Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)

Prince Henri
Count of Paris
Count of Paris in 1987
Orléanist pretender to the French throne
Pretence	25 August 1940 – 19 June 1999
Predecessor	Prince Jean, Duke of Guise
Successor	Prince Henri, Count of Paris
Born	(1908-07-05)5 July 1908 Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache, Aisne, French Third Republic
Died	19 June 1999(1999-06-19) (aged 90) Cherisy, Eure-et-Loir, France
Burial	Chapelle royale de Dreux
Spouse	Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza ​ ​ (m. 1931)​
Issue	Princess Isabelle, Countess of Schönborn-Buchheim Prince Henri, Count of Paris Hélène, Countess Evrard of Limburg-Stirum Prince François, Duke of Orléans Princess Anne, Duchess of Calabria Princess Diane, Duchess of Württemberg Prince Michel, Count of Évreux Prince Jacques, Duke of Orléans Princess Claude, Duchess of Aosta Princess Chantal, Baroness François Xavier de Sambucy de Sorgue Prince Thibaut, Count of La Marche
Names Henri Robert Ferdinand Marie Louis Philippe
House	Orléans
Father	Prince Jean, Duke of Guise
Mother	Princess Isabelle of Orléans
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Henri of Orléans, Count of Paris (Henri Robert Ferdinand Marie d'Orléans; 5 July 1908 – 19 June 1999), was the Orléanist claimant to the throne of France as Henry VI from 1940 until his death in 1999.

Youth and education[]

He was born at the Château of Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache in Aisne, France to Jean, Duke of Guise (1874–1940), and his wife, Isabelle of Orléans (1878–1961).^[1] His family moved to Larache, Morocco in 1909, purchasing a plantation in the Spanish sector, Maarif, and one in the French sector, Sid Mohammed ben Lahsen, after Morocco became a French protectorate in 1912.^[1] Here, Henri rose at 4 am daily, accompanying his father to oversee livestock management and crop production on their scattered lands, later in the day being tutored by European governesses and his mother: He acquired fluency in French, Arabic, English, German, Italian and Spanish.^[1] He visited relatives in France often, spending the beginning of World War I in Paris while his father sought to fight on the side of the French. Being rebuffed by France, Belgium and the United Kingdom, Prince Jean finally took his family back to Morocco and farming.^[1]

In 1921 Henri's governesses were replaced with a series of preceptors, all coming from France. First among these was the abbé Carcenat from Auvergne. In 1923 the abbé Thomas took over Henri's instruction and, being less traditional in his approach, awakened in his charge a hitherto undetected thirst for knowledge.^[1] Using the wedding of the prince's sister that year in France as an opportunity, Thomas obtained permission to take Henri to the Parisian banlieues of Meudon and Issy-les-Moulineaux, then working class slums in which the abbé would volunteer to serve the needy daily, bringing Henri into close contact with day laborers.^[1] He would later write that this wretched urban experience profoundly affected his future political outlook and sense of justice, contrasting unfavourably with the deprivation to which he was accustomed in Morocco where, he observed, the poor were at least able to enjoy fresh air, space and sunlight while surrounded by relatives and neighbors who shared a near universal poverty, compared to the depressing grime, crowded conditions and anonymity in which Parisian workers toiled amidst extremes of wealth and deprivation.^[1] After a year Thomas, whose health suffered in Morocco, was replaced as Henri's preceptor by abbé Dartein, who accompanied the family to France in 1924, preparing the prince for his collegiate matriculation while they occupied an apartment near his parents in Paris.^[1]

Henri began a two-year study of mathematics and the sciences at the Catholic University of Louvain in 1924, studying the law for the two years following.^[1] His father, having become heir presumptive to the royal claims of the House of Orléans in 1924, betook the family to Europe again but, now banned by law from living openly in France, took up residence at the , a 15 hectare estate in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre near Brussels, Belgium that had been purchased in 1923 for 75,000 francs.^[1] From across the border in France came scholars and veterans of renown to coach Henri for his future role as a royalist leader, including jurist Ernest Perrot, military strategist Général Henri de Gondrecourt^[2] and the diplomat Charles Benoist, a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques who would serve as his advisor from 1930.^[1]

