Flippin, Kentucky

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Flippin
Unincorporated community
Flippin, Kentucky
Flippin, Kentucky
Flippin is located in Kentucky
Flippin
Flippin
Location within the state of Kentucky
Coordinates: 36°43′13″N 85°52′27″W / 36.72028°N 85.87417°W / 36.72028; -85.87417Coordinates: 36°43′13″N 85°52′27″W / 36.72028°N 85.87417°W / 36.72028; -85.87417
CountryUnited States
StateKentucky
CountyMonroe
Elevation
735 ft (224 m)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
42167, 42133
Area code(s)270
GNIS feature ID492255[1]

Flippin [nb 1] is an unincorporated community located in Monroe County, Kentucky, United States. A small residential village is located on Highway 249, approximately 3.6 miles (5.8 km) south of the Monroe-Barren County line. The village and community surround the intersection of Highway 249, Highway 678, and Highway 100. The south fork and main stream of Indian Creek, a tributary of the Big Barren River, merge at these crossroads in Flippin.

History[]

Land of Tomorrow

Before Europeans arrived, this land was the hunting ground and home of American Indians, or Native Americans. Evidence of their camps and villages and burials has been found here. Whether the Anglicized name that has come down to us was originally “Kenhta/ke,” the "meadow,” or "Kah/ten/tah/ta," the “land of tomorrow,” or some other aboriginal word, or possibly just the slurred rendering (e.g., “Kaintuckee”) of the land of cane and turkey, [6] Kentucky was evidently regarded as a special place by several different tribal groups of Native Americans. By the 18th century, this land was recognized as the domain of the Cherokee when purchased by the Transylvania Company in 1775, which included the watershed of the Big Barren River. The first longhunters had arrived by 1769, including Daniel Boone, Kasper Mansker, and the Skaggs brothers—Henry, Richard, and Charles—among others. Thomas Flippin, Sr. may have hunted and explored here as early as 1787,[7] although records show that he resided in Tennessee through 1796, until the military district south of Green River in Kentucky was opened for public land claims. The area that became Monroe County was officially restricted to military grants for veterans of the Revolutionary War until 1796.[8][9]

Pikesville

Before 1858, this community was known as “Pikesville”, or the “forks of Indian Creek”. The “town of Pikesville” (GNIS ID#2813764) was established with this spelling by Barren County, Kentucky Court in August, 1818, named for General Zebulon Pike (1779-1813), with the following Trustees: Leonard H. Maury, John Goodall, Archibald Sloan, Thomas Flippin, Sr. and his son, James Flippin. The 75-acre town site was located on Highway 249, east of Pikesville Branch of Indian Creek, approximately 1.25 miles north of present-day Flippin and the forks of Indian Creek. The town site was situated in a 353-acre tract previously conveyed by Thomas Flippin, Sr. and sons, James Flippin and Isaac Flippin, to son Thomas H. Flippin, William Baugh, and Rev. John Baugh who remained the proprietary owners of the expansion land bounding the town site.

Thomas Flippin, Sr. (ca.1740-1830) [nb 2] claimed or purchased 1,350 acres (Grants South of Green River, 1797-1866) in Barren County (Warren County before 1798, Monroe County after 1820), of which 800 acres were located on or near the “waters of Indian Creek” (Pikesville Branch), where he settled his family in 1797. Thomas Flippin, Sr. operated a grist mill, store, and tavern, and served as court commissioner, justice of the peace, and sheriff of Barren County. Two of the earliest roads created by Barren County Court crossed near Thomas and Rhoda (McAdoo) Flippin’s home: The “Flippin Road” (1799) from Glasgow to White Oak Creek at Barren River, and the route (1801) later known as Tompkinsville Pikesville Gallatin Road, a.k.a. “Pikeville Rd”.[9]

