Foreign relations of Dominica

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Like its Eastern Caribbean neighbours, the main priority of Dominica's foreign relations is economic development. The country maintains missions in Washington, New York, London, and Brussels and is represented jointly with other Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) members in Canada. Dominica is also a member of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), and the Commonwealth of Nations. It became a member of the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1978 and of the World Bank and Organization of American States (OAS) in 1979.

As a member of CARICOM, in July 1994 Dominica strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 940, designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute personnel to the multinational force, which restored the democratically elected government of Haiti in October 1994.

In May 1997, Prime Minister James joined 14 other Caribbean leaders, and President Clinton, during the first-ever U.S.-regional summit in Bridgetown, Barbados. The summit strengthened the basis for regional cooperation on justice and counternarcotics issues, finance and development, and trade. Dominica previously maintained official relations with the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan") instead of the People's Republic of China, but on 23 March 2004, a joint communique was signed in Beijing, paving the way for diplomatic recognition of the People's Republic. Beijing responded to Dominica's severing relations with the Republic of China by giving them a $12 million aid package, which includes $6 million in budget support for the year 2004 and $1 million annually for six years.

In June 2020, Dominica was one of 53 countries backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[1]

Dominica is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

International disputes[]

Dominica claims Venezuelan controlled Isla Aves (Known in Dominica as Bird Rock) located roughly 90 km. west of Dominica.[2]

Diplomatic relations[]

Diplomatic relations of Dominica

List of countries which Dominica has diplomatic relations with:[3]

  1.  Antigua and Barbuda – unknown
  2.  Bahamas – unknown
  3.  Grenada – unknown
  4.  Haiti – unknown
  5.  Italy – unknown
  6.  Luxembourg – unknown[4]
  7.  Malaysia unknown
  8.  New Zealand – unknown[5]
  9.  Pakistan – unknown[6]
  10.  Saint Kitts and Nevis – unknown
  11.  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – unknown
  12.  Trinidad and Tobago – unknown
  13.  Barbados – 3 November 1978[7]
  14.  Guyana – 3 November 1978[8]
  15.  Jamaica – 3 November 1978[9]
  16.  South Korea –– 3 November 1978[10]
  17.  Japan – 12 December 1978[11]
  18.  Suriname – 1 March 1979[12]
  19.  Mexico – 19 April 1979[13]
  20.  Venezuela – 21 December 1979[14]
  21.  Canada – 1979[15]
  22.  Israel – 1979[15]
  23.  Saint Lucia – 1979[16]
  24.  United Kingdom – 1979[17]
  25.  United States – 1979[18]
  26.  Colombia – 9 December 1980[19]
  27.  Belgium – 1980[17]
  28.  France – 1980[17]
  29.  Germany – 1980[17]
  30.  Netherlands – 1980[17]
  31.   Holy See – 1 September 1981[20]
  32.  Belize – 21 September 1981[21]
  33.  India – 28 March 1982[22]
  34.  Australia – 1982[15]
  35.  Austria – 1982[15]
  36.  Sweden – 3 May 1984[23]
  37.  Argentina – 13 June 1985[24]
  38.  Peru – 18 March 1986[25]
  39.  Brazil – 9 April 1986[26]
  40.  Spain – 1986[17]
  41.  North Korea –21 January 1991[27]
  42.  Chile – 4 October 1991
  43.  Slovenia – 9 July 1993[28]
  44.  Indonesia – April 1994[29]
  45.  Russia – 19 May 1995[30]
  46.  Czech Republic – 13 March 1996
  47.  Cuba – 18 May 1996[31]
  48.  North Macedonia – 18 October 1996[32]
  49.  Portugal – 27 December 1996
  50.  South Africa – 29 April 1998[33]
  51.  Libya – 15 January 2001
  52.  Norway – 26 March 2001[34]
  53.  Costa Rica – 10 May 2001
  54.  Ireland – 6 July 2001
  55.  Cyprus – 13 July 2001
  56.  Nigeria – 2002[17]
  57.  Mauritius – 23 September 2003
  58.  Qatar – 20 February 2004
  59.  China – 23 March 2004[35]
  60.  Iceland – 29 June 2004
  61.  Belarus – 9 July 2004[36]
  62.  Maldives – 21 July 2004
  63.  Malta – 11 February 2005[37]
  64.  Greece – 15 November 2005
  65.  Thailand – 25 November 2005[38]
  66.   Switzerland – 2005[39]
  67.  Slovakia – 7 February 2006
  68.  Turkey – 13 April 2006
  69.  Algeria – 22 June 2006
  70.  Estonia – 13 February 2007[40]
  71.  Botswana – 23 July 2007
  72.  Latvia – 27 September 2007[41]
  73.  Hungary – 2 June 2008
  74.  Dominican Republic – 23 July 2008[42]
  75.  Saudi Arabia – 23 January 2009
  76.  Senegal – 28 January 2009
  77.  Romania – 30 January 2009
  78.  Monaco – 27 February 2009[43]
  79.  Nicaragua – 2 June 2009
  80.  Poland – 4 June 2009
  81.  Ecuador – 24 June 2009
  82.  Guatemala – 12 August 2009
  83.  Finland – 19 August 2009[44]
  84.  Ethiopia – 2009[45]
  85.  Serbia – 22 April 2010
  86.  Cambodia – 27 April 2010
  87.  Morocco – 23 June 2010
  88.  Egypt – 7 July 2010
  89.  Georgia – 15 December 2010
  90.  Montenegro – 25 February 2011
  91.  Uruguay – 1 March 2011[46]
  92.  Azerbaijan – 4 March 2011
  93.  Solomon Islands – 7 March 2011[47]
  94.  Tajikistan – 13 April 2011
  95.  Bulgaria – 28 April 2011
  96.  Philippines – 29 April 2011
  97.  Mongolia – 18 October 2011
  98.  Panama – 15 March 2012[48]
  99.  Moldova – 29 May 2012[49]
  100.  Bolivia – 5 June 2012[50]
  101.  Singapore – 6 June 2012[51]
  102.  Gambia – 26 July 2012
  103.  Tuvalu – 26 July 2012
  104.  Croatia – 20 April 2013
  105.  Kazakhstan – 30 April 2013
  106.  El Salvador – 5 June 2013[52]
  107.  Lithuania – 7 October 2013
  108.  Vietnam – 1 November 2013
  109.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – 6 March 2014
  110.  Fiji – 21 March 2014
  111.  Honduras – 5 June 2014[53]
  112.  United Arab Emirates – 17 December 2014
  113.  Paraguay – 5 March 2015[54]
  114.  Turkmenistan – 13 October 2016
  115.  Kyrgyzstan – 17 October 2016
  116.  Djibouti – 9 January 2018[55]
  117.  Ghana – 18 January 2018
  118.  Kiribati – 22 January 2018
  119.  State of Palestine – 18 March 2018[56]
  120.  Sri Lanka – 17 April 2018
  121.  Ivory Coast – 17 May 2018[57]
  122.  Denmark – 20 February 2019[58]
  123.  Armenia – 5 April 2019[59]
  124.  Ukraine – 25 April 2019[60]
  125.  Cabo Verde – 15 May 2019
  126.  Brunei – 22 January 2020
  127.  Kenya – 1 July 2020[61]
  128.  Bangladesh – 24 November 2020
  129.  Rwanda – 15 April 2021
  130.  Afghanistan – 27 April 2021[62]
  131.  Andorra – 30 April 2021
  132.    Nepal – 30 April 2021
  133.  Eritrea – 4 May 2021
  134.  Uganda – 4 May 2021
  135.  Uzbekistan – 14 May 2021[63]
  136.  San Marino – 16 June 2021[64]
  137.  Seychelles – 23 June 2021[65]
  138.  Laos – 29 July 2021
  139.  Sudan – 13 August 2021[66]

