Islamic sciences

A scholar writing a commentary on the Qur'an during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1592–1666)

The Islamic sciences (Arabic: علوم الدين, romanized: ʿulūm al-dīn, lit. 'the sciences of religion') are a set of traditionally defined religious sciences practiced by Islamic scholars (ʿulamāʾ), aimed at the construction and interpretation of Islamic religious knowledge.^[1] These sciences include:

ʿIlm al-fiqh: Islamic jurisprudence
ʿIlm al-ḥadīth: the study of the authenticity of Prophetic traditions or hadith
- ʿIlm al-rijāl: the biographical study of hadith transmitters with the purpose of evaluating their trustworthiness
ʿIlm al-kalām (sometimes also called uṣūl al-dīn, "the roots of religion"): speculative theology^[2]
ʿIlm al-lugha: Arabic grammar
ʿIlm al-tafsīr: interpretation of the Qur'an
- ʿIlm al-naskh: the study of abrogation (parts of the Qur'an which supersede or cancel other parts)
ʿIlm al-tajwīd: rules for the proper recitation of the Qur'an
- ʿIlm al-qirāʾāt: on the various ways in which the Qur'an can be recited

References

^ Gilliot et al. 1960–2007.
^ On the term uṣūl al-dīn, see Gimaret 1960–2007. On the term 'speculative theology', see, e.g. Schmidtke 2016, p. 2: "rationally minded theologians employed the methods and techniques of speculative theology, ‘kalām’ or ‘ʿilm al-kalām’, as it is typically called".

Works cited

Gilliot, Cl.; Repp, R.C; Nizami, K.A.; Hooker, M.B.; Lin, Chang-Kuan; Hunwick, J.O. (1960–2007). "ʿUlamāʾ". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1278.
Gimaret, D. (1960–2007). "Uṣūl al-Dīn". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7760.
Schmidtke, Sabine (2016). "Introduction". In Schmidtke, Sabine (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–26. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.48.

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[1] Gilliot et al. 1960–2007.

[2] On the term uṣūl al-dīn, see Gimaret 1960–2007. On the term 'speculative theology', see, e.g. Schmidtke 2016, p. 2: "rationally minded theologians employed the methods and techniques of speculative theology, ‘kalām’ or ‘ʿilm al-kalām’, as it is typically called".

[1]

[2]

Islamic sciences

See also

References

Works cited