Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica

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Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. spuria
Subspecies:
I. s. subsp. musulmanica
Trinomial name
Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica
(Fomin) Takht.
Synonyms [1]
  • Iris daenensis Kotschy ex Baker
  • Iris musulmanica Fomin
  • Iris spuria var. daenensis (Kotschy ex Baker) Baker
  • Xyridion musulmanicum (Fomin) Rodion.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description[]

It has a thin or stout, creeping rhizome.[2][3]

It has linear, lanceolate, sword-like, leaves.[4][5][6] That are blue-green, grey-green or dark green.[4][5][7] The leaves are normally wider than Iris notha,[8] at 8–17 cm (3–7 in) wide,[9][10] and they can grow up to 50 cm (20 in) long.[5][6] They are shorter than the flowering stem.[2]

It has an erect, strong, straight stem that can grow up to between 40–100 cm (16–39 in) tall.[11][12][13] It has thick,[8] linear, lanceolate, spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[2] That are 13 mm wide and have a white membranous edge.[2]

The stems hold several, terminal (top of stem) flowers,[2] in late spring,[7] or summer,[11] between May and July.[5][6][9] It has flowers that are up to 6–10 cm (2–4 in) in diameter,[3][9][10] they come in various shades of blue including deep blue,[10][14][15] deep violet,[12][13][16] lavender,[4][11] purple,[5][7][17] and very rarely, white.[13][17][15] They are very similar in colour to Iris spuria subsp. demetrii,[18] and similar in form to Iris sibirica, but slightly larger with wider petals.[15] It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[19] The falls have an elliptical blade, and then a narrow claw (section closest to the stem), which is equal or slight longer than the blade.[2][9][11] The blade has a yellow or white central stripe or signal area,[4] around it are darker veins heading to the edges.[5][17][16] They are 5.5–8 cm (2–3 in) long.[11] The upright, lanceolate,[3] standards are a single colour, they gradually narrow to the claw (near the stem).[2] It has a perianth tube that is shorter than the ovary. It has also style branches that are as long as the claw of the falls.[2]

After the iris has flowered, it produces an oblong cylindrical capsule,[3][5][6] with 6 angles,[2] that has a long spout like appendage.[2][5][6] It fruits between August and September.[2][6] Inside the capsule are, flat, semi-circular or reniform (kidney shaped), off-white to pale brown.[5][6][20]

Biochemistry[]

In 1988, a study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica, and found a chemical compound ( 12a-hydroxyrotenoid ).[21] In 2005, the seeds of the iris were studied in Turkey. Along with a morphological and anatomical investigation. The oil content and methyl esters of fatty acids of the seed were also examined. They contained linoleic acid (40%) and oleic acid (30%).[20]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[19] It has a chromosome count: 2n=44.[12][13]

Taxonomy[]

The Latin specific epithet musulmanica is derived from Musulman (the Persian word for Muslim).

It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'.[18][22]

It was original published as Iris musulmanica by Aleksandr Vasiljevich Fomin in Vĕstnik Tiflisskago Botaniceskago Sada. Moniteur du Jardin Botanique de Tiflis (Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada) xiv. 46 in 1909.[2][23] It was later re-classified as a subspecies of Iris spuria, as Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica by Armen Takhtajan in Flora Erevana: opredelitel dik orastushdikh rastenii Araratskoi Kotloving (Fl. Erevana) edit.2 on page 330 in 1972.[24][25] It was later publisher and illustrated in 'Flora Iranica' (Edited by Rechinger), within Iridaceae (chapter), plate12 in 1975.[11] It was then published by Brian Mathew, in his book 'The Iris' on page 20 in 1981.[11] It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003, and then updated on 3 December 2004.[25] Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is an accepted name by the RHS.[26]

Distribution and habitat[]

It is native temperate regions of Asia.[25][26]

Range[]

It is found within Iran,[15][25][27] and Turkey,[18][25][27] or Asia Minor.[3][10][20] It is found in the Caucasus regions,[10][11][14] of Armenia,[17][25][28] Transcaucasia,[9][15][26] and Azerbaijan.[12][13][25]

