Iazychie
Iazychie (Ukrainian: Язичіє, romanized: Yazychiie; Rusyn: Язычіє, romanized: Yazŷchiie) was an artificial literary East Slavic language used in the 19th century and the early 20th century in Halychyna, Bukovina, and Zakarpattia in publishing, particularly by Ukrainian Russophiles (Moskvophiles).[1] It was an unsystematic combination of lexical, phonetic and grammatical elements of vernacular Ukrainian (including dialects of predominantly southwestern origin), Old Ukrainian (Ruthenian language), Polish, Russian and Old Slavic.[1]
The term was introduced by Ukrainophiles, who used it pejoratively.[2] Nikolay Chernyshevsky called "Iazychie" a mutilation of the language and sharply condemned it.[1] Ivan Franko and other representatives of the contemporary territories of today's Western Ukraine's progressive intelligentsia also opposed "Iazychie".[1] The proponents of the language themselves called it the "traditional Carpatho-Rusyn language".[3] Russophiles saw it as a tool against Polish influence and a transition to Russian literary language, considering local dialects to be a "speech of swineherds and shepherds".[4]
Text example[]
Що єсть тепло и свѣтло — того дово̂дно оучени̂ єще не знаютъ. Но безъ свѣтла и тепла нїяка изъ нашихъ пашниць не може оудатися. — Свѣтло, здаеся, возбуджае въ рослинахъ силу, которою они оуглянный квасъ, амонїякъ, воду, и другое поживлѣнье розкладаютъ на части, зъ ıакихъ тїи рѣчи повстаютъ, — и — потребное въ себе вживаютъ, остальное же назадъ воздухови о̂тдаютъ. На пр. оугляный квасъ розкладаютъ они на єго части, на квасородъ и оуглеродъ, и оуглеродъ вживаютъ въ себе, квасородъ же о̂тдаютъ воздухови, и тымъ способомъ воздухъ все о̂тсвѣжуютъ. Но все то дѣеся лишь днемъ при свѣтлѣ солнечно̂мъ, ночїю же нѣ; и также днемъ при захмарено̂мъ небѣ робота тая оуже имъ складно не иде, а для того въ хмарнїи роки овощи николи не буваютъ смачни̂ та тревали̂. (1875)
References[]
- ^ a b c d Zhovtobyukh, M.A. Iazychie. Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia.
- ^ Magocsi, P.R., Iazychie. World Academy of the Carpatho-Rusyn Culture. (in Ukrainian)
- ^ Paul Robert Magocsi; Ivan Pop (2005). "Iazŷchiie". Encyclopedia of Rusyn history and culture (2nd ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-8020-3566-0. OL 3776927M. Wikidata Q105105620.
- ^ Орест Субтельний, Історія України [ Orest Subtelny, History of Ukraine], Section 6.3 (archived)
External links[]
- East Slavic languages
- Rusyns
- Ukrainian history stubs