Groupe du musée de l'Homme
The Groupe du musée de l'Homme (French for 'Group of the Museum of Man') was a movement in the French resistance to the German occupation during the Second World War.
In July 1940, after the Appeal of 18 June from Charles de Gaulle, a resistance group was created by intellectuals and academics led by Anatole Lewitsky and Boris Vildé, along with . They were not Gaullists; since they were prisoners of war (Vildé escaped on 5 July and Lewitsky was freed in August), it is highly improbable that they had heard de Gaulle's broadcast. However, once Gaullist propaganda took hold, with its message of escape from dishonour, the group fell in with it. Germaine Tillion said, "I do not remember from what date we started to call ourselves Gaullists: it was not at the beginning at any rate. But we did consider General de Gaulle to be right, or at least to be a man who thought as we did. But we knew nothing about him".[1] They were joined by other groups in September. Raymond Burgard, René Iché, Claude Aveline, , Jean Cassou (who launched the newspaper Résistance), René-Yves Creston, Germaine Tillion and her mother, Émilie Tillion, were also part of the network.
To prevent their meetings from attracting the attention of the Germans and the French police, they set up a "literary society", Les amis d'Alain-Fournier (The Friends of Alain-Fournier).
Members of the group[]
- , shot in February 1942 (Mont-Valérien, Suresnes)
- Claude Aveline (1901-1992)
- Jean Blanzat
- [2]
- Pierre Brossolette, (1903- died in detention in 1944 / 22.3.1944)
- Raymond Burgard, beheaded in 1944 (in Cologne / Köln), also a member of the Combat Zone North
- Jean-Paul Carrier
- Jean Cassou, launched the newspaper Résistance (1897-1986)
- René-Yves Creston, ethnologist and Breton nationalist
- Christiane Desroches Noblecourt
- Colette Duval (Colette Vivier)
- Jean Duval
- [3]
- Valentin Feldman
- Marcel Fleisser (-1945)
- Jeanne Goupille
- Jean Hamburger
- , co-founder of the network, died during deportation / died in the KZ Neuengamme
- [4]
- Agnès Humbert, deported
- René Iché
- , shot in February 1942 (Mont-Valérien, Suresnes)
- (1910-2006)
- [5]
- ( died in Sonnenburg
- (Comte) Jehan de Launoy
- Michel Leiris
- [6]
- Renée Lévy
- Anatole Lewitsky, shot in February 1942 (Mont-Valérien, Suresnes) , adjunct to Vildé
- Suzanne Lhuillier
- Éveline Lot-Falck
- (Capitain) Ernest Massip
- Marie-Josette Massip
- Thérèse Massip
- Jaques Monod
- , shot in February 1942 (Mont-Valérien, Suresnes)
- Yvonne Oddon[7]
- Jean Paulhan[8]
- Maguy Perrier
- Germaine Quoniam
- Paul Rivet
- , shot in February 1942 (Mont-Valérien, Suresnes)
- [9]
- Henri Simmonet[10]
- , died while being deported to Ravensbrück in 1945
- Germaine Tillion, head of the adjunct network around Hauet with the rank of commandant from 1941 to 1942, deported to Ravensbrück
- Boris Vildé, co-founder and leader of the network, shot in February 1942 (Mont-Valérien, Suresnes) [11]
- , shot in February 1942 (Mont-Valérien, Suresnes) [12]
- Henri Waquet
- ?
- Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz ?
References[]
- ^ Michal, Bernard (1968). Les grandes énigmes de la résistance. Paris 5e: Les Amis de l'Histoire. pp. 27–29.CS1 maint: location (link)
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Le réseau du musée de l'Homme | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
Bibliography[]
- AERI, La Résistance en Ile de France, DVD-Rom, 2004 (fiches Jean Cassou, René Iché, Germaine Tillion).
- Martin Blumenson, Le Réseau du Musée de l'Homme, Éditions Le Seuil, Paris, 1979.
- Sean Carroll, Brave Genius: A Scientist, A Philosopher, and their Daring Adventures from the French Resistance to the Nobel Prize, Crown Publishers, New York, 2013.
- Agnès Humbert, Résistance: A Woman's Journal of Struggle and Defiance in Occupied France, translated by Barbara Mellor, Bloomsbury, New York, 2008.
- Alan Riding, And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2010 (chapter six, "Resistance as an Idea," on the musée de l'Homme group).
External links (French)[]
- French Resistance networks and movements
- 1940 establishments in France
- Organizations established in 1940