Iran International

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Iran International
Iran International.svg
Broadcast areaWorldwide
HeadquartersChiswick, London, UK
Programming
Language(s)Persian
Ownership
OwnerVolant Media UK Ltd
History
Launched19 May 2017; 4 years ago (2017-05-19)
Links
Websiteiranintl.com
Availability
Satellite
Astra 2G (28.2°E)11671 H 23000 (HD)
Eutalsat 7B (7.0°E)11304 H 29700 (HD) & 11345 H 27500 & 10721 H 22000 (SD)
TürkmenÄlem 52°E / MonacoSAT (52.0°E)11221 V 27500 (HD) & 10804 H 27500 & 10845 V 27500 (SD)
Al Yah 1 (52.5°E)11996 V 27500 (HD/SD) & 12073 V 27500 (SD)
Express AM6 (53.0°E)12594 V 27500 (SD)
AzerSpace 1 (46.0°E)11093 V 4445 (SD)
Badr 6 (26.0°E)11747 V 27500 & 11785 V 27500 (HD)
Hotbird 13C (13.0°E)11137 H 27500 (SD) & 11373 H 27500 (HD)
Galaxy 19 (97.0°W)11960 V 22000 (HD)
Streaming media
Live FarsiWatch live

Iran International (Persian: ایران اینترنشنال‎, ´Iran ´Internashnal another name, ´saudi ´Internashnal) is a Persian television station headquartered in London. It is aimed at Iranian viewers[1] and broadcasts free-to-air by satellite. The channel has received media attention for its reporting on human rights violations, political developments, LGBTQ+ rights and women's rights in Iran[2][3] and has twice been nominated for International Channel of the Year by the Association for International Broadcasting.[4][5]

Iran International's news and analysis has been cited in Western media publications including BBC News,[6] The Guardian,[7] The Sydney Morning Herald,[8] The Telegraph,[9] Fox News,[3] and The Independent[10] Staff at Iran International have also appeared as experts on BBC Radio 4, Sky News, Australian Broadcasting Corporation networks[11] and ITN.

Iran International is available in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Ireland, Europe and North Africa, with bureaus in Istanbul, Paris and Washington D.C.[12]

Iran International was established in 2017 and is available online, via radio and via every satellite broadcasting to Iran.[12]

In 2021, an independent survey carried out by the Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in Iran (GAMAAN) found that Iran International is one of the most popular Persian language media networks amongst Iranians with 33% daily viewership.[13] More than half of the 27,000 participants surveyed also reported that they trusted Iran International "a lot" or "to some extent".[14]

News output[]

Iran International relies on a team of journalists around the world and reports on current affairs, health, technology, human rights violations, LGBTQ+ rights, women's rights and more.[12][15][16][8] The channel has reported extensively on the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, the Iran Nuclear Deal and global politics.[17][18][19]

The channel also airs television shows on sport, culture and politics and has produced documentaries that have been nominated for awards by the Association for International Broadcasters.[20]

Exclusive stories[]

The channel has been the first to report on several exclusive news stories and has access to a network of whistleblowers and sources inside Iran.

Iran International reported exclusively on the extension of Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe's furlough,[21] and her partner Richard Ratcliffe has been a guest on the channel multiple times.[22] The channel was also the first to report that Iranian rapper Amir Tataloo was facing deportation back to Iran from Turkey,[22] and the sentencing of The Salesman star Taraneh Alidoosti.[23]

During the Covid-19 pandemic in Iran, the channel published exclusive documents pertaining to high level government corruption concerning Covid-19 medical supplies, with The Independent writing that the documents "purported to show how Iran regime figures intervened in the procurement of medical supplies to steer South Korean contracts for Covid-19 test-kits through shell companies towards conservative foundations controlled by cronies".[24]

Reporting on the execution of Navid Afkari, Iran International exclusively interviewed Amnesty International’s Iran Researcher and human rights lawyer Raha Bahreini, who told the channel that “with the secret and previously unannounced execution of Navid Afkari, the Islamic Republic authorities once again showed the ruthless and merciless of Iran’s judiciary system at the international level,”.[25]

Zarif Gate[]

On 25 April 2021, Iran International obtained a leaked audio file of Iran's Foreign Minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif criticising the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, and claiming that the deceased Commander of the Quds Force, Qasem Soleimani had taken Iran into the Syrian War because Russian President Vladimir Putin wanted Iranian forces on the ground to complement the Russian air campaign in support of the Syrian Government.[26][27]

