Jhangar Phase
Bronze Age |
↑ Chalcolithic |
Africa, Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC) |
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Egypt, Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan Late Bronze Age collapse |
Indian subcontinent (c. 3300–1200 BC) |
Cemetery H |
Europe (c. 3200–600 BC) |
Aegean (Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean), Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Srubnaya culture, Bell Beaker culture, Apennine culture, Terramare culture, Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Proto-Villanovan culture, Hallstatt culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture, Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age |
Eurasia and Siberia (c. 2700–700 BC) |
Poltavka culture, Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture, Andronovo culture, Mezhovskaya culture, Cherkaskul culture |
East Asia (c. 3100–300 BC) |
Erlitou, Erligang, Gojoseon, Jomon, Majiayao, Mumun, Qijia, Siwa, Wucheng, Xindian, Yueshi, Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty, Sanxingdui, Zhou dynasty |
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↓Iron Age |
The Jhangar Phase was an archaeological culture, named after the type site Jhangar, that followed the Jhukar Phase of the Late Harappan Culture in Sindh (i.e., the Lower Indus Valley).[1]
Jhukar and Jhangar phases are collectively called Jhukar and Jhangar culture (1900 - 1500 BCE). Cemetery H culture (subculture of Late Harrapan IVC Phase) in Punjab was contemporaneous to Jhukar-Jhangar culture (subculture of Late Harrapan IVC Phase) in Sindh, both have evidence of continuity and change.[2] Rangpur culture in Gujarat, also part of Late Phase of IVC, was also contemporaneous to both.
It is a non-urban culture, characterised by "crude handmade pottery" and "campsites of a population which was nomadic and mainly pastoralist," and is dated to approximately the late second millennium BCE and early first millennium BCE.[3] In Sindh, urban growth began again after approximately 500 BCE.[4]
See also[]
- Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
- Ahar-Banas culture (3000 – 1500 BCE)
- Late Harappan Phase of IVC (1900 - 1500 BCE)
- Cemetery H culture in Punjab
- Jhukar-Jhangar culture in Punjab
- Rangpur culture in Gujarat
- Vedic period
- Kuru Kingdom (1200 – c. 500 BCE)
- OCP (2000-1500 BCE)
- Copper Hoard Culture (2800-1500 BCE), may or may not be independent of vedic culture
References[]
- ^ Langer, William L., ed. (1972). An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 17. ISBN 0-395-13592-3.
- ^ Upinder Singh, 2008, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century, Pearson Education, p. 211..
- ^ F.R. Allchin (ed.), The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States (Cambridge University Press, 1995), p.36
- ^ J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in the Making of ‘the Aryan’, R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.
- Bronze Age Asia
- Prehistoric India
- History of Pakistan