Jaam-e Arjan

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A Replica of Arjan bowl

Jaam-e Arjan (also known as "Arjan bowl") is a bronze bowl of Phoenician origin, estimated to be dated between 800 B.C and 500 B.C. It was discovered in 1982, after a bulldozer working on the Marun Dam project cut into a rock tomb near Behbahan, Iran.[1]

Arjan is the ancient name of Behbahan. Originated from the Elamite period, it measures 43.5 cm by 8.5 cm. The bowl is engraved with five concentric registers around a central rosette, and contains an inscription in the Elamite language which translates to "Kidin-Hutran son of Kurlush.”

Background[]

In 1982, the remains of a tomb from the 2nd millennium BCE was discovered near an archaeological site of Arjan. The tomb covers an area of about 3.75 km2 (1.45 sq mi), with only scattered traces of buildings, walls, a castle, a qanat, a dam, and a bridge across the nearby Marun river.[2]

The tomb contains a large bronze coffin which had a golden ring, ninety-eight golden buttons, ten cylindrical vessels, a dagger, a silver bar, and a bronze tray with various images found with the coffin. The tray is called Arjan Bowl or Dezmone Starks and is more than three thousand years old. Arjan tray drawings include five painting circles in its center, a sixteen-pointed flower (similar to a Helianthus annuus sunflower, and a type of chrysanthemum). This flower symbolizes the sun and the wheel of destiny. A row of lions, cattle, and birds are associated with various rituals, and the seven circles or rings in the tray represent the sacred number seven. The number is sacred in Judaism and many other religions. The origin of this sanctity is not clear, but like many symbols of famous religions, it has a root in ancient primitive religions. The logo used by Iran at the 2020 Summer Olympics was the Arjan tray.[3]

Flowers of sixteen feathers[]

Artifacts dating to about 3150-2800 BC
Wheel on the top right corner
Relief of Anubanini, Iran

The flowers of sixteen feathers in the center of the Arjan tray is an important work that exists in many civilizations, similar to the sunflower which was introduced as the lotus, while this flower is a symbol and an icon of the sun, the spinning wheel, and the goddess of destiny having a similarity with Inanna and star of Ishtar. There is a similar symbol in Sumerian and Mesopotamian civilizations. The real secret of this flower-like symbol has not yet been properly revealed.

In the second circle of the Arjan Cup, there are lions, cattle, and birds related to the performance of various rituals. There are also seven circles or rings, representing the sacred number 7. The number 7 is sacred in Judaism and many other religions and sects. The flower-like shape was not related to the lotus flower in the first periods; later, it was attributed to the flower. In Persian culture, it is a sunflower and not resembling a lotus. The national emblem of Japan, which is also a symbol in Buddhist and Shinto temples, has 16 leaves, corresponds to the same symbol on the Arjan tray, and the symbols in Persepolis and the Indian Drama Wheel are also similar.[4] The flower-shaped wheel, in Persian, is called Dour Flak, the Dharmachakra, or the wheel of destiny. It is the oldest symbol as it has maintained its use continuously and can be traced in Elam, the Achaemenids, and other civilizations. In Greater Khorasan and present-day Afghanistan, and the Gandhara civilizations, the ancient footprints of this wheel can be seen in the same way today.

The Arjan bowl is somewhat overshadowed by its counterpart, “Arjan ring of power,” a royal golden armlet also named after Arjan, an ancient city of the Elamite era. The armlet dates back to the Neo-Elamite period (c. 1100 – 540 BC).[5][6] Elam was an ancient Iranian civilization centered in the far west and south-west of what is now modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam provinces as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The capital of Elam was Susa; in the Hellenistic age, Susiana ("the land of Susa") was part of the Seleucid and the Parthian Empire. Later, the Sasanian Persians and Arabs took control.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Majidzadeh, Yousef (1992). "The Arjan Bowl". Iran. 30: 131–144. doi:10.2307/4299876. ISSN 0578-6967.
  2. ^ Gaube, Heinz. "ARRAJĀN". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  3. ^ M, Mohammad Ajam. "ARJĀN". Parssea. Retrieved 29 Jul 2021.
  4. ^ جام-ارجان-و-رازهای-پنهان-تمدن-ایران،
  5. ^ M, Mohammad Ajam. "ARJĀN". Parssea. Retrieved 25 Aug 2021.
  6. ^ Youtube, "Arjan جام film," July 15, 2021

External links[]

  • The Arjan Bowl(article in Persian Language) [1]
  • [2]
  • Elamite bowl selected as the symbol for Iranian delegation for the Summer 2020 Olympic games in Tokyo.[1]
  • ARJĀN TOMB [3]
  • [4]
  • [5]
  • Iranatlas [6]
  • [7]
  • گلهای سنگ‌تراشی تخت جمشید گل نیلوفر یا لوتوس نیست [8]
  • ALIZADEH, A. A Tomb of the Neo-Elamite Period at Arjan, Near Behbahan,1985.
  • AMIET, P. Tiares Elamites. Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici XXX. 1992.
  • BLACK, J. and GREEN, A.Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia

(University of Texas Press),۱۹۹۲.

  • CURTIS, J. E. and READE, J. E.Art and Empire. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996.
  • DURHAM, S. The Monkey in the Middle. ZA, band 1985.

CURTIS, J. E. Later Mesopotamia and Iran: Tribes and Empires 1600-639 B.C. British Museum Press, 1995.

  • GUNTER, A. Representation of Urartian and Western Iranian Fortress Architecture in

the Assyrian Reliefs. Iran XX, 1982.

  1. ^ "Elamite bowl selected symbol for Iran Olympic delegation". Tehran Times. 2020-12-12. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
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