Found footage (film technique)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Found footage is a film subgenre in which all or a substantial part of the work is presented as if it were discovered film or video recordings. The events on screen are typically seen through the camera of one or more of the characters involved, often accompanied by their real-time, off-camera commentary. For added realism, the cinematography may be done by the actors themselves as they perform, and shaky camera work and naturalistic acting are routinely employed. The footage may be presented as if it were "raw" and complete or as if it had been edited into a narrative by those who "found" it.

The most common use of the technique is in horror films (e.g., Cannibal Holocaust, The Blair Witch Project, Paranormal Activity, Diary of the Dead, REC, Cloverfield, Trollhunter), where the footage is purported to be the only surviving record of the events, with the participants now missing or dead. It has also been used in science-fiction (e.g., Chronicle, Project Almanac, Europa Report), drama (e.g., Zero Day, Exhibit A), comedy (e.g., Project X) and family (e.g., Earth to Echo) films.

Although found footage was originally the name of an entirely different genre, it is now frequently used to describe pseudo-documentaries crafted with this narrative technique. The film magazine Variety has, for example, used the term "faux found-footage film" to describe the 2012 film Grave Encounters 2. Film scholar David Bordwell criticizes this recent usage, arguing that it sows confusion, and instead prefers the term "discovered footage" for the narrative gimmick.[1]

Characteristics[]

Found-footage films typically employ one or more of four cinematic techniquesfirst-person perspective, pseudo-documentary or mockumentary, news footage, or surveillance footage—according to an analysis of 500 found-footage films conducted by Found Footage Critic.[2]

History[]

As a plot device, found footage has precedents in literature, particularly in the epistolary novel, which typically consists of either correspondence or diary entries, purportedly written by a character central to the events. Like found footage, the epistolary technique has often been employed in horror fiction: both Dracula and Frankenstein are epistolary novels, as is The Call of Cthulhu by H. P. Lovecraft.

Italian director Ruggero Deodato revolutionized the found footage style of narrative filmmaking with Cannibal Holocaust (1980), the first horror film using this technique

In filmmaking, the 1980 cult horror feature Cannibal Holocaust is often claimed to be the first example of found footage.[3] The device was popularised by The Blair Witch Project (1999).[4] Found footage has since been used in other commercially successful films, including Paranormal Activity (2007), REC (2007), Cloverfield (2008) and Chronicle (2012).[5] Reviewing V/H/S for The A.V. Club, Scott Tobia notes that the genre "has since become to the ’00s and ’10s what slasher movies were to the ’80s."[6]

The genre appeals to film producers because of its lower cost, as it is believed the illusion of amateur documentary style allows lower production values than would be accepted on a conventional film.

Writer-director Christopher B. Landon, who has made several found footage horror films, posits that the genre is likely to extend in the future outside horror.[7]

Examples[]

Films[]

The following entries are notable films in the found footage genre, though some were only partially made in that style.