Zarif also mentioned that Russia had wanted to stop the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and keep Iran at odds with the West.[28]

Elements of the recording also prompted US Republicans to call for the resignation of John Kerry from US President Joe Biden's National Security Council after Zarif revealed during the recording that Kerry had informed him of Israeli operations in Syria.[29]

Human rights[]

Iran International has reported on notable human rights violations across Iran, including the execution of Navid Afkari,[30][25][31] the killing of 14-year-old Romina Ashrafi,[32] the arrest and imprisonment of British-Australian academic Kylie Moore-Gilbert[33] and the amputation of four men in Iran for theft.[34]

Lesbian activist and journalist at Iran International, Aram Bolandpaz has produced several documentaries on the LGBTQ+ community inside Iran and has been a vocal critic of human rights violations against the community.[2][15]

In June 2020, Iran International reported on a series of honour killings and gender-based violence that took place in Iran,[35] with legal analyst and journalist at Iran International Nargess Tavalossian, the daughter of Nobel Prize winning activist Shirin Ebadi, speaking publicly to global media outlets about the increase in violence against women in the country.[35][3]

In addition to the execution of Navid Afkari, the channel has reported extensively on the arrest of political prisoners in Iran. The channel has reported on the arrest and possible execution of Iranian-Swedish medical doctor Ahmad Reza Djalali,[36] reports that 85 children face execution in the country,[37] and the arrest of award-winning film director Mohammed Rouslouf[38]

History[]

Iran International was launched in May 2017, with the aim of serving the 80million people that live in Iran and the Iranian diaspora around the world, in addition to informing and educating a global audience on the latest news and developments in Iran and across the Middle East.[39]

The channel is headquartered in London and broadcasts internationally, with a team of journalists that have joined Iran International from other Persian-language news channels including Manoto, Radio Farda, BBC Persian Service and Voice of America.

Since its inception, Iran International has reported on global events, with a network of international correspondents. This has included reporting on notable events including the 2020 United States Presidential election, the 2020 Beirut explosion, Pride in London, the assassination of Jamal Kashoggi and the assassination of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh in December 2020.

Ownership[]

Iran International is owned by Volant Media UK Ltd.[40] It is licensed in the United Kingdom to Global Media Circulating Ltd as an editorial news service based in London.[41] It was launched on 18 May 2017[42] and is managed by DMA Media Ltd, which has bureaus in Paris, Istanbul, Kabul and Washington.[43]

Volant Media, the company that owns Iran International, has a director named Adel Abdulkarim, who is a Saudi national. Adel Abdulkarim is a long time business partner with Abdulrahman al-Rashed, former general manager of the Saudi-owned news channel Al Arabiya and current board member of Saudi Research and Marketing Group (SRMG).[44] According to the report by The Guardian, Abdulrahman al-Rashed was also involved in the operations and funding behind Iran International.[44]

Corporate documents for Volant Media shows that another Saudi national, Fahad Ibrahim Aldeghither, was the major shareholder of Volant Media before Adel Abdukarim.[40] Aldeghither owned over 75% of the shares of Volant Media from May 2016 to May 2018.[40] Fahad Ibrahim Aldeghither was the chairman of Mobile Telecommunication Company Saudi Arabia (Zain) from March 2013 to February 2016. Zain Saudi is the third-largest telecoms provider in Saudi Arabia.[45]

Content[]

Iran International studio

According to Middle East Eye, Iran International is a media platform for the Iranian opposition.[46] Kourosh Ziabari of Al-Monitor wrote it "does not shy away from presenting itself as an opposition media organization" and frequently gives the microphone to guests who criticize the Iranian government.[47] The channel has been referred to as an "Iranian exile news outlet" by Borzou Daragahi of The Independent.[48]

The channel is known for raising the profile of Reza Pahlavi, the last heir apparent to the former Iranian throne, by constant coverage and repeatedly interviewing him.[46] It also airs extensive coverage of People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK), including live broadcast of their rallies.[49] The claim of responsibility for the Ahvaz military parade attack was made through Iran International.[50]

In 2020, the TV broadcast performance of Iranian singers who were flown in from the United States to the Winter at Tantora Festival.[46]

Iran International does not run television advertisements.[49]

Iranian complaint to Ofcom[]

