Intha-Danu language

Intha-Danu
Intha-Danu
Pronunciation	dənuʔ
Native to	Burma
Region	Inle Lake, Shan State
Ethnicity	Intha, Danu
Native speakers	ca. 200,000 (2000–2007)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Lolo–Burmese Burmish Southern (see Burmese dialects) Intha-Danu; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Danu; Intha;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; dnv – Danu; int – Intha
Glottolog	inth1238

Intha and Danu constitute southern Burmish languages of Shan State, Burma, spoken by the Danu and Intha people. They are considered dialects of Burmese by the Government of Myanmar.

Danu is spoken by the Danu people, Intha by the Intha, a group of Bamar descendants who migrated to Inle Lake in Shan State. Both are spoken by about 100,000.^[1] Both are characterized by a retention of the /-l-/ medial (for the following consonant clusters in Intha: /kl- kʰl- pl- pʰl- ml- hml-/). Examples include:

"full": Standard Burmese ပြည့် ([pjḛ]) → ပ္လည့် ([plḛ]), from old Burmese ပ္လည်
"ground": Standard Burmese မြေ ([mjè]) → မ္လေ ([mlè]), from old Burmese မ္လိယ်

There is no voicing with the presence of either aspirated or unaspirated consonants. For instance, ဗုဒ္ဓ (Buddha) is pronounced [boʊʔda̰] in standard Burmese, but [poʊʔtʰa̰] in Intha. This is probably due to influence from the Shan language.

Furthermore, သ (/θ/ in standard Burmese) has merged to /sʰ/ (ဆ) in Intha.

Rhymes[]

Rhyme correspondences to standard Burmese follow these patterns:^[2]

Written Burmese	Standard Burmese	Intha	Notes
-ျင် -င်	/-ɪɴ/	/-ɛɴ/
-ဉ်	/-ɪɴ/	/-ɪɴ/
ိမ် -ိန် ိုင်	/-eɪɴ -eɪɴ -aɪɴ/	/-eɪɴ/
-ျက် -က်	/-jɛʔ -ɛʔ/	/-aʔ/
-တ် -ပ်	/-aʔ/	/-ɛʔ/
-ည်	/-ɛ, -e, -i/	/-e/	/-i/ if initial is a palatal consonant
ိတ် ိပ် ိုက်	/-eɪʔ -eɪʔ -aɪʔ/	/-aɪʔ/

Rhymes
Open syllables	weak = ə full = i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u
Closed	nasal = ɪɴ, eɪɴ, ɛɴ, aɴ, ɔɴ, oʊɴ, ʊɴ stop = ɪʔ, aɪʔ, ɛʔ, aʔ, ɔʔ, oʊʔ, ʊʔ

References[]

^ ^a ^b Danu at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Intha at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
^ Barron, Sandy; John Okell; Saw Myat Yin; Kenneth VanBik; Arthur Swain; Emma Larkin; Anna J. Allott; Kirsten Ewers (2007). Refugees From Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences (PDF) (Report). Center for Applied Linguistics. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

[e21-1] Danu at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Intha at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)

[2] Barron, Sandy; John Okell; Saw Myat Yin; Kenneth VanBik; Arthur Swain; Emma Larkin; Anna J. Allott; Kirsten Ewers (2007). Refugees From Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences (PDF) (Report). Center for Applied Linguistics. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

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