Barren County Deeds, 1818-1820, described Pikesville as a town with ten named streets, a town square, and 189 town “Lots”. [12][13] Pikesville competed in the election (1819) for county seat of the new county of Monroe (1820), and lost to Tompkinsville by a plurality of four votes. The history of Pikesville after 1820 as told in public records was largely erased when Confederates burned the courthouse of Monroe County during the Civil War, in 1863.[14] By 1830, Thomas Flippin, Sr. and all of his sons except Isaac and James had left Pikesville and Kentucky with their families for new lands and new ventures. Thomas Sr. made his final home in Henry County, Tennessee, where he died and his last will and testament was recorded, December 1, 1830. Thomas H. Flippin also moved to Tennessee and later to Marion County, Arkansas, where he became a founding father of the city of Flippin, Arkansas. [15]

In his series of published (1889) Historical Sketches of Monroe County, Manlius Thompson Flippin, great-grandson of Thomas Flippin Sr., remembered a “three-story hotel, ... many houses that had been residences, stores, shops and barns when the town was at its zenith.” [16] When interviewed (1943) for a news article, some older residents of the Pikesville community remembered a town with six stores, grist mill, blacksmith shop, tan yard, and race track.[17] The blacksmith shop of William Hays Lewis and Bethel Methodist Episcopal Church (1857-1923) on Bethel Branch were located near Ward-Lewis Cemetery. Nothing of the town remains today. A short section of “Pikeville Rd” (est. 1801) now used as a farm road has been marked by the county. “Pikesville Branch”—variously spelled—has remained on maps as a landmark (GNIS ID#500621). A school at Pikesville continued well into the 20th century, after Pikesville School #1 (1855–1929) a.k.a. Common School #41 was replaced, until Pike(s)ville School #2 (1929–1951) was consolidated.[9][18]

Flippin

According to U. S. postal records in the National Archives, “Pikeville” in Monroe County had a post office, 1830-1833, with James Falconer/Faulkner as postmaster. On July 13, 1858, a new postal name, “Flippin, Kentucky,” was established in this community to avoid confusion with “Pikeville,” county seat of Pike County, Kentucky. The new post office was traditionally named for the Family of Thomas Flippin Sr., and probably for James Flippin (1783-1858), the only one of his sons who remained in the community.[nb 3] Dr. William C. Brockett (1816-1897), Flippin’s first postmaster, [nb 4] was a Trustee of Bethel M. E. Church at Pikesville and a founding member of Flippin M. E. Church, South. He also treated the medical needs of destitute residents of the county home, and served as an educator of other aspiring physicians.[24]

According to U. S. postal records, Flippin had a post office from 1858 to 1964, except for a brief interval, 1870–72. Ella Hughes was the last postmaster when Flippin’s postal code, 42132, was permanently retired in 1964. Flippin retained a postal station operated by Bela Turner from 1964 to 1981.

The site of Flippin at the forks of Indian Creek is situated in a two-mile long expanse of Indian Creek that was first recorded in 1797 as the “Reid and Pearson survey,” an 1,800-acre tract adjacent to (south of) Thomas Flippin, Sr.’s land, which was a part of the military grant of Virginia Navy Captain Thomas Lilly for his service during the American Revolutionary War. A “large Sulphur Lick” near Indian Creek, mentioned in a previous survey (1796) as a “large Buffalo Lick,” was cited as a landmark in the metes and bounds of the Reid and Pearson survey. The tract was subdivided when surveyed, with 1,442 acres assigned to Charles Copland, Esq. of Richmond, Virginia, who later assigned (1808) his entire acreage to the family of his sister, John (Sr.) and Clarissa (Copland) Goodall, and to their son in law, John Martin. The remaining 358 acres were assigned to Major William Croghan, chief surveyor of the military district of Kentucky. Daniel Boone and John Raburn were two of the recorded surveyors and hunted here. In his Historical Sketches, Manlius T. Flippin reported the discovery in 1849 of a Beech tree in the vicinity bearing the inscriptions of Boone and Raburn.[8]

When the Civil War (1861–1865) began, hundreds of volunteer soldiers from Monroe and surrounding counties were first organized at several “Lincoln camps” in support of the Union, finally to rendezvous at Camp Robert Anderson, on the farm of John M. Fraim, on the south fork of Indian Creek.[25] Major Henry Dunn of the Monroe County Home Guard (US) superintended a drill school for volunteers at Indian Creek Baptist Church. Camp Anderson was located near the intersection of Highways 100 and 1366, about 1.5 miles south of the church and present-day Flippin. A highway historical marker commemorates the site. John M. Fraim became a government contractor during the war and was instrumental in the formation of the unit that became the 9th Kentucky Volunteer Infantry Regiment when mustered into the U.S. Army, November 20, 1861, at Camp Boyle, Columbia, Kentucky.[26][27]