Title Release date Genre Director(s) Production company
The Connection 1961-05-?? Drama Shirley Clarke The Connection Company
Cannibal Holocaust 1980-02-07 Adventure, Horror Ruggero Deodato F.D. Cinematografica
Guinea Pig 2: Flower of Flesh and Blood 1985-11-30 Horror Hideshi Hino Sai Enterprise
UFO Abduction 1989–??-?? Horror, Science fiction Dean Alioto IndieSyndicate Productions
84C MoPic 1989-04-07 Drama, War Patrick Sheane Duncan New Century Vista Film Company
Man Bites Dog 1993-01-15 Comedy, Crime, Drama, Horror, Thriller Rémy Belvaux
André Bonzel
Benoît Poelvoorde
Les Artistes Anonymes
Forgotten Silver 1995-10-28 Mockumentary Peter Jackson WingNut Films
Alien Abduction: Incident in Lake County 1998-01-20 Drama, Horror, Science fiction Dean Alioto Dick Clark Productions
The Last Broadcast 1998-10-23 Horror, Mystery Stefan Avalos
Lance Weiler
FFM Productions
The Blair Witch Project 1999-07-30 Horror, Mystery Daniel Myrick
Eduardo Sánchez
Haxan Films
The St. Francisville Experiment 2000-04-15 Horror, Mystery, Thriller Ted Nicolaou The Kushner-Locke Company
Gang Tapes 2001-02-01 Drama, Crime Adam Ripp Lionsgate
August Underground 2001–??-?? Horror Fred Vogel Absu Films
Toetag Pictures
The Collingswood Story 2002-10-20 Horror, Mystery, Thriller Mike Costanza Cinerebel Media
August Underground's Mordum 2003–??-?? Horror Fred Vogel
Killjoy
Cristie Whiles
Jerami Cruise
Michael T. Schneider
Toetag Pictures
The Great American Snuff Film 2003–??-?? Horror Sean Tretta Ominous Productions
Zero Day 2003-09-03 Drama Ben Coccio Professor Bright Films
Incident at Loch Ness 2004-09-17 Adventure Zak Penn Eden Rock Media
September Tapes 2004-09-24 Drama Christian Johnston Complex Films
Raz Productions
Raz Entertainment
Persistent Entertainment
The Last Horror Movie 2005-05-13 Horror Julian Richards Prolific Films
Snakehair Productions
The Curse 2005-08-20 Horror Kōji Shiraishi Xanadeux Company
The Zombie Diaries 2006-10-29 Horror Kevin Gates
Michael Bartlett
Off World Films
Bleeding Edge Films
The Hunt 2006-12-11 Science fiction, Horror, Thriller Fritz Kiersch Graymark Productions
Azisa Pictures
Alone with Her 2007-01-17 Crime, Drama, Thriller Eric Nicholas Pin Hole Productions LLC
The Weinstein Company
Welcome to the Jungle 2007-04-19 Horror Jonathan Hensleigh Steelbridge Film Works
Bauer Martinez Studios
Valhalla Motion Pictures
The Poughkeepsie Tapes 2007-04-27 Horror John Erick Dowdle Brothers Dowdle Productions
Poughkeepsie Films
August Underground's Penance 2007-04-30 Horror Fred Vogel Toetag Pictures
Long Pigs 2007-09-06 Horror Chris Power Clowns After Midnight Productions
Jordan Entertainment
Chris Bridges Effects Studio
Head Case 2007-09-08 Horror Anthony Spadaccini Fleet Street Films
B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc.
Exhibit A 2007-10-01 Drama, Thriller Dom Rotheroe Warp Films
Paranormal Activity 2007-10-14 Supernatural horror Oren Peli Blumhouse Productions
Death of a Ghost Hunter 2007-10-28 Horror Sean Tretta Ominous Productions
Live! 2007-11-01 Drama Bill Guttentag Atlas Entertainment
REC 2007-11-23 Horror Jaume Balagueró
Paco Plaza
Castelao Producciones
Filmax
Look 2007-12-14 Drama Adam Rifkin Captured Films
Monster 2008-01-15 Action, Thriller Erik Estenberg The Asylum
Cloverfield 2008-01-18 Science fiction, Monster film Matt Reeves Bad Robot Productions
Diary of the Dead 2008-02-15 Horror George A. Romero Artfire Films
Romero-Grunwald Productions
Home Movie 2008-07-10 Horror Christopher Denham Modernciné
Quarantine 2008-10-10 Science fiction, Horror John Erick Dowdle Vertigo Entertainment
Andale Pictures
Filmax Entertainment
Lunopolis 2009–??-?? Science fiction Matthew Avant Media Savant
Occult 2009-02-28 Horror Kōji Shiraishi Image Rings
Creative Axa Company Ltd.
Evil Things 2009-08-13 Horror Dominic Perez Go Show Media
District 9 2009-08-13 Action, Science fiction Neill Blomkamp QED International
WingNut Films
The Ritual 2009-08-15 Drama Anthony Spadaccini Fleet Street Films
B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc.
Trash Humpers 2009-9-12 Comedy, Drama, Horror Harmony Korine Alcove Entertainment
Warp Films
O' Salvation
REC 2 2009-10-02 Horror Jaume Balagueró
Paco Plaza
Castelao Producciones
Filmax
Murder Collection V.1[8] 2009-05-1 Horror Fred Vogel Toetag Pictures
Paranormal Entity 2009-12-22 Supernatural horror Shane Van Dyke The Asylum
Bachiatari Bōryoku Ningen 2012–??-?? Black Comedy Kōji Shiraishi
Love Sex aur Dhokha 2010-03-19 Comedy, Drama Dibakar Banerjee Freshwater Films
