Garhwali people

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Garhwali people
Regions with significant populations
Garhwal (Uttarakhand, India)
Languages
Garhwali
Religion
Om.svg Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
other Indo-Aryans, Kumaoni people, Khas people

The Garhwali people are an Indian ethnolinguistic group native to the Garhwal, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, who speak Garhwali, an Indo-Aryan language.

Etymology[]

In modern usage, "Garhwali" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, and ancestral or genetic origins is from the Garhwal Himalayas. Their ethnonym is derived from the word ‘Garhwal’ or 'Gadwal'. The exact origin of the word Garhwal is unknown. However, it is believed to be derived from the title ‘Garh-wala’ (owner of forts) given to the ruler Mayal, who is said to have consolidated 52 principalities to form the kingdom in the 14th century. After this conquest, the domain under Mayal is said to have been called ‘Garhwal’, possibly due to the numerous forts in the region.

Prior to Mayal, the name of the area and its people was unknown. However, some historians like "Atkinson" have alluded to ‘Khas-des’ (Land of the Khasas), and "Sircar" has stated that ‘Stri-Rajya’ (Kingdom of Women) is the ancient name of Garhwal and Kumaon. However, there are no evidences to corroborate these claims.

The earliest reference to this region are found in the Skanda Purana which describes its names as Kedar Khand and Himvat respectively.'. It describes the area that contained Gangadwar (Haridwar and Kankhala), Badrinath, Gandhamardan, and Kailash.[1]

Garhwal Kingdom[]

Main article: Garhwal Kingdom
Location of Uttarakhand within India.
Location of Garhwal in Uttarakhand.
Portrait of a couple in a village at Uttarakhand, India

The Kingdom of Garhwal was founded by Mayal Rajputs nearly 1000 years ago. The area comprises 52 principalities called garhs (fortresses). These were small and had their own chiefs who were responsible for the welfare of the garhs. The Mayal dynasty ruled the Kingdom until 1803 before the "Gurkhas" invaded Kumaon and Garhwal. Gurkhas defeated Garhwal king and ruled for over twelve years. These Gurkha raided in the British territories that led to broke out the Anglo–Nepalese War in 1814.

At the end of the Anglo–Nepalese War, Garhwal Kingdom and Kumaon Kingdom were known as the British districts. However, Tehri's principality was left to King Sudarshan Shah, son of king Pradymun. A part of this kingdom was taken by the British, and later, it became known as the British Garhwal which spread over the area of 5,629  mi2 (14,580  km2). After the British rule, Garhwal made rapid development. Two battalions of the Indian army (the 39th Garhwal Rifles) were deployed in the area, stationed at the military cantonment of Lansdowne. Grain was one of the major corps of this area. Apart from this, cloth, while salt, borax, livestock, and wool were imported from Tibet. The administrative headquarters of the area were established at Pauri. Srinagar (Garhwal) was the largest city and served as an important trade center along with the town of Kotdwara which is situated at Oudh and Rohilkhand railway tracks. Later, it became a part of the Punjab Hill States Agency of British India. Most of the Uttarkashi district acceded to the Union of India in 1949.

Garhwali are known for their courage because they were preferred by the British as an army. Garhwali Kingdom was one of the few kingdoms that never came under the Muslim rule influence.

The history of Garhwal is older than that of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Worshipping Lord Shiva is attributing reverent honour and homage to him. According to the great Mahabharata, Garhwal is believed to be the land where the Vedas and the Shastras were made.[2]

Language[]

Main article: Garhwali language

The Garhwali language (गढ़वळि भाख/भासा) is primarily spoken by the Garhwali people of the north-western Garhwal Division from the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas. The Garhwali language is classified as a Central Pahari language belonging to the Northern Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. Garhwali is one of the 325 recognised languages of India[3] which is spoken by over 2,267,314 people[4] such as Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar and Rudraprayag districts of Uttarakhand.[5]

The language has many regional dialects including:[6] Srinagari, Tehri (Gangapariya), Badhani, Dessaulya, Lohbya, Majh-Kumaiya, Bhattiani, Nagpuriya, Rathi, Salani (Pauri), Ravai, Parvati, Jaunpuri, Gangadi (Uttarkashi), Chandpuri. Srinagari dialect is the literary standard, while Pauri is generally regarded as the prominent one.

However, for a number of reasons, Garhwali is a rapidly shrinking language. The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages book authored by "Theo Baumann" has described Garhwali language one of the moribund languages that needs to be protected.[7]

Local deities[]

Chota Char Dham
Yamunotri
Gangotri
Kedarnath
Badrinath
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Chandrabadni Devi Temple is located in Tehri Garhwal. The temple can be reached either from 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) long rout Kandikhal to Srinagar-Tehri or 9 kilometres (5.6 mi)) long Jamnikhal en route Dev Prayag-Tehri via a link road of Jurana. It can also be reached via (1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi)) long bridle path.

