Hispanics and Latinos in Colorado

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hispanic and Latino Coloradans are residents of the state of Colorado who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of 2020, Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 21% of the state's population, or 1,269,520 of the state's total 5,770,545 residents.[1]

History[]

In 1694 the New Mexico governor Diego de Vargas traveled to present-day Colorado, following the Rio Grande to a tributary, Culebra Creek. He recorded several toponyms, including Colorado River. In 1706 Juan de Ulibarri claimed the west of present-day Colorado for Spain.[2] Western Colorado was incorporated into Santa Fe de Nuevo México.[3] In 1762, after the Seven Years' War, France ceded western Louisiana to Spain, including eastern Colorado.

In 1776, the Domínguez-Escalante expedition took place in northern New Spain. Led by friars Silvestre Velez de Escalante and Francisco Atanacio Dominguez, the expedition team sought a route linking Santa Fe to Monterey. They travelled through northern New Mexico, Colorado and Utah.[4]

In 1787 Juan Bautista de Anza established the settlement of San Carlos near present-day Pueblo, Colorado but it quickly failed.[2] Spain returned Louisiana to France in 1800, including eastern Colorado, but France ceded Louisiana to the US in 1803. In 1833 a group of 80 families from Abiquiu, Taos migrated to modern-day Colorado. They settled in Conejos County, but the Navajos attacked them and the settlers lost their products, so they returned to their homeland. The Utes also prevented the settlement of Nuevomexicanos in the 1840s.[5] Northwest Mexico was incorporated into the US in 1848, including western Colorado.

In 1851 a small group of Nuevomexicanos from Taos migrated to the San Luis Valley. They founded the fist Hispanic permanent settlement and initiated Hispanic migration to Colorado.[5] This first group was followed by another 50 Nuevomexicano families from Abiquiu and El Llanito, which settled in Guadalupe in 1854. Hispanic pastoralists migrated to Colorado from Latin America in the early 1860s when the country demanded wool uniforms for its soldiers during the American Civil War, while many other Nuevomexicanos migrated to counties such as Las Animas or Huerfano. Over 5,000 people of that origin lived in these counties as early as the 1870s, making up more than 90% of the population in both regions. From then on, many other Hispanics migrated to Colorado. Thus, by the second half of the 19th century, Hispanics were distributed in various regions of Colorado (San Acacio, Saguache, Guadalupe, etc.).[5] Mexican migration even gave rise to a Hispanic neighbourhood in the modern-day The Beautiful Park in Colorado Springs in the 1880s, which included a school, a church and several businesses, although it was abandoned in the early 20th century.[6] The Hispanic population grew significantly in the 20th century, especially from 1990 onwards. From the 19th century to the present day most of the Hispanic immigrants have been Mexicans, seeking better social conditions.

Demographics[]

According to Latino Leadearship Institute webside Hispanics number more than 100,000 people in Adams, Arapahoe, Denver and El Paso. They represented over 33% in Adams, Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, Huerfano, Las Animas, Morgan, Otero, Prowers, Pueblo, Rio Grande and Saguache counties. Most of Hispanics and Latinos of Colorado live in Western Colorado. The majority of Hispanics in the state are under the age of 18 (35% of Hispanics), while the rest of the Hispanic population is mainly made up of the 18-34 and 35-54 age groups (28% and 25% respectively).[7]

(self-identified ethnicity, not by birthplace)
Ancestry by origin (2019 surveys)[8] Population %
Argentine 4,448
Bolivian 1,521
Chilean 2,890
Colombian 8,149
Costa Rican 4,118
Cuban 12,823
Dominican 4,920
Ecuadorian 1,922
Guatemalan 11,901
Honduran 5,616
Mexican 920,228
Nicaraguan 2,035
Panamanian 3,026
Paraguayan 204
Peruvian 8,824
Puerto Rican 42,525
Salvadoran 24,375
"Spanish" 54,922
"Spaniard" 50,819
"Spanish American" 3,161
Uruguayan 183
Venezuelan 4,710
All other 83,342
Total 1,256,903
Ancestry by region (2010 Census)[9][10] Number %
Mexicans 757,181 15.1%
Caribbeans 30,992 0.6%
Central Americans 29,386 0.6%
South Americans 19,117 0.4%
Other Hispanic 202,011 4.0%
Total

Cities and town where the Hispanics are mayority (2010 census)[]

Places with between 10,000 and 25,000 people[]

Places with fewer than 10,000 people[]