Bilateral relations[]

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia

Australia is represented in Dominica through its High Commission in Trinidad and Tobago.[67]

 Austria
  • Since 2016, Austria is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[68][69]
  • Dominica idoes not have any representation in Austria.[70][71]
 Azerbaijan 2011

Azerbaijan and Dominica have established diplomatic relations in 2011.[72] Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit made an official visit to Azerbaijan later this year.[73]

 Belize 1981
 Bulgaria

Bulgaria is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Cuba.[76]

 Canada 1978
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1978.[77]
  • Bilateral relations are described as "close and friendly."[78]
  • Canada is represented in Dominica, through its High Commission in Barbados.[78]
 Colombia 1980[79]

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1980. Colombia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Kingston, Jamaica.[80]

 Chile

Both countries have diplomatic relations. Both countries waived visa for diplomatic passports holders.[81]

 Croatia 2013[82]

Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 30 July 2013.[82]

 People's Republic of China 2004[83]

Diplomatic relations were established on 31 March 2004, when Dominica suspended ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan).[84]

 Cuba 1996

In December 2005, during the second CARICOM/CUBA summit held in Barbados, heads of CARICOM and Cuba agreed to deepen their ties in the areas of socio-economic and political cooperation in addition to medical care assistance. Since the meeting, Cuba has opened four additional embassies in the Caribbean Community including Dominica.[85]

 Cyprus 2001[86]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. A Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on 13 June 2001 in New York[86]

 Finland 2009[87]

Finland recognised Dominica on 23 February 1979. Diplomatic relations were established on 19 August 2009.[87]

 France 1979[88]