In 2018 Iran's ambassador to the UK lodged a complaint to the media regulator because of Iran International's interview with a separatist group spokesman after they claimed responsibility for a terrorist attack on a military parade in Ahvaz in Khuzestan Province, killing 25 civilians and military.[51] The channel aired an interview with Yaqoub Hor Altostari, presented as a spokesman for the group, indirectly claiming responsibility for the attack and calling it "resistance against legitimate targets".[52] After a long investigation Ofcom ruled that Iran International did not breach any rules.[53][54]

According to the regulator, Iran International’s presenter “clearly challenged his views and emphasised the violent nature of the attack” during the interview. The channel also included a number of different viewpoints and repeatedly quoted news agencies describing the terrorist nature of the incident.[55]

Alleged lack of editorial independence[]

Though the TV station states that it "adheres to strict international standards of impartiality, balance and accountability",[56] questions has been raised regarding its editorial independence.[49][56]

In October 2018, The Guardian cited an unnamed insider who said that the editorial content had been influenced by its investors, but denied reports that funding came from Saudis tied to Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman.[49]

According to The Wall Street Journal, "[some] journalists at Iran International have complained that management is pushing a pro-Saudi, anti-Islamic Republic line". WSJ quoted a former correspondent at the TV station commenting that "a systematic and very persistent push" was made during her time there.[56]

Union busting[]

Michelle Stanistreet, general secretary of National Union of Journalists (NUJ) told Press Gazette "[o]ur members at Iran International have faced intimidation and harassment for their work as journalists —that their rights of freedom of association should be trampled on in this way is a grave injustice and one that the NUJ will do all it can to rectify".[57]

On 10 July 2020, International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) released a statement and condemned union busting efforts made by Iran International, its refusal to engage with the UK government's non-departmental public body Acas to recognize a NUJ chapel, as well as what it called a "breach of international labour standards".[58] Iran International had signed a recognition deal with the British Association of Journalists (BAJ), which IFJ describes as a "sweetheart deal" with an "obscure journalists' union", and appointed a senior manager to represent staff while pressuring them to join BAJ.[58] NUJ stated that BAJ had no members there before the deal was made.[57] As of July 2020, BAJ claimed 20 members working at Iran International while NUJ said an "overwhelming majority" of the 140 workers are its members.[57]

On 15 July 2020, it was reported that Labour peer Lord John Hendy submitted a complaint to International Labour Organization (ILO) against the BAJ and Iran International.[59]

Persecution of Iran International staff[]

In December 2019, Shanti Das of The Times reported that Iran is waging an "intimidation campaign" against personnel of the TV station, freezing their assets, interrogating their relatives and "threatening to snatch them from British streets if they do not quit their jobs". Iran's Ministry of Intelligence had previously named the employees of Iran International as "enemy of the state", writing on its website that those who "serve foreigners" and "betray the country" will be punished.[60] The same publication wrote in May 2020 that Iran International is thought to be target of a state-sponsored programme that "has sought to discredit its reporting and trace its followers" by creating replicas of its social media accounts. Instagram was criticized for hosting the fake accounts.[61]

Staff[]

The head of TV is Mahmood Enayat,[62] the editor-in-chief of the channel is Hossein Rassam,[42] who was formerly chief political analyst at the British embassy in Tehran.[63] Iran International's news director is Aliasghar Ramezanpour,[64] who was the deputy Minister of Culture of Iran under former president Mohammad Khatami.[65]

In July 2019, Iranian media reported Mazdak Mirzaei, a football commentator and TV host joined Iran International. Mirzaei had worked for IRIB on the weekly TV sports program Navad, that was suspended by the new head of IRIB 3 in March 2019.[47]

In September 2021, Iran International journalist Tajuden Soroush published several reports on Afghanistan following the 15 August 2021 Fall of Kabul.[66][67][68]

Accolades[]

Award Year Organizer Result Ref
International Channel of the Year 2019 Association for International Broadcasting Nominated [69]
International Channel of the Year 2020 Association for International Broadcasting Nominated [70]

References[]