The temple administration body organises several annual events including cultural and religious seminars.[8]

Rudraprayag
Umranarayan.jpg
Umra Narayan Koteshwar Mahadev
Dhari Devi.jpg Kalimathmaa.jpg
Dhari Devi Kalimath

Umra Narayan is situated between the mystic and peaceful hills of Rudraprayag where "Devine" temple of Lord Umra Narayan (Isth Dev of gram sann) is located. According to mythology, this temple was built during the time of Adi Shankracharya, and is believed that it was constructed by Adi Shankracharya when he was on his way to Lord Badrinath's temple. The temple has been now renovated and is 5–7 kilometres (3.1–4.3 mi) away from the central city of Rudraprayag.

It is also believed that most of the "Isth Devas" in the Garhwal region are the incarnation of "Lord Vishnu" (Narsingh Dev JI), and sometimes even the incarnation of "Vishnu" itself.

Koteshwar Mahadev is located about three kilometres inside the 'heart' of Rudraprayag, Koteshwar Mahadev temple. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This place is presumed to be the same spot where Lord Shiva was stopped for meditation where he was on his way to Kedarnath. According to local mythology, this temple has its presence since the time of Bhasmasur (the Deadly Asur/demon), who received a boon from "Shiva" that turned a head into Bhasma or ashes whenever he touched with boon to anyone's head. Lord Shiva accompanied by another one reached to a cave which was the home of Lord Shiva, and finally lord "Vishnu" helped him by killing the demon. The temple is filled with fantastic energy/aura, and one can feel it. Few drops of water are continually running through the hill.

Dhari Devi temple of "Dhari Devi" is situated on the banks of the river Alaknanda. One has to travel 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Srinagar (Pauri Garhwal) on Srinagar-Badrinath highway to Kaliya Saur, and then turn down where one has to travel half of a kilometre towards Alaknanda river. The upper part of Goddess "Kali" is worshipped here. According to the local people, the face of the idol changes as a girl, a woman, and an old lady according to the passage of time. This idol is located in an open area. Many times, villagers and some philanthropists tried to build a roof for Goddess, but their efforts returned empty handed as the roof gets dismantle every time. As per "Srimad Devi Bhagwat", there are 108 Shakti Peeth as in India, and this holy shrine is one of them.

Kalimath, also known as "Kaviltha", is a village which is regarded as a divine place and Shakti Peeth. It lies at an altitude of around 6,000 feet (1,800 m) on the river Saraswati in the Himalayas, surrounded by the peaks of Kedarnath in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. Kalimath is situated close to Ukhimath and Guptakashi. It is one of the "Siddha Peeths" of the region and is regarded a respectful place with religious importance. The temple of the goddess Kali is located in this village and is visited by many devotees throughout the year, especially during the "Navratras". There are 108 Shakti Peethas in India, and this holy shrine is one of them as described in the "Srimad Devi Bhagwat". The upper part of goddess Kali is worshipped in "Dhari Devi". Goddess Kali killed the demon "Raktavija" here in this area. After killing the demon, they went under the earth.

Notable people[]

Film and television[]

Bollywood[]

  • Brijendra Kala (actor, dialogue writer)
  • Chitrashi Rawat (actress)
  • Deepak Dobriyal (actor)
  • Himani Shivpuri (actress)
  • Priyanshu Painyuli (actor)
  • Sanjay Khanduri (director)
  • Tigmanshu Dhulia (dialogue writer, director, actor, screenwriter, producer and casting director)
  • Urvashi Rautela (actress)
  • Varun Badola (actor)
  • Anushka Sharma (actress)
  • Tripti Dimri (actress)
  • Jagat Rawat (actor)
  • Madhurima Tuli (actress)
  • (actor/director)

Television[]

Radio[]

Beauty pageants[]

  • Anukriti Gusain (actress, Femina Miss India, Miss Asia Pacific World 2014)
  • Manasvi Mamgai (model, Femina Miss India 2010)

Hollywood[]

  • Navi Rawat (Indian-American actress)

Music[]

Bollywood[]

  • Jubin Nautiyal

Folk music[]

  • Basanti Bisht (folk singer, Padma Shri award recipient)
  • Chander Singh Rahi (folk singer, composer, poet musician)
  • (folk writer, poet, artist & Singer) Who written and sang first Garhwali song "Raat Ghana ghor maaji" on Radio, broadcast by Najibabad radia station in 1968-1969.
  • Jeet Singh Negi (folk singer)
  • Meena Rana (folk singer)
  • Narendra Singh Negi (folk singer and composer, Padma Shri and Sangeet Natak Akademi Award recipient)
  • Pritam Bhartwan (folk singer, Padma Shri award recipient)

Art[]

  • Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna (Hindi writer and poet)
  • Ganga Prasad Vimal (Hindi writer and poet)
  • Leeladhar Jagudi (Hindi writer, poet, Padma Shri and Sahitya Akademi Award recipient)
  • Manglesh Dabral (Hindi writer, poet and journalist, Sahitya Akademi Award recipient)
  • Mola Ram (18th century Indian painter, who originated the Garhwal branch of the Pahari/Kangra school of painting)
  • Ranbir Singh Bisht (Indian painter and the Principal of the College of Fine Arts, Lucknow University, Padma Shri and Lalit Kala Akademi Fellowship recipient)
  • Taradutt Gairola (lawyer, author, editer)
  • Viren Dangwal (Hindi writer, poet, journalist and academician, Sahitya Akademi Award recipient)

Social work and activism[]

Indian independence movement[]

  • Nagendra Saklani (Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter)
  • Ram Prasad Nautiyal (Indian freedom fighter and politician)
  • Sri Dev Suman (Indian freedom fighter, journalist and civil rights leader)

Historical figures[]

  • Teelu Rauteli, folk heroin of Garhwal, Uttarakhand

Religion[]

  • Dabral Baba (Indian yogi and mystic)
  • Hans Maharaj (Indian spiritual leader)
  • Prem Rawat (Indian American spiritual leader, founder of the Divine Light Mission)
  • Swami Rama (founder of the Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust)

Swami Satyanand saraswati

Science and academics[]

Indian Armed Forces[]

Gallantry award recipients[]

Prominent names[]

Bureaucracy[]

  • Ajit Doval, National Security Adviser of India, Kirti Chakra, President's Police Medal and Police Medal recipient
  • Anil Dhasmana, former chief of the Research and Analysis Wing, the external intelligence agency of India

Judiciary[]

Politics[]

Business and industry[]

  • P. L. Gairola, Indian banker, former chairman of Dena Bank
  • O. P. Bhatt, Indian banker, 22nd Chairman of the State Bank of India

Sports[]

Mountaineering[]

  • Arvind Raturi (Mountaineer, scaled Mount Everest as a part of the NCC Mount Everest Expedition Team in 2013)
  • Major Harsh Vardhan Bahuguna (Mountaineer, Padma Shri recipient (posthumous))
  • Major Jai Vardhan Bahuguna (Mountaineer, Shaurya Chakra recipient (posthumous))
  • Mohan Singh Gunjyal (Indo Tibet Border Police) Summitted Mount Everest. Recipient of Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award and Padma Shri.
  • Kanhaya Lal Pokhriyal (Indian Police officer and mountaineer, summited Mount Everest, Padma Shri recipient)
  • Major Narendra Dhar Jayal (Mountaineer, founding principal of the Himalayan Mountaineering Institute at Darjeeling)
  • Bachendri Pal (first Indian woman to reach summit of Mt. Everest, Padma Bhushan)

Shooting[]

  • Jaspal Rana (Commonwealth Games gold medalist in shooting, Padma Shri recipient)
  • Sushma Rana (2006 Commonwealth Games at Melbourne)

Chess[]

  • Parimarjan Negi (third-youngest chess grand-master in history, Arjuna Award 2010)

Athletics[]

  • Manish Rawat (Race-walker), 2016 Rio Olympics)[9]

Cricket[]

  • Pawan Suyal (First-class cricketer, Left-arm medium-pace bowler, plays for Delhi cricket team in domestic cricket, currently a part of Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League)[10][11]
  • Preeti Dimri (Player for India women's national cricket team)
  • Rishabh Pant (Player for India national cricket team) Wikipedia

Football[]

See also[]

  • Garhwal division
  • Garhwal Rifles
  • Kumaoni people

References[]

  1. ^ Rawat, Ajay S. Garhwal Himalayas: A Study in Historical Perspective.
  2. ^ Service, Tribune News. "Kingdom that Mughals could never win". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
  3. ^ "India languages". We make learning fun. Hindikids. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  4. ^ "Census of India - Statement 1". 6 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  5. ^ Claus-Peter Zoller (March 1997). "Garhwali. A language of India". Ethnologue. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  6. ^ "Garhwali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  7. ^ "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". UNESCO. Retrieved 14 May 2013. Search 'Garhwali'
  8. ^ "Chandrabadni Devi Temple". euttaranchal.com. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
  9. ^ "Dehradun's Manish to represent India in Japan's Asian Walking Championship 2017 - Himalayan Buzz". Himalayan Buzz. 12 February 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  10. ^ NDTVSports.com. "Pawan Suyal Profile - Cricket Player,India|Pawan Suyal Stats, Ranking, Records inCricket -NDTV Sports". NDTVSports.com. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  11. ^ "7 Popular Cricket Players from Uttarakhand - Himalayan Buzz". Himalayan Buzz. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

External links[]

https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/supporting-actor/sachin-negi

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