Lodowick Turner Goodall (1827-1911), grandson of John (Sr.) and Clarissa (Copland) Goodall, and wife Rebecca were founding members and donated land in 1879 for Flippin Church of Christ and Cemetery.[28][nb 5] Monroe Normal School (a.k.a. Indian Creek College), located in Flippin, was incorporated by an Act (Chapter 646) of the Kentucky General Assembly, March 24, 1888, and was authorized to confer the Bachelor of Arts Degree as a teacher-training academy, with the following Trustees: Thomas C. Gillenwaters, Elijah A. Purcell, George T. Fraim, Daniel E. Downing, James T. Beals, Francis M. Button, Lilburne P. Flowers, James M. Neal, and Dr. Joseph A. Flippin. [29] The building also served as the site of Flippin Elementary and High Schools, until replaced in 1938 by a new elementary school building erected by the National Youth Administration.[8][30]

The largest ever recorded old-growth tulip poplar tree grew in the Flippin community, located near the intersection of Highways 100 and 1366. Cut for timber in 1893, the tree measured 10–11 feet (3 to 3.4 m) in diameter at its base; its height was not recorded. A four-foot cross section was transported and displayed at the World's Columbian Exposition, in Chicago.[31][32] A photograph of the tree and a piece of its bark were later donated by descendants of landowner William B. Downing to Indian Creek Baptist Church. A Kentucky highway historical marker in Flippin commemorates this “Famous Tree” (Landrum, 1976).[8]

Lumber from this tree was used to rebuild the (third) Indian Creek Baptist Church, and also to build the new Flippin Methodist Episcopal Church, South (1894-1964), which was formed by a splinter group from Bethel M. E. Church (1857-1923) at Pikesville. Flippin Methodists opposed reunification with the Methodist Episcopal Church (North) that Bethel Methodists had steadfastly supported since the end of the Civil War.[33] Indian Creek Baptists initially met from 1835 in the local school building. The first Baptist Church building of logs (1838–67) was replaced by a frame building (1867–93) that burned in 1893. Originally organized in 1835 near the forks of Indian Creek as the United Baptist Church of Christ, “United Baptist Church at Indian Creek” was formally incorporated by an Act (Chapter 1051) of the General Assembly, January 22, 1867, with Daniel E. Downing, Ellis Riggs, and James M. Neal as Trustees. This third Baptist Church building burned in 1921, and was replaced by a fourth building (Landrum, 1976). The fourth building has since been abandoned due to flood damage (2010) and replaced by a fifth Baptist Church building located near Neal Cemetery.[8][34] Neal Cemetery was gifted by Deed to Indian Creek Baptist Church as a “public burying ground” by the William P. Neal Family in 1885 (Landrum, 1976).

Today, Flippin is a farming community surrounding a small crossroads village that was once a thriving center of mercantile and civic life, although never incorporated.[35] Flippin was served by various business enterprises during the 19th and 20th centuries, which included a grist mill, saw mill, roller mill, two hotels, several blacksmiths and liveries, two sewing factories, ax handle factory, furniture factory, bank, distilleries, and numerous stores and shops. Some of the proprietors were: John M. Fraim, James T. Beals, Joseph Loyd, Elijah A. Purcell, James M. Neal, John Collins, James S. Isenberg, G. W. Bullock, J. L. Robinson, James B. Evans, Francis M. Button, William Hughes, John T. Flowers, William S. Maxey, Mary J. Flowers, Kinchen D. Dossey, Robert Fred Johnson, Tom and Sally Button, Frank and Hettie Button, Paul and Ella Hughes, Lewis and Annie Lee Hughes, Gus and Lura Arterburn, Charles and Nettie Wood, Carson Bailey, Lillian Francis, Lester and Bela Turner, Garon Pare, Winfred Apollos, Ruth Copass, and others.[8][22]

