Invasion, U.S.A. (1952 film)
Invasion, U.S.A. | |
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Directed by | Alfred E. Green |
Written by | Robert Smith Franz Schulz |
Based on | Story by Robert Smith Franz Spencer |
Produced by | Albert Zugsmith Robert Smith executive Joseph Justman |
Starring | Gerald Mohr Peggie Castle Dan O'Herlihy |
Cinematography | John L. Russell |
Edited by | W. Donn Hayes |
Music by | Albert Glasser |
Production company | American Pictures Corp. |
Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
Release date |
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Running time | 74 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $187,000[1] |
Box office | $1.2 million[2] |
Invasion, U.S.A. (sometime stylized Invasion USA)[3] is a 1952 American drama film based on a story by Robert Smith and Franz Spencer and directed by Alfred E. Green. The film stars Gerald Mohr, Peggie Castle and Dan O'Herlihy. Invasion, U.S.A. is set in the Cold War and portrays the invasion of the United States by an unnamed communist enemy which likely refers to the Soviet Union. It is typical of the Red Scare film genre, common throughout the 1950s.
Plot[]
In a New York City bar, the brooding, mysterious forecaster Mr. Ohman (Dan O'Herlihy) is sitting and drinking from a very large brandy glass. He gets into discussions with a cross-section of affluent Americans at the bar, including local television newscaster Vince Potter (Gerald Mohr), beautiful young New York society woman Carla Sanford (Peggie Castle), a California industrialist, a rancher from Arizona, who is congressman. International news is bad, but the Americans do not want to hear it. While they all dislike communism and appreciate the material wealth they enjoy, they also want lower taxes and fail to see the need for industrial support of government. As he swishes the brandy around his snifter, Ohman tells the others that many Americans want safety and security but do not want to make any sacrifices for it.
Suddenly the news becomes worse. "The Enemy" is staging air attacks over Seal Point, Alaska and then Nome. Paratroops have landed on Alaskan airfields. Soon, the enemy's plan of attack becomes clear: civilian airfields are captured as staging areas while military airfields are A-bombed. The US fights back and attacks the enemy's homeland with Convair B-36 missions, but the enemy steadily moves into Washington State and Oregon. Shipyards in Puget Sound have been nuclear striked with large casualties.
Meanwhile, the Americans at the bar scramble to return to their lives to do what they can against the enemy now that it is too late. Potter and Sanford fall for each other ("War or no war, people have to eat and drink... and make love!"). He continues to broadcast while she volunteers to help run a blood drive. The industrialist and the rancher both return home to find themselves on the front lines. The former is caught in the battle for San Francisco, the latter in the destruction of Boulder Dam by a nuclear missile. The US president, whose face is never shown in front view, only in rear view, makes ineffectual broadcasts with inflated claims of counterattacks to rally the morale of the people. The enemy continues to advance with stealth attacks by troops dressed in American uniforms, including a paratrooper attack on the US Capitol that kills the congressman. New York is A-bombed, and Potter is soon killed during a broadcast. Sanford, threatened with rape by an enemy soldier (He orders her: "You are my woman now!"), narrowly escapes his assault and jumps from the balcony, presumably to her death.
Suddenly, the image of her falling body appears in Ohman's brandy snifter. All five suddenly find themselves back in the bar since they have just emerged from a hypnotic state that Ohman had induced. After reassuring themselves that the recent events, including their deaths, did not really happen, they hurry off to take measures to boost military preparedness. Potter and Sanford "resume" their romance.
Cast[]
- Gerald Mohr as Vince Potter
- Peggie Castle as Carla Sanford
- Dan O'Herlihy as Mr. Ohman
- Robert Bice as George Sylvester
- Tom Kennedy as Tim the Bartender
- Wade Crosby as Illinois Congressman Arthur V. Harroway
- Erik Blythe as Ed Mulfory
- Phyllis Coates as Mrs. Mulfory
- Aram Katcher as Factory Window Washer
- Knox Manning as Himself
- Edward G. Robinson Jr. as Radio Dispatcher
- Noel Neill as Second Airline Ticket Agent
- Clarence A. Shoop as Army Major
- Joseph Granby as President of the United States
Production[]
Invasion, U.S.A. was the second film from American Pictures Corporation, who had just made their first film, Captive Women. The company consisted of Albert Zugsmith, Peter Miller, Aubrey Wisberg and Jack Pollexfen with Joseph Justman as producer. They planned to make six films a year for five years out of a fund of $3.5 million.[4] Robert Smith wrote the script. The film had the co-operation of the US Civil Defense.[5]
Harold Daniels was to direct but he was instead assigned to American Pictures Corporation's, Port Sinister, and Alfred E. Green replaced him. Ron Randell was meant to appear in the cast but had to pull out. William Schallert replaced Clete Roberts. Gerald Mohr replaced Michael O'Shea. Filming started 26 March 1952.[6]
Zugsmith said the film was made for a cash budget of $127,000 with $60,000 deferred. He called the movie the way that he really learned filmmaking, and he got an education from Al Green and Ralph Black in particular.[1]
"The Enemy" is never named but is clearly meant to be taken as the communist Soviet Union because of its approach through Alaska, pseudo-Slavic accents, and "People's Army" proclamations. Principal photography began in early April 1952 at Motion Picture Center Studios.[7]
Much of the film's running time is taken up with inconsistent combat stock footage.