France is represented in Dominica, through its embassy in Saint Lucia. Dominica and France have signed many bilateral agreements.[89]

 Germany 1980

Both countries have diplomatic relations since 1980.[90] Political and economic relations are friendly but fairly low-key.[91]

 Greece 2005[92]

Diplomatic relations were established on 15 November 2005. Greece is represented in Dominica via parallel accreditation of its embassy in Caracas. Dominica has appointed an ambassador accredited to Greece, based in Roseau, Dominica.[92]

 Grenada

Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

 Guyana 1978

Dominica and Guyana have established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1978.[93] Guyana has a High Commission in Roseau.[94]

  Holy See 1982

Dominica and the Holy See have had diplomatic relations since 1982.[95][96]

 Honduras 2014

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 2014[97] during the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in Asunción.

 Hungary

Hungary is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Havana, Cuba.[98][99]

 Iceland
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004.[100]
  • Iceland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in New York, United States. Both countries have an agreement on cooperation on geothermal energy.[101]
 Ireland

Ireland is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[102][103]

 India 1981 See Dominica–India relations

Dominica and India established diplomatic relation in 1981.[104] Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

 Indonesia

Indonesia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela[105]

 Israel 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979.[106]
  • Israel is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
  • Both countries have an agreement on visa abolition.[107]
 Italy

Italy is represented in Dominica by its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[108]

 Japan 1978[109]

Diplomatic relations were established in December 1978.[109] Japan is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Trinidad and Tobago .[110]

 North Korea 1978

Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[111]

 Malaysia
 Malta 2005[114]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 11 February 2005 in New York.[114]

 Maldives 2004
 Mexico 3 April 1979 See Dominica–Mexico relations
  • Dominica is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Mexico is accredited to Dominica from its embassy in Castries, Saint Lucia and maintains an honorary consulate in Roseau.[116]
 Monaco

Dominica is represented in Monaco through it embassy in Paris, France.[117]

 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Norway 2001

Dominica and Norway established diplomatic relation on 26 March 2001.[122] Both countries have signed an Agreement concerning the exchange of information relating to tax matters[123] which came into force on 1 January 2012[124]

 Pakistan
 Russia 1995

Dominica and Russia have established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1995.[125] In April 2018, Dominica has appointed a resident ambassador to the Russia.[126]

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations, of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

 Serbia 2010

Dominica and Serbia established diplomatic relation on 22 April 2010.[127]

 Singapore 2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2012.[128]

 Slovakia

Slovakia is represented in Dominica through its embassy in Havana.[129][130]

 Sri Lanka 2018

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 2018.[131][132][133]

 Slovenia

Dominica is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in London.[134]

 South Africa 1998[135]

Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Diplomatic relations were established on 29 April 1998.[135]

 South Korea 1978

Since November 1978, the bilateral relations have been cordial and fruitful.[136]

 Spain 1986 See Dominica–Spain relations

Dominica and Spain established diplomatic relations in 1986.[137]

 Suriname

Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.

 Sweden 1978

Sweden has an honorary consulate in Roseau.[138]

  Switzerland 1988[139]

Diplomatic and economic relations between Switzerland and Dominica are of minor importance.[139]

 Trinidad and Tobago
 Turkey 3 Nov. 1978[141] See Dominica–Turkey relations
 Ukraine 2019
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 2019.[143][144][145][146]
  • They also signed a visa waver agreement.[147]
 United Kingdom 1979

On 3 November 1978, Dominica received independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth republic.

 United States 1979 See Dominica–United States relations

The United States and Dominica have friendly relations. United States supports the Dominican government's efforts to expand its economic base and to provide a higher standard of living for its citizens. U.S. assistance is primarily channeled through multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the Caribbean Development Bank, as well as through the U.S. Agency for International Development office in Bridgetown, Barbados.

 Venezuela 1979

President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez visited Dominica in 2007.[148] Dominica has once claimed the Venezuelan island Isla Aves, but the claim was stopped as Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit has declared that Isla Aves belongs to Venezuela.

Dominica and the Commonwealth of Nations[]

The Commonwealth of Dominica has been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1978, when it became an independent Commonwealth republic from the United Kingdom.

Dominica's highest court of appeal is the Caribbean Court of Justice, in effect from 6 March 2015. Previously, the nation's ultimate court of appeal was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London.[149]

Dominica and La Francophonie[]

The Commonwealth of Dominica has been a member of Organisation internationale de la Francophonie since 1979.

As a French and then British colony; Antillean Creole, a French-based creole language, is spoken by 90% of the population. The Commonwealth of Dominica is nestled between two insular overseas outer regions of France, Guadeloupe (situated to the north), and Martinique (situated to the south). A number of links exist between Dominica and its French neighbours to north and south.

See also[]

References[]

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