Harir, Iraq

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For the village in Iran, see Harir, Iran.

Harir
Town
Harir.jpg
Harir is located in Iraq
Harir
Harir
Location in Iraq
Coordinates: 36°33′06″N 44°21′06″E / 36.5517°N 44.3516°E / 36.5517; 44.3516Coordinates: 36°33′06″N 44°21′06″E / 36.5517°N 44.3516°E / 36.5517; 44.3516
Country Iraq
Region Kurdistan Region
GovernorateErbil Governorate
DistrictShaqlawa District
Sub-districtHarir
Population
 (2014)[1]
 • Urban
28,518
 • Rural
9,954

Harir (Arabic: ھەرير,[2] Kurdish: ھەریر, romanized: Harîr)[3][4] is a town and sub-district in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The town is located in the Shaqlawa District.

In the town, there was a church of Mar Yohanna.[5]

History[]

Harir is mentioned by Evliya Çelebi in Seyahatnâme in the 17th century as part of Kurdistan.[6] The district was ruled by Mir Xanzad of the Soran Emirate during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV (r. 1623–1640).[7] The town was rebuilt in 1928 by Assyrian refugees, all of whom were adherents of the Church of the East and were originally from Shemsdin in the Hakkari mountains in Turkey, after they had departed the refugee camp at Baqubah in the aftermath of the Assyrian genocide in the First World War.[8] The church of Mar Yohanna was built soon after.[5]

By 1938, Harir was inhabited by 485 Assyrians in 78 families.[5] The town was destroyed and its population displaced by pro-government militia, who settled at Harir, in 1963 during the First Iraqi–Kurdish War, prior to which there were over 90 Assyrian households.[9] The discovery of a mass grave, in which 37 Assyrians from Harir were buried, was announced by Kurdistan Regional Government's Minister of Human Rights on 18 February 2006.[5]

A concentration camp was later established at Harir by the Iraqi government and used to intern over 300 Kurdish families of the Barzani tribe from the village of Argush who were forcibly deported there on 26 June 1978.[10] Amidst the 2003 invasion of Iraq, over one thousand paratroopers of the US 173rd Airborne Brigade landed at the airfield at Harir via airdrop on 26 March as part of Operation Northern Delay.[11]

Notable people[]

References[]

  1. ^ Ali Sindi; Ramanathan Balakrishnan; Gerard Waite (July 2018). "Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Demographic Survey" (PDF). ReliefWeb. International Organization for Migration. p. 74. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  2. ^ "Ḩarīr, Shaqlawa, Muḩāfaz̧at Arbīl, Iraq". Mindat.org. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  3. ^ "ھاتوچۆی بارھەڵگر لە ڕێگەی دووسایدی شەقڵاوە –ھەریر قەدەغە دەکرێت" (in Kurdish). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  4. ^ "Xîyaneta 'ohetê sînorî'". Yeni Özgür Politika (in Kurdish). 9 June 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d Donabed (2015), pp. 276–277.
  6. ^ Hamza (2020), p. 208.
  7. ^ Bengio (2016), p. 32.
  8. ^ "Population Project". Shlama Foundation. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  9. ^ Donabed (2015), pp. 158, 276–277.
  10. ^ Sadiq (2021), p. 103.
  11. ^ Shareef (2014), p. 159.

Bibliography[]

  • Bengio, Ofra (2016). "Game Changers: Kurdish Women in Peace and War". Middle East Institute. 70: 30–46.
  • Donabed, Sargon George (2015). Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Hamza, Ahmed Y. (2020). "A Contemporary Political History of the Kurds in Iran". In Mehmet Gurses; David Romano; Michael M. Gunter (eds.). The Kurds in the Middle East: Enduring Problems and New Dynamics. Lexington Books. pp. 207–228.
  • Sadiq, Ibrahim (2021). Origins of the Kurdish Genocide: Nation Building and Genocide as a Civilizing and De-Civilizing Process. Lexington Books.
  • Shareef, Mohammed (2014). The United States, Iraq and the Kurds: Shock, Awe and Aftermath. Routledge.
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