On a philosophical level, Invasion, U.S.A. is also often viewed as humorously (and unintentionally) ironic, as the lesson it communicates encourages citizens to subordinate their individual needs and desires to that of the state to combat communism.[8]
Phyllis Coates and Noel Neill, two Lois Lane actresses, and William Schallert, a B-movie stalwart, all have small parts in the film.
Reception[]
In a contemporary review of Invasion, U.S.A. in Variety stated: "This production imaginatively poses the situation of a foreign power invading the US with atom bombs. Startling aspects of the screenplay [from a story by Robert Smith and Franz Spencer] are further parlayed through effective use of war footage secured from the various armed services and the Atomic Energy Commission."[8]
The film was commercially successful and brought in net profits of almost $1 million dollars, according to Zugmsith.[1]
Later issues[]
Invasion, U.S.A. was subsequently shown on television in the late 1960s but then was not widely viewed for a long time. In 1994, it was spoofed as Episode 602 on the movie-mocking television show Mystery Science Theater 3000.[9] The MST3K episode and the film were discussed on The SoL-Mates Podcast in November, 2021.
In 1998, Invasion, U.S.A. was released on VHS, then on DVD in 2002.[10] A special edition in 2009 featured two original Civil Defense Department audio recordings on the alternate DVD audio track: The Complacent Americans and If the Bomb Falls: A Recorded Guide to Survival. The 1956 reissue theatrical trailer; and interviews with stars, Dan O'Herlihy, William Schallert and Noel Neill. The original and controversial "Red Scare" short Red Nightmare, narrated by Jack Webb, was also included in the bonus features.[11]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ a b c Flynn, Charles; McCarthy, Todd (1975). "Albert Zugmsith". In Flynn, Charles; McCarthy, Todd (eds.). Kings of the Bs : working within the Hollywood system : an anthology of film history and criticism. E. P. Dutton. p. 413.
- ^ "Top Grossing Films of 1950-1959." Top Grossing Films of 1950-1959. Retrieved: January 4, 2016.
- ^ The periods are missing in the actual title frame of the film but are present in the film's publicity materials.
- ^ Schallert, Edwin (18 July 1951). "Lupino Company Comedy Rated Good for Forrest; Invasion Film Planned". Los Angeles Times. p. B9.
- ^ MOVIELAND BRIEFS Los Angeles Times 18 Feb 1952: B9.
- ^ Pine-Thomas Purchase Best Seller; 'Bonanza' Will Boost Newer Stars Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 25 Feb 1952: B9.
- ^ "Original print information: 'Invasion, U.S.A.' (1952)." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: December 8, 2015.
- ^ a b "Review: ‘Invasion U.S.A.’." Variety, December 31, 1951. Retrieved: December 8, 2015.
- ^ Beaulieu 1996, p. 117.
- ^ Erickson, Glenn. "Review: 'Invasion, USA; Atomic Special Edition." DVD Savant, 2007. Retrieved: December 8, 2015.
- ^ West, Peter. "DVD Review: 'Invasion U.S.A.' (50th Anniversary Special Edition)." horrortalk.com, April 24, 2009. Retrieved: December 8, 2015.
Bibliography[]
- Beaulieu, Trace. The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Amazing Colossal Episode Guide. New York: Bantam, 1996. ISBN 978-0-5533-7783-5.
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Invasion U.S.A. (1952 film). |
- Invasion USA on YouTube
- Production history of film at Conelrad.com
- Invasion USA at IMDb
- 1952 films
- English-language films
- 1952 drama films
- American films
- American drama films
- American anti-communist propaganda films
- American aviation films
- American black-and-white films
- Cold War films
- Columbia Pictures films
- Films about nuclear war and weapons
- Films directed by Alfred E. Green
- Films featuring hypnosis
- Films scored by Albert Glasser
- Films with screenplays by Franz Schulz
- Films about World War III