Euparagiinae

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Euparagiinae
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Recent
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Vespidae
Subfamily: Euparagiinae
Ashmead 1902
Genera

See text

The Euparagiinae are a small subfamily of rare wasps in the family Vespidae containing a single extant genus Euparagia. The group had a cosmopolitan distribution in past geological times extending back to the Early Cretaceous,[1] but is now a geographically relict taxon known only from the desert regions of the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.[2]

This subfamily, with this same rank, has been previously grouped with the pollen wasps and treated together as the family "Masaridae". Now, the Euparagiinae are considered an independent subfamily and the sister group of the remainder of the Vespidae. Their wing venation is unique and differs from all other Vespidae; they also characteristically have a single small pale spot at the posterior edge of the mesonotum, and the femora and trochanters of the male front legs are modified in species-specific shapes.[3]

The biology of only one species (Euparagia scutellaris) is known, and the females provision nests in the soil with weevil larvae.[4]

Taxonomy[]

  • Euparagia Cresson, 1879
  • † Rasnitsyn, 1975
    • † Carpenter & Rasnitsyn, 1990 Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
    • † Rasnitsyn, 1975 Kzyl-Zhar, Kazakhstan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
    • † Carpenter & Rasnitsyn, 1990 , Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
    • † Rasnitsyn, 1975 Kzyl-Zhar, Kazakhstan, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
    • † Brothers, 1992 Orapa, Botswana, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
    • † Perrard & Carpenter, 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
    • † Perrard & Carpenter, 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
  • † Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2008
    • † Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2008 Orapa, Botswana, Late Cretaceous (Turonian)

References[]

  1. ^ Wu, Qiong; Yang, Hongru; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Zhao, Yunyun; Gao, Taiping (2021-08-24). "Vespids from the mid-Cretaceous with club-shaped antennae provide new evidence about the intrafamiliar relationships of Vespidae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (1): 217–229. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa127. ISSN 0024-4082.
  2. ^ Bohart, R.M. 1989. A review of the genus Euparagia (Hymenoptera, Masaridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62 (4): 462-467.
  3. ^ Carpenter, J. M. 1982. The Phylogenetic relationships and natural classification of the Vespoidea (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 7: 11- 38.
  4. ^ Carpenter, J. M. & L. S. Kimsey. 2009. The genus Euparagia Cresson (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Euparagiinae). American Museum Novitates 3643: 1-11 [1]



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