Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh

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This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Jaunpur district.
For other uses, see Jaunpur (disambiguation).

Jaunpur
City
Shahi bridge, Jaunpur
Jaunpur is located in Uttar Pradesh
Jaunpur
Jaunpur
Coordinates: 25°44′N 82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E / 25.73; 82.68Coordinates: 25°44′N 82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E / 25.73; 82.68
CountryIndia
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictJaunpur
Founded1359
Named forMuhammad bin Tughlaq
(nickname - Jauna Khan)
Government
 • Jaunpur (Lok Sabha constituency)Shyam Singh Yadav (BSP)
Elevation
82 m (269 ft)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total180,362
 • Density1,113/km2 (2,880/sq mi)
Language
 • OfficialHindi[2]
 • Additional officialUrdu[2]
 • RegionalBhojpuri[3]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registrationUP-62
Sex ratio924 females per 1000 males ♂/♀
Websitehttp://jaunpur.nic.in

Jaunpur (Hindustani pronunciation: [dʒɔːnpʊr] (About this soundlisten) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital Lucknow.

Jaunpur is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located.

History[]

Further information: Sultanate of Jaunpur
Billon coin of 32 rattis, issued by Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur.

Jaunpur, historically known as Sultan, having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.[4][5] In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a eunuch, who is notorious for having been the lover of Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.

It depicts the elephant Citranand attacking another, called Udiya, during the Mughal campaign against the rebel forces of Khan Zaman and Bahadur Khan in 1567.
View at Juanpore, on the River Gomti (1847)[6]

The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402–1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Raja Ganesha.[7]

During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.

The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.

Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city, several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in good form.

Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection.

During the Revolt of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center.

Present state[]

Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2 Lok Sabha and 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.

Geography[]

Rivers[]

Gomti, Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile.[8]

Demographics[]

As per 2011 Indian Census, Jaunpur NPP had population of 180,362 of which male and female were 93,718 and 86,644 respectively, that is a sex ratio of 1024 females per 1000 males. Child population in the age range of 0–6 years was 22,710. The total number of literates in Jaunpur was 128,050, which constituted 71% of the population with male literacy of 75.2% and female literacy of 66.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jaunpur was 81.2%, of which male literacy rate was 86.1% and female literacy rate was 75.9%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 12,703 and 195 respectively. There were 26216 households as of 2011.[1]

Economy[]

GSG, GS Green Enterpriese Katehari- Leduka Jaunpur was established in March 2017 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 10 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India. Hawkins Cookers Limited company has one of the three manufacturing plants in India at Jaunpur to manufacture pressure cookers and cookware.[citation needed]

Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under a growth center scheme of Govt. of India.

Virtually all kind of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as Medical, Educational, Residential, Roads, Transportation, drainage, Telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank, water supply, community center, shopping center, field hostel etc., have been fully established and are operative.[9]

Under One District, One Product (ODOP) Scheme 2018 of the UP Govt., perfume and carpet industry have been selected for Jaunpur district.[10]

Landmarks[]

Shahi Bridge
Jaunpur Jama Masjid
Jaunpur Atala Masjid

There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur including monuments, and holy places.

Monuments[]

Religious sites[]

Transportation[]

Rail[]

Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways. It has four major railway stations: Jaunpur City Railway Station(JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, Kerakat railway station (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e. Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahganj, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction.

Road[]

Jaunpur is well-connected to Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Janghai, Sultanpur, Kerakat, Ghazipur etc. Mariahu NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.

Jaunpur to Babatpur NH-56 is now 4-lane highway.[11]

Air[]

The nearest airport is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport in Varanasi, which is roughly 39 km (24 mi) from the city. The other nearest airport to Jaunpur is in Prayagraj which is roughly 142 km (88 mi) away.

Education[]

University[]

Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, formerly Purvanchal University, is in Jaunpur. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university and is named after Vir Bahadur Singh, former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.

Notable institutes[]

Local media[]

Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Hindustan, Rashtreey Sahara, Inquilab, Hausla News available in Jaunpur. Hindi and Urdu dailies also have their bureaus in the city. Almost all major Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city.a Hindi newspaper Tarunmitra is also published from Jaunpur.[citation needed]

Notable people[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Census of India: Jaunpur (NPP)". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  3. ^ India, Linguistic Survey of. Linguistic Survey of India. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 248.
  4. ^ Stan Goron and J.P. Goenka: The Coins of the Indian Sultanates, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2001.
  5. ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 98. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  6. ^ "View at Jaunpur, on the River Ganges". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. IV: 60. June 1847. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  7. ^ Goron and Goenka, p. 343.
  8. ^ Cf. "Jaunpur" article in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, p.282.
  9. ^ "About SIDA". sidajaunpur.com. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  10. ^ "Perfume industry of Jaunpur bottomed out, will rise again: Rita Bahuguna". United News of India. 1 April 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  11. ^ Sood, Jyotika (6 November 2018). "In the poll year, all roads in eastern Uttar Pradesh lead to Varanasi". Mint. Retrieved 6 September 2019.

External links[]

"Jaunpur" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.

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