United States Supreme Court case
Ex parte Garland
Supreme Court of the United States Full case name Ex parte Garland Citations 71 U.S. 333 (more )4 Wall. 333; 18 L. Ed. 366; 1866 U.S. LEXIS 886
Congress cannot punish a person for a crime for which the person has been pardoned.
Chief Justice
Salmon P. Chase
Associate Justices
James M. Wayne · Samuel Nelson Robert C. Grier · Nathan Clifford Noah H. Swayne · Samuel F. Miller David Davis · Stephen J. Field
Majority Field, joined by Wayne, Nelson, Grier, Clifford Dissent Miller, joined by Chase, Swayne, Davis
Ex parte Garland , 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 333 (1866), was an important United States Supreme Court case involving the disbarment of former Confederate officials.
Background [ ]
In January 1865, the US Congress passed a law that effectively disbarred former members of the Confederate government by requiring a loyalty oath to be recited by any federal court officer that affirmed that the officer had never served in the Confederate government.
Augustus Hill Garland , an attorney and a former Confederate Senator from Arkansas , subsequently received a pardon from US President Andrew Johnson . Garland then came before the court and pleaded that the act of Congress was a bill of attainder and an ex post facto law , which unfairly punished him for the crime for which he had been pardoned, and so was unconstitutional.
Decision [ ]
In a 5–4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the law was both a bill of attainder and an ex post facto law. The court also ruled that the president can exercise the pardon power at any time after the commission of the crime, and that Garland was beyond the reach of punishment of any kind because of his prior presidential pardon.[1]
The court also stated that counselors are officers of the court, not officers of the United States, and that their removal was an exercise of judicial power, not legislative power. The law was struck down as unconstitutional, which opened the way for former Confederate government officials to return to positions in the federal judiciary.
Notes [ ]
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