Habitat[]

It grows in damp meadows,[9][10] marshes,[2][3][28] in saline soils,[3][9][28] and in the grassy plains by rivers.[5][9] It is found in a wide zone between the lowlands and the uplands.[3] It can create huge colonies of plants.[9]

Conservation[]

In Armenia, it is rare and grows in the salt marshes of the Ararat Valley (between Mount Ararat and Mount Aragats) with other endemic species including, , , , Orchis laxiflora and .[28] It is listed in the Azerbaijan Red Data Book.[22]

Cultivation[]

It is hardy, and can survive most winters without shelter.[5] Although is less robust than Iris orientalis and Iris xanthospuria.[9] It is hardy to Europe Zone H2.[11] It can be grown in most nutrient rich garden soils.[9][10][15] Soils that Iris siberica grow in are suitable for Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica.[15] It prefers positions in full sun or partial shade.[4][7] It can be grown in either a rockery or sunny flower border.[4] In Turkey, Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica, with Narcissus poeticus and Tulipa sylvestris are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens in the region.[29] The iris is susceptible to slug damage.[9] It is only normally found with specialised Iris growers or nurseries.[12]

Propagation[]

It can also be propagated by division or by seed growing. Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica usually germinates within 30–545 days.[citation needed]

Uses[]

It has been listed with Iris paradoxa and Iris orientalis as a suitable halophyte crop.[30]

References[]

  1. ^ "Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV". Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Rencova, Eva (5 August 2013). "Iris spuria ssp. musulmanica". botany.cz. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Iris Spuria ssp. Musulmanica, Spuria-iris". konnklubb.nordicshops.com. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Tall irises Spurrier". click-art.ru. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Subgenus Xyridion (Xyridion) – Wood-iris rhizome". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Perennials – Iris" (PDF). rbg.ca. 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 255, at Google Books
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Phillips, Roger; Rix, Martyn (1991). Perennials Vol. 1. Pan Books Ltd. p. 225. ISBN 9780330327749.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Lat. Iris". agbina.com. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 255, at Google Books
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kramb, D. "Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "Bezkartáčkaté irises". zahradaweb.cz. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Iris spuria ssp. musulmanica". rareplants.de. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b "Iris Musulmanica Spuria Iris". comancheacresiris.com. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Blazek, Milan. "Iris spuria and related species – the importance of culture". ibotky.cz. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Spurius Irises, History, Groups And Types, Cultivation And Maintenance". liveinternet.ru. 20 January 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c Güvenç, Ayşegül; Kurucu, Semra; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Arihan, Okan; Erdurak, Ceyda Sibel (2005). "Investigation on the seeds of Iris Spuria l. subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. (Iridaceace)". Turkish J. Pharm. Sci. 3: 125–136. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  21. ^ Shawl, Abdul S.; Mengi, N.; Misra, L.N.; Vishwapaul (1988). "Irispurinol, a 12a Hydroxyrotenoid from Iris Spuria". Phytochemistry. 27 (10): 3331–3332. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80061-x.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Red Book (2nd edition) has been included in the list of plant and fungal species". eco.gov.az. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  23. ^ "Iridaceae Iris musulmanica Fomin". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  24. ^ "Iridaceae Iris spuria L. subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Search the RHS Horticultural Database". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  27. ^ Jump up to: a b "Iris musulmanica Fomin". asianflora.com. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Asatryan, A. "Important Plant Areas of Armenia: Research for Conservation" (PDF). nerium.net (Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  29. ^ Bilge Şene (Editor) Biodiversity: Biomolecular Aspects of Biodiversity and Innovative Utilization, p. 247, at Google Books
  30. ^ M. Ajmal Khan, Benno Boer and Munir Ozturk (Editors)Sabkha Ecosystems: Volume Iv: Cash Crop Halophyte and Biodiversity Conservation, Volume 4 , p. 124, at Google Books

Sources[]

  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR) [= I. musulmanica Fomin]
  • Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 118.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora Iranica.

External links[]

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