William T. Webb and John Lane were 19th-century investor-partners in the general store, Lane Webb and Company, operated by Francis M. Button, which retained this business name although owned and operated by his son, Francis L. “Frank” Button, and successors. After Frank Button died in 1932, his widow Hettie (Downing) Button with her sister, Ella and husband Paul Hughes, and his brother, Lewis and wife Annie Lee (Johnson) Hughes continued as storekeepers, until Lane Webb and Company and Flippin Post Office finally closed in 1964. Thomas and Sarah (Register) Button, Frank’s brother, also operated a store concurrently in Flippin until closed in 1955. Flippin Lodge #647, F&AM was active during the period, 1890-1941. Flippin Bank opened after the First World War and closed during the Great Depression. Lester Turner’s Garage, a Flippin landmark of the post-Second World War era, closed in 1988.[8]

The stores, mills, shops, schools, hotels, factories, and most of the buildings of Flippin’s past are gone. Two active churches remain: Indian Creek Baptist Church (est. 1835) and Flippin Church of Christ (est. 1879).[36]

Notes[]

  1. ^ “Johnstonville” has been erroneously attributed in a published reference source[2] as an alternate earlier name for the Flippin community. Collins’ History of Kentucky (1874) mentioned the incorporated town of Johnstonville in Monroe County, without noting its location, but failed to mention either Flippin or Pikesville: “The other small villages and post offices in the county are—Martinsburg, on the Cumberland river, 20 miles from Tompkinsville, Johnstonville (incorporated February 13, 1846), Center Point, Gamaliel, Hilton, Fountain Run, Meshach’s Run, Mud Lick, Rock Bridge, and Sulphur Lick.”[3] However, “PikeV[ille]” was depicted on Collins’ frontispiece map as a place name, geographically located correctly; neither “Johnstonville” nor “Flippin” appeared on the Collins map. “Johnstonville” in Monroe County was incorporated by an Act (Chapter 164, February 13, 1846) of the General Assembly, and its location on John Black’s land in Monroe County on the south side of Cumberland River was clearly identified.[4] Johnstonville and Pike(s)ville of Monroe County both appear on the map of Kentucky included in the Official Atlas of the Civil War,[5] with Johnstonville correctly located near the Cumberland River. Johnstonville, originally planned as a town near present-day Black’s Ferry, had disappeared from maps by the 20th century.
  2. ^ Thomas Flippin, Sr. was a sergeant in Thomas Buford’s company of Bedford County, Virginia militia in the Battle of Point Pleasant of Lord Dunmore’s War (1774). He served as a teamster without military enlistment and was reimbursed for services rendered in support of military operations in Virginia during the Revolutionary War. Although he was not eligible for a military land grant or pension, Thomas Flippin is recognized as a patriot ancestor for his service by the Daughters of the American Revolution. After the war, Thomas and Rhoda (McAdoo) Flippin moved their family to North Carolina (Tennessee, after 1796) where he served as a captain of militia in Hawkins and Jefferson Counties, before resettling to Kentucky about 1797.[8][10][11]
  3. ^ The log house site within 200 yards (southeast) of the forks of Indian Creek traditionally attributed and confirmed by descendant Gladys (Mayes) Carbagal as the home of James and Isabel (Brown) Flippin and of their son, James McAdoo Flippin,[19] was originally situated in the 358-acre tract surveyed in 1797 for William Croghan. The Flippin house lot or subdivided tract must have been acquired later by James Flippin during the period of missing (burned) county records, 1820-1858. James Flippin’s original land claim in 1805 of 200 acres was located elsewhere on the "waters [i.e., branch] of Indian Creek"—although his survey drawing does not include an actual watercourse, certainly not at the confluence of South Fork and Indian Creek (i.e., forks of Indian Creek) where his log house of 1858 was located.