Stylommatophora
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Stylommatophora | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
Superorder: | Eupulmonata |
Order: | Stylommatophora , 1855 |
Diversity[1][2] | |
about 20,500 species |
Stylommatophora is an order[3] of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs.
The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier).[citation needed]
Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts.
Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous period up to the present day.[4]
2005 taxonomy[]
According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on evolutionary ancestry is the clade Stylommatophora in clade Eupulmonata within informal group Pulmonata. It uses unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder, order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily.
The clade Stylommatophora contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.
clade Elasmognatha
- Superfamily Succineoidea
- Superfamily Athoracophoroidea
clade Orthurethra
- Superfamily Partuloidea
- Superfamily Achatinelloidea
- Superfamily Cochlicopoidea
- Superfamily Pupilloidea
- Superfamily Enoidea
informal group Sigmurethra
- Superfamily Clausilioidea
- Superfamily Orthalicoidea
- Superfamily Achatinoidea
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Superfamily Testacelloidea
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Superfamily Acavoidea
- Superfamily Punctoidea
- Superfamily Sagdoidea
"limacoid clade" (within the Sigmurethra)
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Superfamily Limacoidea
(not in limacoid clade, but is within the Sigmurethra)
- Superfamily Arionoidea
- Superfamily Helicoidea
Previous taxonomy[]
- Subinfraorder Orthurethra
- Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
- Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900
- Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900
- Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
- Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
- Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
- Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
- Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
- Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
- Superfamily Clessin, 1879
- Superfamily Pilsbry, 1895
- Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
- Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
- Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
- Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
- Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
- Superfamily Moellendorf, 1900
- Superfamily Pilsbry, 1894
- Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
- Superfamily Pilsbry, 1895
- Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806
- Superfamily Thiele, 1926
- Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
- Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864
References[]
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Wikispecies has information related to Stylommatophora. |
- ^ Solem A. (1978). Classification of the land Mollusca. In: Fretter V. & Peake J. (eds). Pulmonates, Vol. 2A. London, Academic Press, 49–97.
- ^ Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
- ^ Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families. Malacologia, 61(1-2): 1-526.
- ^ (in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). Základy zoopaleontologie. Olomouc, 264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3.
- Stylommatophora
- Extant Cretaceous first appearances