Lake Mungo 2010-03-23 Horror Joel Anderson Screen Australia
Eyes in the Dark 2010-04-25 Horror Bjorn Anderson Emerald City Pictures
Hotel Hollywood 2010-07-23 Comedy, Horror Param Gill G S Productions
Shirome 2010-08-13 Horror Kōji Shiraishi Stardust Promotion
Shirome Project Partners
The Last Exorcism 2010-08-27 Horror Daniel Stamm Strike Entertainment
StudioCanal
Arcade Pictures
Undocumented 2010-09-?? Horror Chris Peckover Sheperd Glen Productions
The Virginity Hit 2010-09-10 Comedy Huck Botko & Andrew Gurland Gary Sanchez Productions
8213: Gacy House 2010-09-28 Horror Anthony Fankhauser The Asylum
Atrocious 2010-10-15 Horror Fernando Barreda Luna Nabu Films
Silencio Rodamos
Programa Ibermedia
Paranormal Activity 2 2010-10-22 Supernatural horror Tod Williams Blumhouse Productions
Trollhunter 2010-10-29 Fantasy, Monster film André Øvredal Filmkameratene A/S
Film Fund FUZZ
Unaware 2010-11-13 Science fiction, Horror Sean Bardin
Robert Cooley
Cooley Productions
Paranormal Activity 2: Tokyo Night 2010-11-20 Supernatural horror Toshikazu Nagae Presidio Corporation
Anneliese: The Exorcist Tapes 2011-03-01 Horror Jude Gerard Prest The Asylum
Ragini MMS 2011-03-13 Drama, Horror Pawan Kripalani Balaji Telefilms
The Tunnel 2011-05-18 Horror Carlo Ledesma DLSHS Film
Distracted Media
Zapruder's Other Films
Megan Is Missing 2011-05-?? Drama, Horror Michael Goi Trio Pictures
Grave Encounters 2011-06-01 Horror The Vicious Brothers Twin Engine Films
World of the Dead: The Zombie Diaries 2011-06-24 Horror Kevin Gates
Michael Bartlett
Off World Films
Bleeding Edge Films
Straightwire Films
Hollow 2011-07-31 Horror Michael Axelgaard Hollow Pictures
Tribeca Film
Untitled 2011-09-?? Drama, Horror Shaun Troke Shaunywa Films
Apollo 18 2011-09-02 Science fiction, Horror Gonzalo López-Gallego Bazelevs
The Tapes 2011-09-23 Horror Scott Bates
Lee Alliston
Darkside Pictures
Pure Film Productions
The Human Centipede II (Full Sequence) 2011-10-04 Horror Tom Six IFC Midnight
Paranormal Activity 3 2011-10-21 Supernatural horror Henry Joost
Ariel Schulman
Blumhouse
The Amityville Haunting 2011-12-?? Horror Geoff Meed The Asylum
Taut Productions
Chō Akunin 2011–??-?? Drama Kōji Shiraishi Tokyo Raiders
The Devil Inside 2012-01-06 Supernatural horror William Brent Bell Insurge Pictures
V/H/S 2012-01-22 Horror Ti West
Joe Swanberg
David Buckner
Adam Wingard
Glenn McQuaid
Radio Silence Productions
The Collective
Bloody Disgusting
Chronicle 2012-02-01 Science fiction, Superhero, Thriller Josh Trank Davis Entertainment
Project X 2012-03-02 Comedy Nima Nourizadeh Silver Pictures
Green Hat Films
Evidence 2012-03-12 Horror Howie Askins RynoRyder Productions
Hate Crime 2013–??-?? Horror James Cullen Bressack Psykik Junky Pictures
Apartment 143 2012-05-04 Horror Carles Torrens Werc Werk Works
Kasdan Pictures
Likely Story
Chernobyl Diaries 2012-05-25 Horror Brad Parker Lionsgate
Warner Bros.
100 Ghost Street: The Return of Richard Speck 2012-07-24 Horror Martin Anderson The Asylum
The Dinosaur Project 2012-08-10 Adventure Sid Bennett Moonlighting Films
A Night in the Woods 2012-09-07 Horror Richard Parry Richard Parry
End of Watch 2012-09-08 Thriller, Police Procedural David Ayer StudioCanal
The Conspiracy 2012-09-20 Horror Christopher MacBride Resolute Films and Entertainment
Grave Encounters 2 2012-10-02 Horror John Poliquin Arclight Films
Paranormal Activity 4 2012-10-19 Supernatural horror Henry Joost
Ariel Schulman
Room 101
The Bay 2012-11-02 Science fiction, Horror Barry Levinson Lionsgate
30 Nights of Paranormal Activity with the Devil Inside the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo 2013–01-15 Horror comedy parody Craig Moss
A Haunted House 2013-01-11 Comedy, Horror, Parody Michael Tiddes Open Road Films
The Upper Footage 2013-01-31 Crime, Drama, Thriller Justin Cole
Dabbe: Curse of the Jinn 2013-08-2 Super natural, Horror Hasan Karacadağ Hasan Karacadağ
Devil's Pass 2013-02-28 Horror Renny Harlin
Alexander Rodnyansky
Non-Stop Productions
Midnight Sun Pictures
K. Jam Media
The Frankenstein Theory 2013-03-01 Horror Andrew Weiner Rocket
Inner Station
Therapy Content
Arctic Film Group
Cult 2013-04-04 Horror Kōji Shiraishi
Scary Movie 5 2013-04-12 Comedy, Horror, Parody Malcolm D. Lee
David Zucker
Dimension Films
The Weinstein Company
Zucker Productions
Willow Creek 2013-04-29 Horror Bobcat Goldthwait Jerkschool Productions
V/H/S/2 2013-06-06 Horror Simon Barrett
Jason Eisener
Gareth Evans
Gregg Hale
Eduardo Sánchez
Timo Tjahjanto
Adam Wingard
The Collective
Bloody Disgusting


