Hu Shanxiang
| Empress Hu | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress consort of the Ming dynasty | |||||||||
| Tenure | 27 June 1425 – 1428 | ||||||||
| Born | Hu Shanxiang c. 1400 Jining, Shandong | ||||||||
| Died | 1443 (aged 42–43) | ||||||||
| Burial | Jinshan | ||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||
| Issue | Princess Shunde | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Hu (by birth) Zu (by marriage) | ||||||||
| Father | Hu Rong | ||||||||
Empress Hu (Chinese: 胡皇后; pinyin: Hú húanghòu; personal name Hu Shanxiang; c. 1400 – 1443), was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Xuande Emperor. She was posthumously honoured with the title Empress Gongrangzhang.
Early life[]
Empress Hu was born in c. 1400 in Jining in present day Shandong Province. Her given name was Hu Shanxiang. She came from Jining in Shandong. Her father, Hu Rong, was a company commander (baihu).[1][2] In 1417, she became the primary consort of Zhu Zhanji, the grandson-heir.[1][2] Three years later in 1420, they had a daughter, the Princess Shunde.[3] When Zhu Zhanji's father, Hongxi Emperor ascended the throne in 1424, she was appointed consort of the crown prince (Chinese: 皇太子妃; pinyin: huángtàizǐ fēi).[1][2]
Empress[]
Upon the succession of Xuande to the throne in 1425, she became his empress (Chinese: 胡皇后; pinyin: Hú húanghòu). Empress Hu was described as weak and sickly. The emperor did not like her for not having a son, and when she at one occasion advised him not to indulge in his love of travel, he resented her for meddling in affairs that did not concern her.[1][2]
Xuande preferred the beautiful and intelligent Noble Consort Sun, and when she gave birth to a son in 1427, he named this son Crown prince,[1][2] and eagerly worked to promote her status further. Five Grand Secretaries were ordered to prepare a legal method to depose her. Grand Secretary Yang Shiqi, after failing to convince the emperor of the danger in deposing the empress without good reason, argued that it would offend his reputation. However, he was unable to avert her dismissal on the ground of having no son, being frequently ill, and of being sterile. He then suggested that she should respectfully resign herself, and that she should be well treated for the rest of her life.[4]
And so in the spring of 1428, the emperor had Empress Hu deposed from her position in favor of the mother of the crown prince, sent to Chang'an Palace and given a title of Immortal Teacher of Quietude and Motherly Love (Chinese: 静慈仙师; pinyin: Jìng cí xiān shī), previously given to deposed empresses who were forced to become nuns, although this religious element was not demanded of Hu.[1][2]
Later life and death[]
Hu was regarded with sympathy and her mother-in-law, the empress dowager, demonstrated her sympathy and friendship by often inviting her to stay with her in the Qingning Palace, and giving her the place of an empress at banquets in the inner palace, even when her successor, Empress Sun was present. When the empress dowager died in 1442, Hu lost an important ally at court.[1][2]
She was ranked a consort (Chinese: 妃; pinyin: fēi), and thus no longer enjoyed an equal status with Empress Sun. She died of illness in 1443. She was buried in Jinshan according to rites prescribed for a concubine.[1][2]
When Empress dowager Sun died in 1462, Empress Qian, consort of Emperor Yingzong, urged him to restore Hu's status as empress.[5][6] Accordingly, in the summer of 1463, her title as empress was restored, a mausoleum was constructed for her according to the rites prescribed for an empress,[7][8] and she was given the posthumous title Empress Gongrang chengshun kangmu Jingci Zhang (恭讓誠順康穆静慈章皇后).[7][8][9]
In popular culture[]
- Portrayed by Deng Jiajia in the 2019 Chinese television series Ming Dynasty.[10]
- Portrayed by Zhang Nan in the upcoming Chinese television series Royal Feast.
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Lee & Wiles 2014, p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Lee & Wiles 2015, p. 134.
- ^ "The Xuande Emperor (宣德 [ɕɥántɤ̌]; Beijing, 16 March 1399– 31 January 1435) was Emperor of China from 1425 to 1435. His era name means "Proclamation of Virtue"". Chinese Monarchs. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
- ^ Hsieh Bao Hua (18 June 2014). Concubinage and Servitude in Late Imperial China. Lexington Books. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-7391-4516-6.
- ^ Lee & Wiles 2014, p. 134-35.
- ^ Lee & Wiles 2015, p. 134-35.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Lee & Wiles 2014, p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Lee & Wiles 2015, p. 135.
- ^ 吴蔚 (1 September 2016). 大明惊变（上）. Beijing Book Co. Inc. p. 199. ISBN 978-7-5162-1310-0.
- ^ "What is the historical prototype of Hu Shanxiang, played by Deng Jiajia in "Da Ming Feng Hua"?". daydaynews.cc. 2019-12-21. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
Sources[]
- Lily Xiao Hong Lee; Sue Wiles (13 March 2014). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Tang Through Ming, 618-1644. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-4316-2.
- Lily Xiao Hong Lee; Sue Wiles (28 January 2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-51562-3.
- 1443 deaths
- Ming dynasty posthumous empresses
- 15th-century Chinese women
- 15th-century Chinese people