Iranian diaspora

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Non-resident Iranian and person of Iranian origin
Iranian people in the world.svg
Map of the Iranian diaspora in the world as of 2021
Total population
over 4 million (2021)[1][2]
Americas1,905,813 (47,20%)
Europe1,184,552 (29,34%)
West Asia and Other2,433,000 (60,26%)
Languages
Languages of Iran
Religion
  • Religion in Iran
  • Islam
  • Zoroastrianism
  • Christianity
  • Baháʼí
  • Judaism

Iranians abroad or Iranian diaspora refers to Iranian people living outside Iran.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

According to various sources, in 2010, there were an estimated 2 to 3 million Iranians living abroad, mostly in North America, Europe, Persian Gulf States, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Australia and the broader Middle East.[9][10] Others estimate a lower number, of around 1.5 million or less.[11] Many Iranians emigrated after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.[12] On 2021 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran published new statistics showing that 4,037,258 Iranians are currently living abroad.[13][14]

Statistics by country[]

Map of the Iranian diaspora in the world as of 2021.
  Iran
  + 1,000,000
  + 100,000
  + 10,000
  + 1,000
Popularity change of countries amoung Iranian Immigrants (2016-2021.[15]
List of countries and territories by Iranian population
Country Iranian-born in 2021 Article
 United States Increase 1,500,000 (2021)[16] Iranian American
 Canada Increase 400,000 (2021)[17] Iranian Canadian
 United Kingdom Increase 400,000 (2021)[18] Iranians in the United Kingdom
United Arab Emirates UAE Increase 357,000 (2021)[19] Iranians in the United Arab Emirates
 Germany Increase 319,000 (2021)[20] Iranians in Germany
 Turkey Increase 126,640 (2021)[21] Immigration to Turkey
 Australia Increase 120,000 (2021) Iranian Australian
 Sweden Increase 116,770 (2021)[22] Swedish Iranians
 Iraq Decrease 110,920 (2021) Persians in Iraq
 France Increase 90,000 (2021)[23] Iranians in France
 Netherlands Increase 52,000 (2021) Iranians in the Netherlands
 Austria Steady 40,000 (2021)
 Italy Steady 38,000 (2021)
 Kuwait Decrease 38,000 (2021) 'Ajam of Kuwait
 Malaysia Decrease 30,000 (2021) Iranians in Malaysia
 Denmark Steady 28,700 (2021) Iranians in Denmark
 Norway Decrease 20,000 (2021) Norwegian Iranians
  Switzerland Increase 20,000 (2021) Demographics of Switzerland
 Belgium Decrease 20,000 (2021)
 Qatar Decrease 20,000 (2021) Iranians in Qatar
 Georgia Increase 16,500 (2021)
 India Decrease 12,760 (2021) Demographics of India
 New Zealand Increase 12,000 (2021) Iranian New Zealander
 Spain Decrease 12,000 (2021) Iranians in Spain
 Azerbaijan Decrease 10,000 (2021)
 Armenia Decrease 10,000 (2021)
 Japan Decrease 10,000 (2021) Iranians in Japan
 Syria Decrease 10,000 (2021) Iranians in Syria
 Oman Decrease 9,500 (2021)
 China Decrease 7,780 (2021) Iranians in China
 Russia Decrease 6,567 (2021) 50,000 (2002)[24] Iranians in Russia
 Finland Decrease 6,200 (2021) 7,402 (2018) Iranians in Finland
 Lebanon Decrease 5,000 (2021) Iranians in Lebanon
 Thailand Steady 5,000 (2021) Iranians in Thailand
 Cyprus Increase 5,000 (2021)
 South Africa Steady 5,000 (2021)
 Ukraine Decrease 4,200 (2021)
 Hungary Decrease 4,111 (2021)
 Pakistan Decrease 3,950 (2021) Iranians in Pakistan
 Afghanistan Decrease 3,800 (2021)
 Romania Decrease 3,500 (2021) Iranians in Romania
 Kazakhstan Decrease 3,000 (2021)
 Greece Steady 2,500 (2021) Demographics of Greece
 Brazil Steady 2,000 (2021)
 Argentina Steady 2,000 (2021)
 Poland Decrease 2,000 (2021)
 South Korea Decrease 1,770 (2021)
 Philippines Increase 1,500 (2021) Iranians in the Philippines
 Portugal Decrease 1,215 (2021)
 Slovak Republic Decrease 1,140 (2021)
 Tajikistan Increase 1,000 (2021)
 Tanzania Steady 1,000 (2021)
 Ireland Increase 1,000 (2021)
 Czech Republic Decrease 1,000 (2021)
 Mexico Steady 500 (2021)
 Bulgaria Decrease 500 (2021)
 Egypt Decrease 500 (2021)
 Kyrgyzstan Decrease 500 (2021)
 Hong Kong Increase 410 (2021)
 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Steady 400 (2021)
 Indonesia Decrease 400 (2021)
 Colombia Steady 350 (2021) Iranian Colombians
 Chile Steady 300 (2021)
 Belarus Decrease 227 (2021)
 Sudan Steady 225 (2021)
 Singapore Steady 200 (2021)
 Serbia Decrease 171 (2021)
 Uzbekistan Decrease 170 (2021)
 Bolivia Steady 150 (2021)
 Slovenia Decrease 125 (2021)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Decrease 110 (2021)
 Jordan Steady 100 (2021)
 Kenya Steady 70 (2021)
 Ghana Steady 70 (2021)
 Uruguay Steady 70 (2021)
 Ivory Coast Steady 65 (2021)
 Croatia Decrease 60 (2021)
 Turkmenistan Decrease 54 (2021)
 Uganda Steady 50 (2021)
 Tunisia Steady 47 (2021)
 Senegal Steady 47 (2021)
 Bangladesh Decrease 44 (2021)
 Mauritius Steady 41 (2021)
 Vietnam Steady 40 (2021)
 Nicaragua Steady 40 (2021)
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Steady 23 (2021)
 Brunei Steady 21 (2021)
 Algeria Steady 20 (2021)
 Gambia Steady 17 (2021)
 Niger Steady 15 (2021)
 Nigeria Steady 15 (2021)
 Ethiopia Steady 12 (2021)
 Madagascar Steady 12 (2021)
 Albania Decrease 12 (2021)
 North Macedonia Decrease 11 (2021)
 Cameroon Steady 10 (2021)
 Guinea Steady 10 (2021)
 Namibia Steady 10 (2021)
 Burkina Faso Steady 6 (2021)
 Cuba Decrease 3 (2021)
 Mali Steady 2 (2021)
 North Korea Steady 1 (2021)
 Sri Lanka Decrease 0 (2021)
 Saudi Arabia Decrease 0 (2021)
West Asia and Other Increase 2,433,000 (60,26%) (2021) Anglosphere
North, Middle and South America Increase 1,905,813 (47,20%) (2021) Americas
Europe Increase 1,184,552 (29,34%) (2021) Europe
Total: Increase 4,037,258 (2021)[25] List of sovereign states and