Haxan Films
Europa Report 2013-08-02 Science fiction Sebastián Cordero Wayfare Entertainment Ventures
The Borderlands 2013-08-24 Horror Elliot Goldner Metrodome Distribution
The Paranormal Diaries: Clophill 2013-08-24 Horror Kevin Gates
Michael Bartlett
Second Sight Films
Head Cases: Serial Killers in the Delaware Valley 2013-09-28 Horror Anthony Spadaccini Fleet Street Films
B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc.
The Dirties 2013-10-04 Comedy-drama Matt Johnson SModcast Pictures
Sx Tape 2013-10-10 Horror Bernard Rose Aeroplano
La.Lune Entertainment
Hooked Up 2013-10-15 Spanish comedy horror Uncork'd Entertainment
Skinwalker Ranch 2013-10-30 Horror, Mystery, Sci-Fi Devin McGinn
Steve Berg
DeepStudios
6-5=2 2013-11-29 Horror KS Ashoka Swarnalatha Production[9]
Best Night Ever 2013-12-26 Comedy Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer Magnet Releasing
Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones 2014-01-03 Supernatural horror Christopher Landon Paramount Pictures
Devil's Due 2014-01-17 Supernatural horror Matt Bettinelli-Olpin
Tyler Gillett
Davis Entertainment
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
Black Water Vampire 2014-01-24 Horror Evan Tramel BWV Productions
Ruthless Pictures
Exists 2014-03-07 Horror Eduardo Sánchez Lionsgate
Haxan Films
Court Five
Open Windows 2014-03-10 Technothriller Nacho Vigalondo Antena 3 Films
Apaches Entertainment
Spiderwood Studios
Wild Bunch
SpectreVision
The Den 2014-03-14 Horror Zachary Donohue Cliffbrook Films
Onset Films
Afflicted 2014-04-04 Horror Derek Lee
Clif Prowse
Automatik Entertainment
Téléfilm Canada
Babysitting 2014-04-16 Comedy Nicolas Benamou
Philippe Lacheau
Axel Films
Madame Films
Cinéfrance 1888
Good Lap Production
A Haunted House 2 2014-04-18 Comedy, Horror, Parody Michael Tiddes IM Global Octane

