Fakhraddin (Yazidi saint)

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Sheikh Fakhr ad-Dīn (Kurdish: Şêx Fexredîn‎) is one of the most important saints in Yezidism, being the eponym of a Sheikh lineage (Ocax) and believed to have been an avatar of one of the Seven Angels. He was one of the four sons of Ezdina Mir, a legendary Yezidi ruler who reigned prior to Sheikh Adi's arrival in Lalish. His brothers were Sheikh Shems (Shemseddin), Sejadin, and Nasirdin, who, like him, are also considered to have been avatars of the angelic beings. Fakhraddin is also the personification of the Moon, while Sheikh Shems is the personification of the Sun.[1][2][3]

Many Yazidi qewls (sacred hymns) are attributed to Sheikh Fexredîn.[4]

Life[]

Şêx Fexreddin was a Yezidi poet, philosopher and scholar who lived in the 12th century, he authored much of the poetry that is still recited among the Yezidis today in form of sacred hymns known as Qewls.[5][6]

Family[]

Fexreddin's father, Êzdîna Mîr, was a prominent 12th-century prince who ruled over the Yezidis, together with his wives Sitî Zîn and Sitî Ereb. Êzdîna Mîr was the father of the Yezidi saints Şêx Şems, Şêx Fexredîn, Şêx Nasirdîn and Şêx Sicadîn. Thus he is the forefather of all the Shamsanis.[7]

Şêx Fexreddin had three sons and one daughter, his sons were Sheikh Bedir, Sheikh Aqub and the oldest of all, Sheikh Mend, who is an important Yezidi saint that became the ruler of Kilis Emirate and is today represented as the Lord of Snakes in the Yezidi religion.[7]

There is a shrine in Ain Sifni dedicated to Sheikh Mend.[8] Fexreddin's daughter was Xatûna Fexra, a female Yezidi saint represented as the Guardian of birth, pregnant women and therefore of fertility, Yezidi women fast once a year in her honor. Their descendants are still alive today and together also form their own Sheikh group within the Fexredîn group of the .[7] The acting Baba Sheikh (Spiritual leader) of the Yezidis has to be from Fakhraddin lineage of Sheikhs.[9] The current Baba Sheikh is Sheikh Ali Ilyas.[10]

References[]

  1. ^ Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1995). Yezidism--its Background, Observances, and Textual Tradition. E. Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-7734-9004-8.
  2. ^ Pirbari, Dimtri (2008). Lalisha Nurani. p. 14. ISBN 978-5-91356-048-3.
  3. ^ Murad, Jasim Elias (1993). The Sacred Poems of the Yazidis: An Anthropological Approach. University of California, Los Angeles.
  4. ^ Kreyenbroek, Philip (2005). God and Sheikh Adi are perfect: sacred poems and religious narratives from the Yezidi tradition. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05300-6. OCLC 63127403.
  5. ^ "Şêx Fexrê Adiyan: Fîlosof û xasê ola Êzdiyatiyê". bnk.institutkurde.org. Retrieved 2021-05-15.
  6. ^ Murad, Jasim Elias (1993). The Sacred Poems of the Yazidis: An Anthropological Approach. University of California, Los Angeles.
  7. ^ a b c Diar Khalaf and Hayri Demir. 2013. Mythos und Legende der Shex Mend und das Symbol der Schlange (Myth and legend of the Şêx Mend and the symbol of the snake) (in German).
  8. ^ "The Yazidi mausoleums in Ain Sifni". Mesopotamia. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
  9. ^ Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1995). Yezidism : its background, observances and textual tradition. E. Mellen. ISBN 0-7734-9004-3. OCLC 464136140.
  10. ^ "Sheikh Ali Ilyas selected new spiritual leader of the Yezidis". Middle East Monitor. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2021-06-01.


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