  1. ^ Kerr, Simeon; England, Andrew; O’Murchu, Cynthia (8 January 2019), "Saudi-backed broadcaster launches video challenge to Netflix", Financial Times, retrieved 17 July 2020, Saudi investors have also established a London-based Persian-language news network, Iran International, to serve Iranian viewers.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Reid-Smith, Tris (2020-06-17). "How this lesbian TV reporter uses journalism to fight for the LGBT+ community in Iran". Gay Star News. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c McKay, Hollie (2020-06-26). "From poisonings to beheadings, 'honor killings' in Iran gets a fresh spotlight with social media". Fox News. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  4. ^ "CNA named Channel of the Year by Association for International Broadcasting". CNA. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  5. ^ "Association for International Broadcasting". Iran International. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  6. ^ "Amir Tataloo: Iranian rapper detained by Turkish authorities". BBC News. 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  7. ^ "Zaghari-Ratcliffe endures further wait for Iranian decision on release". the Guardian. 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Kheyri, Dr Homayoun (2020-03-01). "Iran's negligence may lead to an even greater global viral outbreak". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  9. ^ Newey, Sarah; Kelly-Linden, Jordan; Harding, LaToya; Team, Global Health Security (2020-02-21). "Coronavirus: Chance to contain outbreak is 'narrowing' says WHO". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  10. ^ "Evacuated Americans flown home against medical advice and hundreds infected in China prisons". The Independent. 2020-02-21. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  11. ^ "Iran steps up coronavirus response as high ranking government officials test positive". ABC Radio National. 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c "About Us". Iran International. 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  13. ^ "Iranians' Attitudes Toward Media: A 2021 Survey Report". گَمان - گروه مطالعات افکارسنجی ایرانیان (in Persian). 2021-04-05. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
  14. ^ "UK-based TV stations Iran Intl, Manoto 'most popular' among Iranians: Survey". Al Arabiya English. 2021-04-05. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "Six in 10 queer Iranians have been assaulted by homophobic family members. Almost half have been sexually assaulted in public". PinkNews - Gay news, reviews and comment from the world's most read lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans news service. 2020-09-18. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  16. ^ "Report details LGBTQ Iranians' violent experiences". The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  17. ^ "Health Officials Urge Cities Lockdown As Iran Covid Deaths Rise". Iran International. 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  18. ^ "What Is Iran's Nuclear Issue And The JCPOA - FAQs". Iran International. 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  19. ^ "Will Biden And His Foreign-Policy Chief Revive The Iran Nuclear Deal?". Iran International. 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  20. ^ "Iran International TV nominated for the "International Network of the Year" award 2019". Iran International. 2019-09-17. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  21. ^ Campbell, Lucy; Topping, Alexandra (2020-06-05). "UK coronavirus: face coverings and masks to be mandatory in English hospitals – as it happened". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b "Richard Ratcliffe: Nazanin is a diplomatic hostage of Islamic Republic". Iran International. 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  23. ^ "'The Salesman' Star Taraneh Alidoosti Gets Deferred Prison Sentence in Iran | Hollywood Reporter". www.hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  24. ^ "How governments and criminals use coronavirus to make big bucks". The Independent. 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b Mostafa (2020-09-13). "Navid Afkari's Corpse Buried Amid Severe Security Measures". Iran News Update. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  26. ^ "Iran's Zarif criticises Revolutionary Guards' influence in leaked tape". BBC News. 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  27. ^ "Iran foreign minister criticises power of Qassem Suleimani in leaked interview". the Guardian. 2021-04-25. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  28. ^ Rising, David. "Iran nuclear talks resume after Zarif says Russia tried to wreck deal". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  29. ^ "GOP tears into Kerry amid Iran controversy". POLITICO. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  30. ^ "Supreme Court confirms the death sentence of Navid Afkari". Iran International. 2020-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  31. ^ "Zarif Falsely Claims Navid Afkari's Execution Was Unrelated to Protests". Iran International. 2020-09-21. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  32. ^ "From Child Marriage to Child Murder". Iran International. 2020-06-02. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  33. ^ "Thailand: Prisoners Exchanged With Kylie Moore Gilbert Convicted Terrorists". Iran International. 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  34. ^ "Four Adolescents In Iran Sentenced To Amputation Of Fingers For Theft - Report". Iran International. 2020-09-18. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b "Iran's police confirmed the fourth case of honor killing in less than a month". Iran International. 2020-06-19. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  36. ^ "Iranian Swedish Prisoner Transferred To Solitary Before Possible Execution". Iran International. 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  37. ^ "Javaid Rehman: 85 Children Awaiting Execution in Iran". Iran International. 2019-02-28. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  38. ^ Dams, Tim (2020-03-09). "Top Festivals Protest Jail Sentence for Berlinale Winner Mohammad Rasoulof". Variety. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  39. ^ "About Us". Iran International. 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  40. ^ Jump up to: a b c "VOLANT MEDIA UK LTD - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". beta.companieshouse.gov.uk.
