Gatta gusthi

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Gatta gusthi
Village Wrestlers.jpg
Freestyle gusthi
Highest governing bodyKerala State Gatta Gusthi Association
NicknamesIndian style wrestling
First played1900s
ClubsLess than 50
Characteristics
ContactYes
Team membersSingle competitors
Mixed genderNo
TypeOutdoor
Presence
Country or regionKerala, India
OlympicNo

Gatta gusthi is a form of submission wrestling practised in the state of Kerala, India. It is competed inside an open ring on the ground known as godha, usually on a beach; wrestlers are called phayalvans. The sport comprises around 100 techniques. Gatta gusthi was popular in the state until late 1960s with the arrival of freestyle wrestling and karate. The freestyle form is known simply as gusthi.

History[]

Students training on a gymnastic bar in Malabar in 1905.

Gatta gusthi developed into a major sporting event during the reign of erstwhile Cochin and Travancore kingdoms of present-day Kerala. Kochi was a major hub of the sport. As a source of entertainment, gatta gusthi events were organised regularly in various parts of the state. It reached its prime between 1945 and 1970. Some of the distinguished phayalvans (wrestlers) during that time were Manacaud Narayana Pillai, Polachira Ramachandran, Kattuchira Pappudas, Shankar Singh, Kayamkulam Dhayanandhan, Electric Moideen Kunj, Aslam Basheer, Kollam Rasheed, Nickel Jamal among others.[1]

Gatta gusthi was particularly in demand in Kochi, Kollam, and Manacaud.[2] Kollam used to have three permanent godhas (wrestling ring).[3] Fort Kochi beach used to host regular championship bouts till early 1970.[4] Gatta gusthi remained a major sporting event in the state till late 1960s.[5] It started fading after the introduction of freestyle wrestling in the state. Known simply as gusthi, freestyle wrestling was registered as a sport in Ernakulam district in 1969.[6] In modern day, gatta gusthi is limited to certain events organised by aficionados.[5]

Traditional Indian martial arts and combat sports started fading after the arrival of karate in the later half of 20th century. In 1970s, there was an influx of martial arts films from abroad and Indians began travelling to East Asia in large numbers to learn karate and returned to open karate schools across the Indian subcontinent, not only in cities but also in small towns and villages. In 1980s, karate-style action sequences became regular in mainstream Indian cinema and articles and news on karate were frequently appearing on magazines and newspapers. Beside, state police forces across India began including karate in their police training.[7]

As part of reviving the sport, former champion-turned-coach T. J. George has been training youngsters since his retirement.[8] He set up a gym, Cochin Grapplers, at Fort Kochi in 1986.[6] Both gatta gusthi and gusthi saw a resurgence of interest among youngsters after wrestlers Sushil Kumar, Yogeshwar Dutt and Sakshi Malik won medals at the Summer Olympics (2008, 2012, 2016)[2] and with the success of the film Dangal (2016) and Phogat sisters.[4] Gatta gusthi is yet to receive recognition from the Kerala State Sports Council.[1]

Characteristics[]

Gatta gusthi is similar to maati kushti (mud wrestling) of North India. Bouts are evaluated by a referee and no judges are present.[6] There are around 100 techniques in gatta gusthi.[4] It is contested on a ring known as godha and wrestlers are called phayalvans.[2] Participants wear minimal clothing, normally just briefs and are barefoot.[9] Match takes place on a sand-laden ground. There are no weight classes in gatta gusthi, bouts can be matched between any weights. Bout is won when any one wrestler pins the other to the ground. In gatta gusthi, opponent's garment can be used as an advantage, which is illegal in freestyle wrestling. Gatta gusthi has more techniques than freestyle wrestling and many of them are illegal in the latter for the risk involved.[1] The main difference between gatta gusthi and freestyle wrestling is the duration and point system. Freestyle bouts are three rounds of two minutes each, while gatta gusthi can go as long as 30 minutes or until there is a winner. If points are tied, they may go for another round.[5]

Competitions[]

In present day, gatta gusthi is also known by or promoted under the name "Indian style wrestling". Ring is eight meter in diameter. Kerala State Indian Style Wrestling Association organises regular state championships for the title "Kerala Kesari".[9] Kerala State Gatta Gusthi Association and Cochin Grapplers club together organises Indian Style Wrestling (Gatta Gusthi) Championship at Fort Kochi for the "Gatta Gusthi Kesari" title.[10] Gatta gusthi is an event at the 11-day long The Beach Carnival and Games held at Puthuvype Beach, organised by the Government of Kerala and Ernakulam District Sports Council to promote rural sports to enhance the lives of local fishermen and tourism in beaches.[11] Ghatta gusthi is a regular sporting event at the annual Cochin Carnival held at Fort Kochi.[12] In 2020, Kerala Excise organised a competition at Fort Kochi as part of "Vimukthi", an anti-narcotics and de-addiction campaign by the government.[13]

In popular culture[]

Gatta gusthi and phayalvans are featured in the Malayalam films Oridathoru Phayalvaan (1981), Mutharamkunnu P.O. (1985), and Godha (2017).[2] Former champion and coach T. J. George wrote the book Kerala Gatta Gusthi in Malayalam explaining different steps and styles of gatta gusthi, which was published in 2016. George trained actor Tovino Thomas for the film Godha. Kerala Financial Corporation made a documentary film on the sport in 2016.[6] Gatta gusthi is featured in the film Thuramukham (2021 film).[1]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d P., Anand (8 August 2021). "Understanding Gatta Gusthi: Kerala's own style of wrestling". Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Sathyendran, Nita (11 May 2017). "All set for the ring". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Kerala Gama Ramachandran passes away". The New Indian Express. 10 October 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  4. ^ a b c Sreemol, T. C. (13 January 2017). "Phogat effect: Kochi girls learning Gatta Gusti". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Times News Network (24 July 2016). "Gatta champs grapple to keep the sport alive". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d S., Priyadershini (27 July 2016). "On the Mat". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  7. ^ Zarrilli, Phillip B. (1998). When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Discourses, and Practices of Power in Kalarippayattu, a South Indian Martial Art. Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0195639405. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  8. ^ "Upholding 'Gatta Gusti' traditions". The New Indian Express. 16 June 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Gatta returns!". The New Indian Express. 6 February 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  10. ^ "David Philip wins 'Gatta Gusthi Kesari' title". The New Indian Express. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  11. ^ Staff Reporter (22 December 2019). "Puthuvype beach carnival to get under way today". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  12. ^ Our Correspondent (7 December 2019). "Cochin Carnival 2019-20 begins tomorrow". Malayala Manorama. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  13. ^ "ഫോർട്ടുകൊച്ചി കടപ്പുറത്ത് ഗാട്ടാ ഗുസ്തി; റസ്‌ലിങ് അക്കാദമിക്ക് കിരീടം". Mathrubhumi (in Malayalam). 24 February 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2021.

External links[]

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