Baby Way Productions
The Sacrament 2014-05-01 Horror Ti West Worldview Entertainment
Arcade Pictures
Alien Abduction 2014-05-04 Horror Matty Beckerman

Next Entertainment
Lawrence Bender Productions
Mob Scene Creative Productions
Inner Demons 2014-06-14 Horror Seth Grossman Schorr Pictures
Earth to Echo 2014-07-02 Science fiction, Family Dave Green Relativity Media
Into the Storm 2014-08-08 Disaster film Steven Quale New Line Cinema
Village Roadshow Pictures
The Possession of Michael King 2014-08-22 Horror David Jung Gold Circle Films
Quickfire Films
As Above, So Below 2014-08-29 Horror, Thriller John Erick Dowdle Universal Pictures
Legendary Pictures
The Hunted 2014-09-09 Thriller Josh Stewart Fortress Features
Allegheny Image Factory
Gore, Quebec[10] 2014-10-14 Horror Jean Benoit Lauzon Green Lake Films
The Taking of Deborah Logan 2014-10-21 Horror Adam Robitel Eagle Films
Millennium Entertainment
Hangar 10 2014-10-22 Horror, Sci-Fi, Thriller Daniel Simpson Newscope Films
V/H/S: Viral 2014-11-21 Horror Nacho Vigalondo
Marcel Sarmiento
Gregg Bishop
Justin Benson
Todd Lincoln
Bloody Disgusting
The Collective
Haxan Films
The Pyramid 2014-12-05 Supernatural horror Grégory Levasseur Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
The Atticus Institute 2015-01-23 Horror Chris Sparling
Project Almanac 2015-01-30 Science fiction adventure Dean Israelite Insurge Pictures
Platinum Dunes
MTV Films
Ghoul 2015-02-26 Horror Petr Jákl jr. J.B.J Film
Creep 2015-03-08 Horror comedy Patrick Brice Blumhouse Productions
Nightlight 2015-03-27[11] Horror-thriller Scott Beck, Bryan Woods Herrick Entertainment
The Final Project 2015-04-16[12] Supernatural horror Taylor Ri'chard Cavu Pictures
Unfriended 2015-04-17 Supernatural Horror Levan Gabriadze Universal Studios
Blumhouse Productions
Area 51 2015-05-15 Science fiction horror Oren Peli Paramount Pictures
The Phoenix Incident 2015-06-16 Documentary, Mystery, Sci-Fi Keith Arem PCB Productions
The Cutting Room 2015-06-?? Horror Warren Dudley Itchy Fish Film
The Gallows 2015-07-10 Supernatural Horror Travis Cluff, Chris Lofing New Line Cinema
Blumhouse Productions
Management 360
Tremendum Pictures
JeruZalem 2015-07-10 Supernatural Horror Doron Paz
Yoav Paz
Universal Pictures
The Visit 2015-09-11 Horror M. Night Shyamalan Blinding Edge Pictures
Blumhouse Productions
Universal Pictures
Hell House LLC 2015-10-15 Horror
Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension 2015-10-23 Supernatural horror Gregory Plotkin Paramount Pictures
Unlisted Owner 2016–??-?? Horror Jed Brian Lawford County Productions
Aksbandh 2016-04-20 Horror Emran Hussain Cinematic Media
Population Zero 2016-04-26 Horror Adam Levins A71 Entertainment
Operation Avalanche 2016-09-16 Thriller Matt Johnson Vice Films
Blair Witch 2016-09-16 Horror Adam Wingard Lionsgate Pictures
Be My Cat: A Film for Anne 2016-12-05[13] Psychological Horror Adrian Țofei Adrian Țofei
The Lost Case 2017-02-09 Horror Chayan Itthijatuporn Kantana Group
The Dark Tapes 2017-03-17 Sci-Fi & Supernatural Horror Michael McQuown Epic Pictures Group
Phoenix Forgotten 2017-04-21 Horror, Mystery, Sci-Fi Justin Barber Cinelou Films
Scott Free Productions
#FromJennifer 2017-09-26 Horror comedy Frank Merle Lone Morsel Productions
Found Footage 3D 2017-10-12 Horror Steven DeGennaro The Ubiquitous Studio 42
Unfriended: Dark Web 2018-03-09 Horror Stephen Susco BH Productions
Universal Studios
The Devil's Doorway 2018-05-25 Supernatural horror Aislinn Clarke 23ten
The Other Side of the Wind 2018-08-31 Comedy, Drama Orson Welles Royal Road Entertainment
Searching 2018-08-31 Thriller, Mystery, Drama Aneesh Chaganty Bazelevs Company

Screen Gems

Stage 6 Films

Host 2020-07-30 Horror Rob Savage Shadowhouse Films

Shudder

The Widow 2020-10-29 Supernatural horror Ivan Minin QS Films
The Medium 2021-07-11 Supernatural horror Banjong Pisanthanakun GDH 559