dependent territories

by immigrant population

Socioeconomic status[]

Iranians are often well-educated. Iranian-Americans are among the most highly educated in the United States. Nearly 60 percent have earned at least an undergraduate degree and also have one of the highest rates of self-employment among immigrant groups. Many have founded their own companies, including Isaac Larian, the founder of MGA Entertainment, a manufacturer of children’s toys and games and consumer electronics. Pierre Omidyar founded eBay in 1995 in San Jose, California is also an American with Iranian ancestry. Iranian households earn on average $87,288 annually, and are ranked ninth by income.[26]

Students abroad[]

See also: Higher education in Iran and Iran's brain drain

According to the Iranian government, 55,686 Iranian students were studying abroad in 2013.[27] Out of this number, 8,883 students were studying in Malaysia, 7,341 in the United States, 5,638 in Canada, 3,504 in Germany, 3,364 in Turkey, 3,228 in Britain, and the rest in other countries.[28][29] According to an estimate by the Iranian Ministry of Education, between 350,000 and 500,000 Iranians were studying outside Iran as of 2014.[30]

Politics[]

Economics[]

See also: Foreign direct investment in Iran

Their combined net worth is $1.3 trillion (2006 est.)[31][32] In 2000, the Iran Press Service reported that Iranian expatriates had invested between $200 and $400 billion in the United States, Europe, and China, but almost nothing in Iran.[10] In Dubai, Iranian expatriates have invested an estimated $200 billion (2006).[33] Migrant Iranian workers abroad remitted less than two billion dollars home in 2006.[34]

High net-worth individuals[]

See also: Social class in Iran and List of Iranians by net worth
National ranking Name Citizenship Net worth (USD) Source(s) of wealth
1 Pierre Omidyar
IranUnited StatesFrance
 12.9 billion [35] eBay
2 Ghermezian family
IranCanada
 4.0 billion [36] Triple Five Group
3 Farhad Moshiri
IranUnited Kingdom
 2.8 billion [37] Metalloinvest, Everton
4 Nazarian family
IranUnited States
 2.0 billion [38] Qualcomm
5 Vincent & Robert Tchenguiz
IranUnited Kingdom
 1.4 billion [39][40] Real Estate
6 Manny Mashouf
IranUnited States
 1.3 billion [41] Bebe stores
7 Merage family
IranUnited States
 1.1 billion [42] Hot Pockets
8 Nasser David Khalili
IranUnited Kingdom
 1.0 billion [43] Real Estate
9 Hassan Khosrowshahi
IranCanada
 950 million [44] Future Shop
10 Omid Kordestani
IranUnited States
 900 million [45] Google
11 Anousheh Ansari
IranUnited States
 750 million [46] Sonus Networks
12 Isaac Larian
IranUnited States
 723 million [45] MGA Entertainment
13 Arash Ferdowsi
IranUnited States
 400 million [47] Dropbox

