Harpalinae

Harpalinae
Undetermined Harpaline
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Carabidae
Subfamily:	Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810
Supertribes
Chlaeniitae Harpalitae Pterostichitae

Harpalinae is a huge subfamily of ground beetles that contains 20,000 species^{[citation needed]} or ~6,400 spp. in 24 tribes worldwide, according to others.^[1] A rarely used common name for the subfamily is the harp beetles^{[citation needed]}. The Harpalinae contain the most apomorphic ground beetles, displaying a wide range of forms and behaviors. Some are, rare among ground beetles, omnivores or even herbivores.

Many closely related subfamilies have been treated as subordinate taxa of the Harpalinae by various authors. Among these are the Dryptinae, Lebiinae (including , , , ), Licininae (including Chlaeniinae, Oodinae), Orthogoniinae, Panagaeinae, Platyninae, Pseudomorphinae, Pterostichinae (including ). Here, they are considered independent families within the harpaline (sensu lato) assemblage, and this is also tentatively assumed for the enigmatic monotypic genus Ginema.

Systematics[]

At least 4 large and several smaller supertribes can be distinguished. The former "Pterostichitae" on the other hand seem to be, as presently delimited, a paraphyletic assemblage, but probably also contains a number of tribes closer to each other than to other Harpalinae. The clade around the type genus Pterostichus is thus recognized as subfamily Pterostichinae here.^[2]

Genera[]

The Harpalinae include the following genera:^{[3][verification needed]}

Harpalus affinis

Chlaenius sp., larva

^[4]

Fossil genera[]

• † Beutel et al. 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian, Tribe

References[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harpalinae.

Wikispecies has information related to Harpalinae.

• Carabidae of the World Database (CWD) (2008): Trees of family Carabidae. Retrieved 2008-JUL-24.