Hong Chi-jung

Hong Chi-jung
홍치중
Hong Chi-jung; 홍치중
Chief State Councillor
	In office; 1 July 1729 – 13 August 1732
Preceded by	Yi Gwang-jwa
Succeeded by	Sim Su-hyeon
Left State Councillor
	In office; 16 July 1728 – 1 July 1729
Preceded by	Jo Tae-eok
Succeeded by	Yi Tae-jwa
	In office; 12 June 1726 – 17 August 1727
Preceded by	Yi Gwang-myeong
Succeeded by	Jo Tae-eok
Right State Councillor
	In office; 17 August 1727 – 1727
Preceded by	Yi Ui-hyeon
Succeeded by	Sim Su-hyeon
	In office; 18 February 1725 – 1725
Preceded by	Yi Gwang-myeong
Succeeded by	Jo Do-bin
Personal details
Born	1667
Died	1732 (aged 64–65)
Korean name
Hangul	홍치중
Hanja	洪致中
Revised Romanization	Hong Chi-jung
McCune–Reischauer	Hong Ch'ijung

Hong Chi-jung (1667–1732) was a scholar-official and Prime Minister of the Joseon Dynasty Korea in the 18th century from 1729 to 1732.^[1]

He was also diplomat and ambassador, representing Joseon interests in the 9th Edo period diplomatic mission to the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan.^[2]

1719 mission to Japan[]

In 1719, King Sukjong dispatched a diplomatic mission to the shogunal court of Tokugawa Yoshimune.^[3] This diplomatic mission functioned to the advantage of both the Japanese and the Koreans as a channel for developing a political foundation for trade.^[4]

This delegation was explicitly identified by the Joseon court as a "Communication Envoy" (tongsinsa). The mission was understood to signify that relations were "normalized."^[5]

The Joseon embassy arrived in Kyoto on the 10th month of the 4th year of Kyōhō, according to the Japanese calendar in use at that time.^[6] Hong Chi-jung was the chief envoy.^[3]

Recognition in the West[]

Pak Tong-chi's historical significance was confirmed when his mission and his name was specifically mentioned in a widely distributed history published by the Oriental Translation Fund in 1834.^[6]

In the West, early published accounts of the Joseon kingdom are not extensive, but they are found in Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu (published in Paris in 1832),^[7] and in Nihon ōdai ichiran (published in Paris in 1834). Joseon foreign relations and diplomacy are explicitly referenced in the 1834 work.

Notes[]

^ (in Korean) Hong Chi-jung, Naver encyclopedia
^ Walraven, Boudewijn et al. (2007). Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies, p. 361; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 417; n.b., the name Kô tsi tsiou is a pre-Hepburn Japanese transliteration and Hong tschi tchoung is a pre-McCune–Reischauer, Korean romanization devised by Julius Klaproth and Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat in 1834.
^ ^a ^b Walraven, p. 361.
^ Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," Early Modern Japan. Fall, 2002, pp. 48.
^ Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). Frontier contact between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan, pp. 21-24.
^ ^a ^b Titsingh, p. 417.
^ Vos, Ken. "Accidental acquisitions: The nineteenth-century Korean collections in the National Museum of Ethnology, Part 1," Archived 2012-06-22 at the Wayback Machine p. 6.

References[]

Daehwan, Noh. "The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century," Korea Journal (Winter 2003).
Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). Frontier contact between chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7007-1301-1
Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 84067437
Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," Early Modern Japan. Fall, 2002, pp. 44–62, 124-128.
Walraven, Boudewijn and Remco E. Breuker. (2007). Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies; Essays in Honour of Boudewijn Walraven. Leiden: CNWS Publications. ISBN 90-5789-153-0; OCLC 181625480

External links[]

Joseon Tongsinsa Cultural Exchange Association (in Korean); (in Japanese)
조선통신사연구 (Journal of Studies in Joseon Tongsinsa) (in Korean)^{[permanent dead link]}

Preceded by Jo Tae-eok	Joseon–Japanese Edo period diplomacy 9th mission 1719	Succeeded by Hong Gye-hui

[1] (in Korean) Hong Chi-jung, Naver encyclopedia

[walraven361_titsingh417-2] Walraven, Boudewijn et al. (2007). Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies, p. 361; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 417; n.b., the name Kô tsi tsiou is a pre-Hepburn Japanese transliteration and Hong tschi tchoung is a pre-McCune–Reischauer, Korean romanization devised by Julius Klaproth and Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat in 1834.

[walraven361-3] Walraven, p. 361.

[4] Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," Early Modern Japan. Fall, 2002, pp. 48.

[5] Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). Frontier contact between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan, pp. 21-24.

[titsingh417-6] Titsingh, p. 417.

[7] Vos, Ken. "Accidental acquisitions: The nineteenth-century Korean collections in the National Museum of Ethnology, Part 1," Archived 2012-06-22 at the Wayback Machine p. 6.

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