Historic Hispanic/Latino population[]

Colorado Colorado Number of people of Mexican Origin (1880-1930)
and of Hispanic/Latino Origin (1940-2020) in Colorado[11][12][13][14][a] 		+% of Population of Mexican Origin (1880-1930)
and of Hispanic/Latino Origin (1940-2020) in Colorado
1860 + 2,000 (immigrants)[5]
1870 11,95 30%[15]
1880 13,311[16]
1890 N/A
1900 19,273[16]
1910 3,196 - 23,991[16] 0.4% (percentage of first data)
1920 15,034 - 38,665[16] 1.6% (percentage of first data)
1930 59,040 - 80,355[16] 5.7% (percentage of first data)
1940 92,549 8.2
1950 119,258 9.0%
1960 157,855 9.0%
1970 255, 994 (15% sample) 11.6
1980 339,717 11.8
1990 424,302 12.9
2000 735,801 17.1%
2010 1,038,687 20.7%
2020 1,263,390 21.9%

Notable residents[]

  • Jose Ramon Aguilar (1852-1929) Pioneer rancher. Aguilar, CO is named for him.
  • Antonio D. Archuleta State Senator. In 1883 introduced the bill to create Archuleta County from the western portion of Conejos County.
  • Felipe Baca (1828–1874) Pioneer rancher. Helped found Trinidad, CO. Baca County is named for him.
  • Polly Baca (born 1941) first Hispanic woman elected to the Colorado State Senate.
  • Casimiro Barela (1847–1920) Helped write Colorado's State Constitution.[17][18][19]
  • Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales (1928-2005) Community Activist.[20]
  • Miguel Antonio Otero (1829-1882) Pioneer merchant. Otero County is named for him.
  • Federico Peña (born March 15, 1947) First Hispanic Mayor of Denver, CO.

See also[]

  • Hispanic and Latino Americans
  • Hispanos
  • Neomexicano

References[]

  1. ^ "Colorado QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  2. ^ a b Carl Ubbelohde, Duane A. Smith, Maxine Benson: A Colorado History, Pruett Publishing, 2006, p. 17
  3. ^ Cardelús, Borja (2007). La huella de España y de la cultura hispana en los Estados Unidos (2nd ed.). Madrid: Centro de Cultura Iberoamericana (CCI). p. 174. ISBN 9788461150366.
  4. ^ Solorzano, A (1998). "Struggle over Memory: The Roots of the Mexican Americans in Utah, 1776 through the 1850s". Aztlan: A Journal of Chicano Studies.
  5. ^ a b c d Carl Abbott, Stephen J. Leonard, Thomas J. Noel (August 15, 2015). Colorado: A History of the Centennial State (4th ed.). University Press of Colorado. ISBN 978-0870818004.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  6. ^ Francisco Miraval (February 22, 2020). Vecinos rescatan del olvido barrio hispano de ciudad del sur de Colorado. El Diario.es.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  7. ^ COLORADO’S DEMOGRAPHIC DESTINY. Publisher by Latino Leadearship Institute. Retrieved on October 20, 2021.
  8. ^ "HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN: 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. 2019.
  9. ^ US Census Bureau: "Redistricting Data, First Look at Local 2010 Census Results" Archived 2013-10-20 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ US Census Bureau, Systems Support Division. "Population by Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin for the United States: 1990 and 2000 (PHC-T-1)". Census.gov. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States" (PDF). Census.gov. p. 76. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
  12. ^ "U.S. Census of Population: 1960" (PDF). Www2.census.gov. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
  13. ^ "The Hispanic Population: 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
  14. ^ "The Hispanic Population: 2010" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
  15. ^ Jens Manuel Krogstad and Mark Hugo Lopez (June 10, 2014). "For three states, share of Hispanic population returns to the past". Pew Research Center.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  16. ^ a b c d e José A. Cobas, Joe R. Feagin, Daniel J. Delgado, Maria Chávez (2009). Latino Peoples in the New America: Racialization and Resistance. New Critical Viewpoints On Society Series. p. 3. ISBN 9780429753633.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  17. ^ "Casimiro Barela: Perpetual Senator". Colorado Virtual Library. 2015-07-13. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  18. ^ "Casimiro Barela (1847-1920)". Denver Public Library History. 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  19. ^ Casimiro Barela Biographyhttps://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2018/casimiro_barela.pdf
  20. ^ "Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales". Denver Public Library History. 2014-06-26. Retrieved 2020-04-09.

External links[]

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