 1966 when it was held by a Conservative.

Transport[]

Bus[]

Eton is served by two bus companies. Thames Valley Buses operates Monday to Saturday buses on the Slough – Eton – Eton Wick - Taplow - Maidenhead route (bus 15). Redline Buses operates the Slough – Eton – Eton Wick – Dorney – Maidenhead route on Tuesdays and Fridays (bus 63/68).^[14]

Rail[]

Windsor is served by two terminal stations. Eighty metres (260 ft) southeast of the town's historic pedestrian and cycle bridge is Windsor & Eton Riverside that is served by South Western Railway services to London Waterloo. Windsor & Eton Central is 200 m (660 ft) to the south-west, but uphill, and served by Great Western Railway services to Slough for connecting services to London Paddington.^[15]

Nearest towns[]

• Windsor 0.5 mi (0.80 km) (via Windsor Bridge)
• Slough 2 mi (3.2 km)
• Staines-upon-Thames 7 mi (11 km)
• Maidenhead 7 mi (11 km)
• Reading 21 mi (34 km)
• London 21 mi (34 km)

See also[]

References[]

External links[]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Windsor and Eton.

Media related to Eton, Berkshire at Wikimedia Commons

• Eton Town Council