  41. ^ "Ofcom Home - Licensing Home - TV Cable and Satellite". Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  42. ^ Jump up to: a b Rosen, Armin (5 October 2018). "Iranian exiles use creativity and tech smarts to get real news past the regime's censors". Fast Company. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  43. ^ "Iran International". DMA Media. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b correspondent, Saeed Kamali Dehghan Iran (2018-10-31). "Concern over UK-based Iranian TV channel's links to Saudi Arabia". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
  45. ^ "New chairman for telecom provider Zain Saudi". Reuters. 2013-03-23. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b c Faghihi, Rohollah (20 March 2020), "Backlash in Iran after singers perform at Saudi Arabia festival", Middle East Eye, retrieved 17 July 2020
  47. ^ Jump up to: a b Ziabari, Kourosh (2019-08-19). "Is Iran's national broadcaster being pushed to brink of irrelevance?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  48. ^ "How governments and criminals use coronavirus to make big bucks". The Independent. 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  49. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kamali Dehghan, Saeed (31 October 2018). "Concern over UK-based Iranian TV channel's links to Saudi Arabia". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  50. ^ "Iran's troubles are mounting at home and abroad", The Economist, 27 September 2018, retrieved 17 July 2020, One of the groups that claimed responsibility for the attack did so through Iran International, a television station based in Britain and funded by Saudi investors.
  51. ^ "Deadly gun attack at Iran military parade". 2018-09-22. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
  52. ^ "Iran points finger at Arab separatists for deadly attack". France 24. 2018-09-23. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
  53. ^ Waterson, Jim (2019-03-26). "Iran TV station did not break rules over interview praising attack – Ofcom". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  54. ^ Radio, Farda (27 March 2019). "Persian TV Channel Did Not Break Rules, British Media Regulator Says". RFE/RL. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  55. ^ "Iran TV station did not break rules over interview praising attack – Ofcom". the Guardian. 2019-03-26. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
  56. ^ Jump up to: a b c Jones, Rory; Faucon, Benoit; Hagey, Keach (8 February 2019), "Saudi Arabia Sought Vice's Help to Build a Media Empire", The Wall Street Journal, retrieved 17 July 2020
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b c Tobitt, Charlotte (17 July 2020), "UK-based Iran International journalists' rights 'trampled' amid threats from Iranian state", Press Gazette, archived from the original on 19 July 2020, retrieved 17 July 2020
  58. ^ Jump up to: a b International Federation of Journalists (14 July 2020). "IFJ condemns the actions of Iran International to frustrate the recognition process of its affiliate, the NUJ" (Press release). Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  59. ^ "Union-busting British Association of Journalist to be reported to the UN's International Labour Organisation", National Union of Journalists, 15 July 2020, retrieved 17 July 2020
  60. ^ Das, Shanti. "Iran threatens to 'snatch' Farsi reporters from British soil". ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
  61. ^ Ball, Tom. "Instagram accused of endangering Iran critics". ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
  62. ^ "Mahmoud Enayat is the New GM of Iran International". Iran International. 2019-01-18. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  63. ^ "British embassy worker in Iran has sentence commuted". BBC News. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
  64. ^ https://iranintl.com/en/iran/ofcom-rejects-islamic-republic%E2%80%99s-complaint-against-iran-international: "Ofcom, UK media regulator, says Iran International’s coverage of Ahvaz attack was 'clearly justified' and a 'legitimate topic for discussion'...The Channel's Executive Editor of News, Aliasghar Ramezanpour, said: 'Any website or media organization which does not remove misleading and defamatory coverage after today's ruling will now face legal action by Iran International.'"
  65. ^ https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-faith-healer-who-scared-the-regime/27189544.html: "Ali Asghar Ramezanpour...served as deputy culture minister under former reformist President Mohammad Khatami"
  66. ^ Krishnankutty, Pia (2021-09-10). "Taliban vandalise tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud, 'Lion of Panjshir', on his 20th death anniversary". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 2021-09-11. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  67. ^ "Atrocities Committed By The Afghan Taliban Since The Fall Of Kabul". Middle East Media Research Institute. 2021-09-02. Archived from the original on 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  68. ^ van Bijlert, Martine (2021-09-01). "The Moment in Between: After the Americans, before the new regime". . Archived from the original on 2021-09-08. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
  69. ^ "The AIBs 2019 The Shortlist" (PDF). Association for International Broadcasting. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  70. ^ "CNA named Channel of the Year by Association for International Broadcasting". CNA. Retrieved 2020-12-11.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""