Iron Gates Mesolithic
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Geographical range | Iron Gates, Danube Valley |
Period | Mesolithic |
Dates | 11,000–3500 BCE |
Type site | Lepenski Vir |
Preceded by | Epigravettian |
Followed by | First Temperate Neolithic |
The Iron Gates Mesolithic is a Mesolithic archaeological culture, dating to between 11,000 and 6,000 years BCE, in the Iron Gates region of the Danube River, in modern Romania and Serbia.
Major sites within this archaeological complex include Lepenski Vir. Despite a foraging economy, stages at this site dated at c. 6300–6000 BCE have been described as "the first city in Europe",[1][2][3] due to its permanency, organisation, as well as the sophistication of its architecture and construction techniques.[4][5] Lepenski Vir consists of one large settlement with around 10 satellite villages. Numerous piscine sculptures and peculiar architecture have been found at the site.
Genetics[]
A February 2018 study published in Nature included an analysis of a large number of individuals from the Iron Gates Mesolithic dating from 9500 BC to 5000 BC. They were most closely related to Western European hunter-gatherers, but with some additional affinity toward Eastern European hunter-gatherers and Anatolian Neolithic farmers. Their most common maternal haplogroup was U5, typical of European hunter-gatherers, but they also carried haplogroups U4, K1, and a single case of H13. Their paternal haplogroups were I and R, which predominated in other European hunter-gatherers as well. Where a finer classification was possible, the R was specifically R1b1a-L754 (not belonging to subclade R1b1a1a-P297), and the I belonged to I2a-L460. [6]
See also[]
- Motala#Archaeogenetics
- Zvejnieki burial ground
- Deriivka
- Khvalynsk#Archaeogenetics
- Samara culture#Genetics
Footnotes[]
- ^ Jovanović, Jelena; Power, Robert C.; de Becdelièvre, Camille; Goude, Gwenaëlle; Stefanović, Sofija (2021-01-01). "Microbotanical evidence for the spread of cereal use during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the Southeastern Europe (Danube Gorges): Data from dental calculus analysis". Journal of Archaeological Science. 125: 105288. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105288. ISSN 0305-4403.
- ^ Bonsall, C.; Cook, G. T.; Hedges, R. E. M.; Higham, T. F. G.; Pickard, C.; Radovanović, I. (2004/ed). "Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Evidence of Dietary Change from the Mesolithic to the Middle Ages in the Iron Gates: New Results from Lepenski Vir". Radiocarbon. 46 (1): 293–300. doi:10.1017/S0033822200039606. ISSN 0033-8222.
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(help) - ^ Pavlović, 20 August 2017, p. 20.
- ^ Pavlović, 23 August 2017.
- ^ Rusu, 2011.
- ^ Mathieson 2018.
Bibliography[]
- Geoff Bailey & Penny Spikins, Mesolithic Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
- Hristivoje Pavlović, "Tajne Lepenskog Vira I - Prvi grad u Evropi", Politika (in Serbian), 20 August 2017
- Hristivoje Pavlović, "Tajne Lepenskog Vira IV - Zapanjujuća veština obrade kamena", Politika (in Serbian) 23 August 2017.
- Ivana Radovanović, The Iron Gates Mesolithic Ann Arbor, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1996.
- Aurelian I. Rusu, "Lepenski Vir – Schela Cladovei culture’s chronology and its interpretation", Acta Musei, VI. 1, 2011.
- Mathieson, Iain (February 21, 2018). "The Genomic History of Southeastern Europe". Nature. Nature Research. 555 (7695): 197–203. doi:10.1038/nature25778. PMC 6091220. PMID 29466330.
- Mesolithic cultures of Europe
- Archaeological cultures in Serbia
- Archaeological cultures in Romania
- European archaeology stubs
- Romania stubs
- Serbia stubs