[9] James Flippin had just recently died, May 10, 1858, and the new postal namesake was almost certainly an homage to his memory.[2] James Flippin was the grandfather of Manlius Thompson Flippin (1841-1899): teacher, orator, poet, lawyer, legislator, and judge.[7][16][20] Although not without some errors, William H. Perrin’s published (1887) biographical account of Manlius T. Flippin (Collins, 2002) included a description of his grandfather: “It may be justly said that Col. James Flippin was one of the most prominent men of his county in his time. He was sheriff several terms and was colonel of the militia under the military system in the State. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and served against the British and Indians in the Northwest. He was a man of polished and agreeable manners, and evinced in his gait, bearing and conversation, even in his old age, his military training and tastes. He owned a large body of fine land and was a successful farmer and stock raiser. His home was the abode of the largest and fullest hospitality for more than forty years.”[7] James Flippin was a private in Hugh Brown’s militia company in the War of 1812. After the war, he was a captain of Barren County militia at Pikesville, and may have continued in the militia of the new county of Monroe after 1820, for which there are no surviving records. Manlius T. Flippin did not mention his grandfather among the Monroe County militia commanders named in one of his Historical Sketches (1889); “Colonel” might have been an honorary title of respect later bestowed on James Flippin. Fleming Smith's affidavit for his pension application attested (1833) before Monroe County Court named James Flippin as one of the presiding justices of the peace.[21] Whether he also served “several terms” as Monroe County Sheriff, or instead as sheriff of elections in his local precinct cannot be confirmed for lack of surviving records. Perrin or his source might have confused James Flippin’s role as sheriff with that of his father, Thomas, who had served two terms as Barren County Sheriff.[8]
  4. ^ Dr. William C. Brockett reported (11/3/1885) that Flippin’s post office was located “5 miles north of Barren River, 1 mile east of Indian Creek, and 6 miles east of Fountain Run post office”, [22][23] which was almost certainly at his home. Nineteenth-century rural post offices were typically located in the residence or place of business of the postmaster as modest points of collection and distribution of occasional mail. Local tradition-memory later mistakenly conflated the postal name with the homesite of James Flippin and his son, James McAdoo Flippin, whose log home was within 200 yards (southeast) of the forks of Indian Creek as the site of the first post office, which was actually located “1 mile east of Indian Creek” as reported by Brockett. There was no land or building set aside as a permanent site as with modern post offices. Flippin’s post office was subsequently relocated several times to accommodate new postmasters (cf. Rennick, 2016 and USPS, 2011).
  5. ^ The original John Goodall Family tracts of 1,442 acres from the Reid and Pearson survey were north of Indian Creek and west of the South Fork.[9] L. T. Goodall must have later acquired the land south of Indian Creek and east of the South Fork which included the site gifted to Flippin Church of Christ—originally situated within the 358-acre tract of William Croghan. Deed transactions that occurred during the period of missing (burned) county records, 1820-1863, are lost except for some that were re-recorded after the Civil War.

