Humboldtianidae

Humboldtianidae
	shells
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia; clade Euthyneura; clade Panpulmonata; clade Eupulmonata; clade Stylommatophora; informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:	Helicoidea
Family:	Humboldtianidae; Pilsbry, 1939

Humboldtianidae is an American family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Anatomy[]

The anatomy of this family is defined by the presence of a diverticulum and three to four dart apparatuses (the love dart is used in mating behaviour). They always have the same number of dart sacs and mucus glands, with two darts per dart sac. The mucus glands are situated on, and open into, the vagina, above the dart sac.^[1]

Shape of love dart	Species
	Humboldtiana nuevoleonis

Distribution[]

This family of snails occurs in the United States and Mexico.

Taxonomy[]

The family Humboldtianidae is classified within the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

The family Humboldtianidae consists of the following subfamilies:

subfamily Bunnyinae H. Nordsieck, 1987
subfamily Humboldtianinae Pilsbry, 1939

Genera[]

There are only 2 genera in the family Humboldtianidae:

genus Bunnya H. B. Baker, 1942 - type genus of the subfamily Bunnyinae
genus Humboldtiana Ihering, 1892 - type genus of the family Humboldtianidae
- subgenus Thompson & Brewer, 2000^[2]
- subgenus Thompson & Brewer, 2000^[3]

References[]

^ Higher classification of the Helicoidea and the molecular analyses of their phylogeny (by Hartmut Nordsieck)
^ Thompson F.G. & Brewer G.P. 2000. Landsnails of the Genus Humboldtiana from Northern Mexico (Gastropod, Pulmonata, Helicoidea, Humboldtianidae). Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. 43(2), page 66.
^ Thompson F.G. & Brewer G.P. 2000. Landsnails of the Genus Humboldtiana from Northern Mexico (Gastropod, Pulmonata, Helicoidea, Humboldtianidae). Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. 43(2), page 71.

External links[]

Humboldtianidae

[1] Higher classification of the Helicoidea and the molecular analyses of their phylogeny (by Hartmut Nordsieck)

[2] Thompson F.G. & Brewer G.P. 2000. Landsnails of the Genus Humboldtiana from Northern Mexico (Gastropod, Pulmonata, Helicoidea, Humboldtianidae). Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. 43(2), page 66.

[3] Thompson F.G. & Brewer G.P. 2000. Landsnails of the Genus Humboldtiana from Northern Mexico (Gastropod, Pulmonata, Helicoidea, Humboldtianidae). Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. 43(2), page 71.

[1]

[2]

[3]