Joanna of Bourbon
| Joanna of Bourbon | |
|---|---|
 Joanna in the Parement de Narbonne, c. 1375 | |
| Queen consort of France | |
| Tenure | 8 April 1364 – 6 February 1378 |
| Coronation | 1 June 1364 |
| Born | 3 February 1338 Vincennes, France |
| Died | 6 February 1378 (aged 40) Paris, France |
| Burial | Basilique Saint-Denis |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | |
| House | Bourbon |
| Father | Peter I, Duke of Bourbon |
| Mother | Isabella of Valois |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Joanna of Bourbon (Jeanne de Bourbon; 3 February 1338 – 6 February 1378) was Queen of France by marriage to King Charles V. She acted as his political adviser and was appointed potential regent in case of a minor regency.
Life[]
Early life[]
Born in the Château de Vincennes, Joanna was a daughter of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, and Isabella of Valois,[1] a half-sister of Philip VI of France.
From October 1340 through at least 1343, negotiations and treaties were made for Joanna to marry Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy.[2] The goal was to bring Savoy more closely into French influence.[2] Following this she was betrothed to Humbert, Dauphin of Viennois, which also fell through.[3]
Queen[]
On 8 April 1350, Joanna married her cousin, the future Charles V of France, at Tain-l'Hermitage.[1] Since they were second cousins, their marriage required a papal dispensation.[1] Born thirteen days apart, they both were 12 years old. When Charles ascended the throne in 1364, Joanna became queen of France.
Queen Joanna was described as mentally fragile, and after the birth of her son Louis in 1373, she suffered a complete mental breakdown.[4] This deeply worried Charles V, who made a pilgrimage and offered many prayers for her recovery.[4] When she did recover and regained her normal state of mind in 1373, Charles V appointed her legal guardian and regent of France should he die when his son and heir was still a minor.[4]
Death and burial[]
Joanna died at the royal residence Hôtel Saint-Pol in Paris, on 6 February 1378 three days after her 40th birthday, and two days after the birth of her youngest child, Catherine.[1] Froissart[5] recorded that Joanna took a bath against her physicians' advice. Soon after, she went into labour and died two days after giving birth. The king was devastated. Her heart was buried in the Cordeliers Convent and her entrails in the Couvent des Célestins. The Couvent des Célestins in Paris was the most important royal necropolis after the Basilica of St Denis. The rest of her remains were then placed at Saint-Denis.
Issue[]
Joanna and Charles had eight children.[1] Two of them reached adulthood:
- Joanna (September 1357 – 21 October 1360), interred at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs Abbey.
- Bonne (1358 – 7 December 1360, Paris, France), interred beside her older sister.
- John (Vincennes, 6 June 1366 – 21 December 1366), interred at Saint Denis Basilica.
- Charles VI (3 December 1368 – 22 October 1422), King of France.[1]
- Marie (Paris, 27 February 1370 – June 1377, Paris).
- Louis (13 March 1372 – 23 November 1407), Duke of Orléans.[6]
- Isabella (Paris, 24 July 1373 – 13 February 1377, Paris).
- Catherine (Paris, 4 February 1378 – November 1388),[1] interred at Abbaye De Maubuisson; married John of Berry, Count of Montpensier (son of John, Duke of Berry).
Ancestry[]
| showAncestors of Joanna of Bourbon |
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References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hand 2013, p. 16.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Cox 1967, p. 57.
- ^ Hand 2013, p. 46.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Tuchman 2011, p. 297.
- ^ J. A. Buchon, Collection des Chroniques nationales françaises écrites en langue vulgaire du treizième au seizième siècle, Chroniques de Froissart, Tome VII, Verdière, Libraire, Paris, 1824, p. 61
- ^ Keane 2016, p. 17.
Sources[]
- Cox, Eugene L. (1967). The Green Count of Savoy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 57. LCCN 67-11030.
- Hand, Joni M. (2013). Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350-1550. Ashgate Publishing.
- Keane, Marguerite (2016). Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398). Brill.
- Tuchman, Barbara W. (2011). A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century. Random House Publishing Group.
External links[]
Media related to Joanna of Bourbon at Wikimedia Commons
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- French queens consort
- House of Valois
- House of Bourbon (France)
- Dauphines of Viennois
- Dauphines of France
- Duchesses of Normandy
- 1338 births
- 1378 deaths
- People from Vincennes
- Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
- Deaths in childbirth
- 14th-century French women
- 14th-century French people