Showbox

Vazhiye 2021–??-?? Horror, Mystery, Thriller Nirmal Baby Varghese Casablanca Film Factory
Dwellers 2021-10-12 Horror Drew Fortier Ellefson Films

TV series, made-for-TV specials and TV episodes[]

  • Alternative 3 (1977)
  • Alien Autopsy: (Fact or Fiction?) (1995)
  • Alien Abduction: Incident in Lake County (1998) – UPN aired a 60-minute version with more interviews
  • Jeopardy (2002) (BBC series)
  • Ed, Edd n Eddy, episode: "An Ed is Born" In this episode where Eddy decides to make a home movie of himself to show his brother how 'grown up' he has become by using Ed's Video Camera. (2002)[note 1]
  • The Comeback (2003) (series)
  • Lost Tapes (2008–2010) (series)
  • Marble Hornets (2009–2014) (YouTube series)
  • The River (2012) (series)
  • Ultimate Spider-Man, episode: "Exclusive" (2012)[note 1]
  • Lassie Jerky, an episode of Psych that was partially filmed as found footage (2013)
  • Sleep No More, the ninth episode of Doctor Who Series 9 (2015)
  • American Horror Story: Roanoke (2016) (FX series)
  • Steven Universe, episode: "The Big Show" (2018)[note 1]
  • Inside No. 9, episode: "Cold Comfort", a story about a call centre, told through the CCTV Camera. (2018)
  • Clarence, episode: "Clarence The Movie" (2018)[note 1]
  • Flag

Music videos[]

  • "Drag the Waters" by Pantera (1996)
  • "Babalon A.D." by Cradle of Filth (2003)
  • "Decency Defied" by Cannibal Corpse (2004)
  • "Walk with Me in Hell" by Lamb of God (2006)
  • "Dull Boy" by Mudvayne (2007)
  • "Beauty and a Beat" by Justin Bieber ft. Nicki Minaj (2012)
  • "I Need Your Love" by Calvin Harris ft. Ellie Goulding (2012)
  • "Run on Love" by Tove Lo ft. Lucas Nord (2013)
  • "One Last Time" by Ariana Grande (2015)
  • "Photograph" by Ed Sheeran (2015)
  • "Run Away with Me" by Carly Rae Jepsen (2015)
  • "All Night" by The Vamps (2016)
  • "All We Know" by The Chainsmokers ft. Phoebe Ryan (2016)
  • "Galway Girl" by Ed Sheeran (2017)
  • "What Lovers Do" (Lyric Video) by Maroon 5 ft. SZA (2017)
  • "Christmas Tree Farm" by Taylor Swift (2019)

Web series[]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ a b c d Though the episode was animated, it is done in the style of found footage.

References[]

  1. ^ Bordwell, David (13 November 2012). "Return to Paranormalcy". davidbordwell.net. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  2. ^ "Found Footage Film Genre – Found Footage Critic". Found Footage Critic. Found Footage Critic [Michael Steinberg]. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  3. ^ "Visual Trends: A History of the Found Footage Genre". Videomaker. Retrieved 2019-08-28.
  4. ^ Eggertsen, Chris. "From 'Blair Witch' to 'Project Almanac': A history of the found footage genre". Hitflix. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  5. ^ "Editorial: An Apologist's Rant: In Defense of Found Footage". Dread Central. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
  6. ^ Tobias, Scott. "V/H/S". AV Club. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  7. ^ Topel, Fred. "Christopher Landon interview". Crave. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  8. ^ Alexandra Heller-Nicholas (2014). Found Footage Horror Films: Fear and the Appearance of Reality. McFarland & Company. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-7864-7077-8. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  9. ^ 6-5=27.140 personen vinden dit leuk · 544 praten hierover. "6-5=2". Facebook. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  10. ^ Brownridge, William (13 November 2014). "Review: Gore, Quebec". thetfs.ca. Toronto Film Scene. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  11. ^ "Nightlight Trailer Flickers On – Dread Central". www.dreadcentral.com.
  12. ^ Fuelier, Herman (2015-04-15). "Church Point native directs horror film in local setting". The Daily Advertiser. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
  13. ^ "Release Info". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-05-18.

External links[]

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