Jewish Museum of Turkey

Jewish Museum of Turkey (Zülfaris Synagogue)
Established	2001
Location	Karaköy, Istanbul, Turkey
Director
Curator
Website	www.muze500.org

Jewish Museum of Turkey (officially Quincentennial Foundation Museum of Turkish Jews; Turkish: 500. Yıl Vakfı Türk Musevileri Müzesi) is a cultural center established by the to inform the society of the traditions and history of Turkish Jewry. It was inaugurated on November 25, 2001. The Quincentennial Foundation was established in 1989 by 113 Turkish citizens, Jews and Muslims alike, to celebrate the five hundredth anniversary of the arrival of Sephardim to the Ottoman Empire.^[1] The idea of a museum was proposed by who is now its curator and the foundation was financed by the prominent Jewish Kamhi family.

Historian Marc David Baer sees the museum, although ostensibly dedicated to promoting a positive view of Jewish existence in the Ottoman Empire, as ultimately focused on supporting Turkey's Armenian genocide denial.^[2] Turkish Jewish leaders have acknowledged their efforts to counter recognition of the Armenian genocide.^[3]

The building[]

In September 1856 a ceremony was held at the Zülfaris Synagogue commemorating Jewish soldiers in the French army who fought and fell alongside the Ottomans against the Russians during the Crimean war. A military unit under the command of Staff Colonel Garbi Bey was present at this ceremony.

The museum building, formerly known as Zülfaris Synagogue, was restored and remodelled to suit a museum. There is evidence that this synagogue existed in 1671, and its foundations suggest that another structure was built during the colony of the Republic of Genoa.^[4] It was recorded as "Holy Sinavi (Synagogue) in Galata" or "Kal Kadoş Galata", it was called as "Zulfaris" which is thought to have derived from the Persian word "Zülf-ü Arus", meaning "the fringe of a bride". However the actual building was re-erected over its original foundations presumably in the early 19th century, probably in 1823.^[5]

Time line[]

1882 - The marble frame surrounding the Ehal (Ark) was donated by Samuel Malki.
1890 - Repair work was carried out with the financial assistance of the Camondo Family.
1904 - Restoration work was conducted by the Jewish Community of Galata presided over by Jak Bey de Leon.
1968 - Went through substantial repair.
1979 - Assigned for worship for the Jews of Thracian origin.
1983 - Last wedding in Zülfaris.
1985 - Ceased to serve as synagogue due to lack of a congregation, and allocated to the Quincentennial Foundation by the Neve Shalom Foundation.
2001 - With the financial backing of the Kamhi Family and the contributions of Jak Kamhi, it was inaugurated as a museum.^[4]

Museum design[]

The ehal of the Zülfaris synagogue

Jewish Museum of Turkey includes sections on the intermingling cultures of Jewish and Muslim Turks and ethnographic articles that depict the traditions of Turkish Jews, as well as the historical accounts of the Jewish odyssey from Spain to Turkey.

Entrance to the building is through an iron gate into a courtyard, in which a metal sculpture by Nadia Arditti is located. Titled the "Statue of the Rising Fire", it is in memory of the Turkish Jews who died fighting in the Balkan, Dalmatia, Caucasus, Palestine, Tripolitania, Dardannelles, Korea and Liberation wars.^[4]

The octagonal main hall on the entrance floor information panels related to the history of the Zülfaris Synagogue, the Hahambaşı institution, daily life of Jews living in Istanbul and Anatolia, as well as artifacts such as letters, maps, tallits, fermans (imperial decrees) are on display. A copy of the Lausanne Treaty that recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey and with which Turkish Jews relinquished their minority privileges. The ehal (ark) on the same floor holds two torah scrolls which can be viewed. On another information panel, Jewish academicians who fled to Turkey from Europe during the Second World War and Turkish diplomats who helped Jews escape the Holocaust, some of which are Righteous Among the Nations are introduced.

The balcony, which used to be the prayer section for women holds some paintings depicting daily lives of the local Jewish community. The lower, ground floor is organized chronologically as an ethnographic section with photographs, paintings and objects pertaining to birth, circumcision, wedding, clothing, jewelry, etc.^[4]

Gallery[]

Jewish Museum of Turkey interior
Jewish Museum of Turkey interior
Jewish Museum of Turkey interior
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects
Jewish Museum of Turkey objects

References and notes[]

^ "Chief Rabbinate of Turkey (Türkiye Hahambaşılığı)". Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
^ Baer, Marc D. (2020). ""Five Hundred Years of Friendship"". Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-04542-3. Although the ostensible aim of the foundation was to promote the perception in world public opinion that the Turks had displayed tolerance toward Jews for five centuries, “as a matter of fact, the foundation aimed to counter the anti-Turkish lobbying of the Armenian and Greek lobbies in the U.S.” It is for this reason that it concentrated its efforts on US public opinion, politicians, civil society organizations, and academics. Accordingly, rather than endow Jewish studies chairs in Turkey, it supported efforts to endow chairs in Ottoman and Turkish studies in the United States that would promote utopian visions of Muslim-Jewish relations as part of an explicit effort to deny the Armenian genocide.
^ Baer 2020, p. 276. "The Quincentennial Foundation, established by Turkish Jews in 1989 with the close involvement of the Turkish foreign and prime ministries, explicitly promotes a vision of Ottoman tolerance toward Jews in order to deny the annihilation of the Armenians... Kamhi credits the foundation with having brought about the defeat of resolutions to recognize the Armenian genocide in the US Congress over the past four decades and with having changed the views of many a country’s leaders."
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Güleryüz, Naim (June 2006). "The Quincentennial Foundation Museum of Turkish Jews". Beyoğlu. No. 3. pp. 50–56..
^ "The Zülfaris Synagogue". Ayasofya Hotel. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-04.

External links[]

Jewish Museum of Turkey
Chief Rabbinate of Turkey
Shalom Newspaper, the main Jewish newspaper in Turkey

Coordinates: 41°01′36″N 28°58′22″E / 41.026749°N 28.972734°E / 41.026749; 28.972734

[1] "Chief Rabbinate of Turkey (Türkiye Hahambaşılığı)". Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2007.

[2] Baer, Marc D. (2020). ""Five Hundred Years of Friendship"". Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-04542-3. Although the ostensible aim of the foundation was to promote the perception in world public opinion that the Turks had displayed tolerance toward Jews for five centuries, “as a matter of fact, the foundation aimed to counter the anti-Turkish lobbying of the Armenian and Greek lobbies in the U.S.” It is for this reason that it concentrated its efforts on US public opinion, politicians, civil society organizations, and academics. Accordingly, rather than endow Jewish studies chairs in Turkey, it supported efforts to endow chairs in Ottoman and Turkish studies in the United States that would promote utopian visions of Muslim-Jewish relations as part of an explicit effort to deny the Armenian genocide.

[FOOTNOTEBaer2020276-3] Baer 2020, p. 276. "The Quincentennial Foundation, established by Turkish Jews in 1989 with the close involvement of the Turkish foreign and prime ministries, explicitly promotes a vision of Ottoman tolerance toward Jews in order to deny the annihilation of the Armenians... Kamhi credits the foundation with having brought about the defeat of resolutions to recognize the Armenian genocide in the US Congress over the past four decades and with having changed the views of many a country’s leaders."

[dergi-4] Güleryüz, Naim (June 2006). "The Quincentennial Foundation Museum of Turkish Jews". Beyoğlu. No. 3. pp. 50–56..

[The_Zülfaris_Synagogue-5] "The Zülfaris Synagogue". Ayasofya Hotel. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2014-08-04.

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