Expatriate fund[]

See also: Privatization in Iran § Iranian expatriates role, and Tehran Stock Exchange § Foreign portfolio investment

The government has proposed setting up a joint investment fund with $5 billion in basic capital and an economic union to serve Iranians living abroad. The stated goal is to attract investment from Iranian expatriates and to use their experience in stimulating foreign investments.[48] Later, in 2010, it was announced that Iran will start the process by creating a national fund with a basic capital of eight million euros. This fund will later transform into a bank.[citation needed]

The currency used in the fund is the euro and investors are supported by the Organization for Investment, Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran. Iran will pay a guaranteed 10 percent interest on foreign investment.[49] The value of each share in the fund is 1,000 euros. The minimum and the maximum investment amounts are 100,000 and 500,000 shares [sic], respectively.[49]

Religious affiliation[]

See also: Religion in Iran and Irreligion in Iran

Iranians are predominantly Shia Muslims. A number of Iranians have converted to Christianity in the diaspora from the predominant Shia Islam.[citation needed] While this group accounts for rather a small percentage of the total diaspora population, it is now far from marginal,[citation needed] with dozens of Iranian churches existing throughout countries with significant Iranian communities, including the United States, Canada,[50] the United Kingdom,[51] Sweden, and Germany.[52] There also notable groups of Baháʼí, Jewish, and Zoroastrian Iranians.

A significant number of Iranians abroad are irreligious, Agnostic and Atheist.[53][54][55] While reliable statistics are difficult to come by, it is safe to say that the percentage of irreligious Iranians is significantly higher in the diaspora than in Iran, particularly with regard to Iranian-Americans and those living in Europe and Canada.[56]

Notes[]

[note 1] The Iranian citizens abroad (scope of this article) differ from the other Iranian peoples living in other areas of Greater Iran, who are members of the same ethno-linguistic family, speaking languages belonging to the Iranian languages (a branch of Indo-European languages). There are an estimated 150 to 200 million native speakers of Iranian languages (including 80 million in Iran as of 2016), the five major groups of Persians, Lurs, Pashtuns, Kurds and Baloch accounting for about 90% of this number.[57] Currently, most of these Iranian people live in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, parts of Uzbekistan (especially Samarkand and Bukhara), the Caucasus (Ossetia and Azerbaijan) and the Kurdish areas (referred to as Kurdistan) of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria. Smaller groups of Iranian people can also be found in western China. Due to recent migrations, there are also large communities of speakers of Iranian languages in Europe, the Americas and Israel.[citation needed]

[note 2] In some countries naturalized citizens, dual citizens, or children with only one Iranian/foreign-born parent are counted (for statistical purposes) as citizens/nationals of the host country only (i.e. citizen of the country of residence). For example all naturalized Swiss citizens have a legal "Swiss origin" even though it is often not the same as their place of birth. Country statistics (by national origin) generally exclude illegal immigration.

[note 3] Same as "Iranian-born" but includes their children born abroad.

[note 4] Iranian ancestry (i.e. second or third generation), not necessarily Iranian citizenship.

[note 5] In the period from 1961 to 2005, the United States has been the main destination of Iranian emigrants. A total of 378,995 Iranians have immigrated to the United States in that period, where the major concentrations of Iranian immigrants are California (158,613 Iran-born in 2000),[58] New York state (17,323),[58] Texas (15,581),[58] Virginia (10,889),[58] and Maryland (9,733)[58] Los Angeles Metropolitan Area was estimated to be host to approximately 114,712 Iranian immigrants,[58] earning the Westwood area of LA the nickname Tehrangeles. In the case of the United States, the US Census Bureau's decennial census form does not offer a designation for individuals of Iranian descent. Consequently, it is estimated that only a fraction of the total number of Iranians are writing in their ancestry. The 2000 Census Bureau estimates that the Iranian-American community (including the US-born children of the Iranian foreign born) numbers around 330,000. However, studies using alternative statistical methods have estimated the actual number of Iranian Americans in the range of 691,000 to 1.2 million.[10][59]

See also[]

References[]

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Sources[]

External links[]

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