References[]

  1. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Flippin, Kentucky
  2. ^ a b Rennick, Robert M. Kentucky Place Names. The University Press of Kentucky, 1984. pp. 103-4.
  3. ^ Collins, Lewis, and Richard H. Collins. History of Kentucky. Covington, Ky: Collins & Co, 1874. p. 630.
  4. ^ Kentucky. Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Frankfort, Ky: [publisher not identified], [1846]. Chapter 164, p. 159.
  5. ^ United States. The Official Atlas of the Civil War. New York: T. Yoseloff, 1958.
  6. ^ Rennick, Robert M. From Red Hot to Monkeys Eyebrow: Unusual Kentucky Place Names. The University Press of Kentucky, 1994.
  7. ^ a b c Collins, Lewis, and William Henry Perrin. Monroe County, Kentucky: History and Biographies. Signal Mountain, Tenn: Mountain Press, 2002. (“Manlius Thompson Flippin”)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Arterburn, Charles R. Old Pikesville Days 1818-2018. Bowling Green, Ky: C.R. Arterburn, 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d e Arterburn, Charles R. A Forgotten Town Remembered: Pikesville of Monroe County, Kentucky. Lexington, Ky: C.R. Arterburn, 2014.
  10. ^ Lemons, Nova A. John McAdoo of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Kentucky. Dallas, Tex: N.A. Lemons, 1991. pp. 40–44.
  11. ^ Abercrombie, Janice L., and Richard Slatten. Virginia Revolutionary "Publick" Claims. Athens, Ga: Iberian Pub. Co, 1992.
  12. ^ Peden, Eva Coe, Gladys Benedict Wilson, Sandra K. Gorin, and Martha Powell Reneau. Barren County, Kentucky Order Book. Glasgow, Ky: S.K.L. Gorin, 1976.
  13. ^ Gorin, Sandra Kaye Laughery. Barren County, Kentucky, Deed Books. Glasgow, Ky: S.K. Gorin, 1991.
  14. ^ Montell, William Lynwood. Monroe County History, 1820–1970. Tompkinsville, Ky: Tompkinsville Lions Club, 1970. p. 17.
  15. ^ Berry, Earl. History of Marion County. N.p.: Marion County Historical Association, 1977.
  16. ^ a b Flippin, Manlius Thompson. Historical Sketches of Monroe County. Tompkinsville, Ky: The Enterprise, 1889.
  17. ^ Simmons, Clayton C. Historical Trip Through East Barren County, Kentucky and the Hamilton Sanderson Murder Trial:" ”The Glasgow Times” December 3, 1942-September 2, 1943. Evansville, Ind: Whipporwill Publications, 1980. pp. 338–40.
  18. ^ Monroe County Retired Teachers. Early School Days in Monroe County, Kentucky. Utica, Ky: McDowell Publications, 2008. pp. 271–73.
  19. ^ Lemons, Nova A. Flipping Flippins: A Quarterly Devoted to Flippen Families. Dallas, Texas: N.A. Lemons, 1987.
  20. ^ Flippin, Manlius Thompson. Poems and Addresses. Chicago: American Publishers' Association, 1892.
  21. ^ Records from Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land-Warrant Application Files. Washington: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, n.d. (Fleming Smith, File No. S30708).
  22. ^ a b Rennick, Robert M., "Monroe County - Place Names" (2016). Robert M. Rennick Manuscript Collection. 111. (“Flippin, Kentucky”) https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/rennick_ms_collection/111
  23. ^ United States Postal Service. Sources of Historical Information on Post Offices, Postal Employees, Mail Routes, and Mail Contractors. 2011. <https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo108029>.
  24. ^ Collins, Lewis, and William Henry Perrin. Monroe County, Kentucky: History and Biographies. Signal Mountain, Tenn: Mountain Press, 2002. (“Caswell C. Riggs”)
  25. ^ United States. The War of the Rebellion, a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series 1. Vol. 4. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1880.
  26. ^ Woodcock, Marcus, and Kenneth W. Noe. A Southern Boy in Blue: The Memoir of Marcus Woodcock, 9th Kentucky Infantry (U.S.A.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996.
  27. ^ Kentucky, and Michael L. Cook. Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Kentucky, 1861-1866. Utica, Ky: McDowell Publications, 1984.
  28. ^ Tompkinsville News, "Monroe County - 50th Anniversary Edition" (1954). County Histories of Kentucky. 122. https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/kentucky_county_histories/122
  29. ^ Kentucky. Acts Passed at the ... Session of the General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Lexington: J. Bradford, printer to the Commonwealth, [1888]. Chapter 646, pp. 394-95.
  30. ^ Monroe County Retired Teachers. Early School Days in Monroe County, Kentucky. Utica, Ky: McDowell Publications, 2008.
  31. ^ Landrum, Alta. History of Indian Creek Missionary Baptist Church. 1976.
  32. ^ Rand McNally and Company. Handbook of the World's Columbian Exposition. Chicago: Rand, McNally, 1893. p. 94.
  33. ^ Arterburn, Charles R. Elzia and Elizabeth Douglass Arterburn of Monroe County, Kentucky. Lexington, Ky: C.R. Arterburn, 2010.
  34. ^ Kinslow, Gina. "Indian Creek Baptist finds hill for new church building!" Glasgow Daily Times N.p. 1 May 2011. Web. 15 Jan. 2019.
  35. ^ Birdwell, Dayton. The History of Monroe County, Kentucky, 1820–1988. Tompkinsville, Ky: Monroe County Press, 1992.
  36. ^ Arterburn, Charles R. A Place Called Flippin: A Concise but not Exhaustive History with Sources Cited of the Community Variously Known as the Forks of Indian Creek, Pikesville, and Flippin in Monroe County, Kentucky. Lexington, Ky: C.R. Arterburn, 2021.

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