Itaipu (Glass)

Itaipu is a four-movement symphonic cantata by Philip Glass. The composition was written in 1989,^[1] and pays homage to the world's largest hydroelectric dam, built on the Paraná River between Paraguay and Brazil. The text is written in Guaraní, with a translation by Daniela Thomas. It was commissioned by the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus and was first performed on November 2, 1989.^[2]^[3]

The four movements are titled:

Mato Grosso
The Lake
The Dam
To the Sea

Instrumentation[]

Woodwinds: piccolo; 2 flutes; 3 oboes; 3 clarinets in B♭; 2 bassoons; contrabassoon

Brass: 6 horns in F; 4 trumpets in B♭; 2 trombones; bass trombone; tuba

Percussion: tambourine; tubular bells; cowbell; maracas; triangle; wood block; cymbal; snare drum; tenor drum; bass drum

Mixed chorus

Keyboards: piano

Strings: 2 harps; violins I; violins II; violas; cellos; double basses

References[]

^ Aguirre, Enrique Ballón (2006). Tradición oral peruana: literaturas ancestrales y populares, Volume 2. Fondo Editorial PUCP. p. 382. ISBN 9972427501.
^ Gramophone (1993). "Gramophone, Vol. 71, Issue 845–847". Gramophone : The World's Best Classical Music Reviews. Compton Mackenzie: 128. ISSN 0017-310X.
^ Kathleen Lusk-Brooke, Frank Paul Davidson (2006). Building the World: An Encyclopedia of the Great Engineering Projects in History. Greenwood Press. p. 716. ISBN 0313333742.

External links[]

Itaipu on Philip Glass Official Website

[Aguirre-1] Aguirre, Enrique Ballón (2006). Tradición oral peruana: literaturas ancestrales y populares, Volume 2. Fondo Editorial PUCP. p. 382. ISBN 9972427501.

[Gramophone-2] Gramophone (1993). "Gramophone, Vol. 71, Issue 845–847". Gramophone : The World's Best Classical Music Reviews. Compton Mackenzie: 128. ISSN 0017-310X.

[Davidson-Brooke-3] Kathleen Lusk-Brooke, Frank Paul Davidson (2006). Building the World: An Encyclopedia of the Great Engineering Projects in History. Greenwood Press. p. 716. ISBN 0313333742.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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Symphonies	No. 1 (Low) No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 ("Heroes") No. 5 (Choral) No. 6 (Plutonian Ode) No. 7 (Toltec) No. 8 No. 9 No. 10 No. 11 No. 12 (Lodger)
Concertos	Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tirol) Piano Concerto No. 2 (After Lewis and Clark) Harpsichord Concerto Violin Concerto (withdrawn) Violin Concerto No. 1 Violin Concerto No. 2 (American Four Seasons) Cello Concerto No. 1 Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists and Orchestra
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