Floriano Peixoto

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His Excellency Marshal Floriano Peixoto
Marshal Floriano in 1891
President of Brazil
In office 23 November 1891 – 14 November 1894
Vice President	Manuel Vitorino
Preceded by	Deodoro da Fonseca
Succeeded by	Prudente de Morais
Vice President of Brazil
In office 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891
President	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Manuel Vitorino
Minister of War
In office 19 April 1890 – 22 January 1891
President	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Eduardo Wandenkolk
Succeeded by	Falcão da Frota
President of the Mato Grosso Province
In office 13 September 1884 – 5 October 1885
Monarch	Pedro II
Preceded by	Baron of Batovi
Succeeded by	Ramos Ferreira
Personal details
Born	(1839-04-30)30 April 1839 Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil
Died	29 July 1895(1895-07-29) (aged 56) Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Nationality	Brazilian
Political party	Independent
Spouse(s)	Josina Peixoto ​ (m. 1872)​
Signature
Military service
Nickname(s)	The Iron Marshal
Allegiance	Empire of Brazil Brazil
Branch/service	Brazilian Army
Years of service	1861–1889
Rank	Field Marshal
Battles/wars	Paraguayan War

Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floriˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)rɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 – 29 July 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed the "Iron Marshal",^[1] was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War, and the second President of Brazil.^[2] He was the first Vice President of Brazil to have succeeded a former President mid-term.

Election[]

Monument to Marshal Floriano Peixoto, by Eduardo de Sá, in Downtown Rio de Janeiro

Peixoto was an army marshal when elected vice-president in February 1891. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble. As Vice President, he had also served as the President of the Senate.^[3]

Presidency[]

His government was marked by several revolutions. Ruling in an authoritarian fashion, Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Riograndense Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina during the same years. His government was marked by an increased centralization of power and nationalism, with the florianista cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.^[4]

Legacy[]

He is often referred to as "the Consolidator of the Republic" or "The Iron Marshal." He left the presidency on 15 November 1894. In spite of his unpopularity, he was responsible for the consolidation of the First Brazilian Republic.

Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after its defeat by loyalist troops at the end of the Federalist Revolution.

References[]

External links[]

Media related to Floriano Peixoto at Wikimedia Commons

• Floriano Peixoto at Find a Grave