Dauphin in pretence[]

In 1926, Henri became the Dauphin of France in pretence when his father became the Orléanist claimant to the throne upon the death of his cousin, Philippe, Duke of Orleans.^[1]

In 1939, after being refused admission to both the French armed forces and the British armed forces, Henri was allowed to join the French Foreign Legion.^[1]

Orléanist pretender[]

Front page of Courier 50 in June 1950, announcing the end of the exile of the Count of Paris

Henri became pretender to the French throne on 25 August 1940, when his father died. As the Fall of France had occurred about a month earlier, much of his early reign in pretence was marked by World War II.

In mid-November 1942, after Francois Darlan's armistice with the Allied invaders of North Africa, Vichy intelligence official Henri d'Astier de la Vigerie attempted to promote a royalist coup. (D'Astier had previously conspired with the Allies to aid the invasion.) D'Astier's colleagues, Abbé Cordier and Master-Sergeant Sabatier (a French instructor at an OSS-SOE camp in Algiers), secretly brought Henri from Morocco to d'Astier's apartment in Algiers. Both Darlan and U.S. General Eisenhower nixed the idea, however.^[3] Darlan was assassinated by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle, a pro-Orléanist member of the French Resistance, on 24 December 1942.

In 1947, Henri and his family took up residence at the Quinta do Anjinho, an estate in Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera.^[4]

In 1950, after the law of exile was rescinded, Henri returned to France.

During his tenure as pretender to the throne, Henri used the majority of his family's great wealth, selling off family jewels, paintings, furniture and properties to support his political cause and large family, as well as establishments in Belgium, North Africa, Brazil, Portugal and France. The family château at Amboise now belongs to a trust he created. Conflict over the division of the family wealth (formerly worth over £40 million) led to court conflicts between him and five of his children, some of whom he unilaterally disinherited.^{[citation needed]} (See also: Goods of the House of Orleans.)

Marriage and family life[]

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On 8 April 1931, he married Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza. The wedding was celebrated in Palermo Cathedral in Sicily, the same church where their common ancestors, Louis Philippe of France and his Queen Maria Amalia, married in 1809.^[5] Guests at the wedding included official representatives of the Brazilian, Italian, Greek, Belgian, Danish, and Spanish royal families.^[6] The Count and Countess of Paris had eleven children. They separated in 1986, but never divorced.^[7]

In 1984, Henri declared that his son, Henri of Orléans, had lost his rights of inheritance because he had divorced his first wife and married a second time, outside of the Roman Catholic Church. Henri gave his son the lesser-valued title comte de Mortain in place of comte de Clermont, and removed him from the line of succession. After a couple of years, Henri reinstated his son with his previous titles, including reestablishing him as heir and gave his new wife, Micaela Cousiño Quinones de Leon, the title "princesse de Joinville".^{[citation needed]}

Henri deprived his sons Thibaut and Michel of their rights of succession to the throne, because one married a commoner and the other wed a noblewoman whose father had been compromised during the Vichy regime.^[1] Later, relenting somewhat, he recognised non-dynastic titles for their wives and children. His decision was later annulled by his son and successor, Henri.^{[citation needed]}

Death[]

Henri, Count of Paris, died of prostate cancer at Cherisy, near Dreux, France, aged 90 on 19 June 1999.^{[citation needed]} Incidentally, his grandson Prince Eudes, Duke of Angoulême married on the very same day.

Children[]

Henri, Count of Paris, and his wife Isabelle had eleven children:

Ancestry[]

References[]

Sources[]

• Franck Hériot, Laurent Chabrun, La fortune engloutie des Orléans, Plon, 2005. ISBN 2-259-19843-0

External links[]

• Film from Henri d'Orléanses wedding in 1931
• Une manifeste de Comte de Paris. Henri's manifest in Le Figaro in 1937, where he renounce Action Française (French)
• Interview with the Count on France Inter 23 April 1979 (French)
• Biography in The Guardian (1999)
• Biography in Independent (1999)
• Newspaper clippings about Henri, Count of Paris in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW