John F. Potter
John Fox Potter | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 1st district | |
| In office March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863 | |
| Preceded by | Daniel Wells, Jr. |
| Succeeded by | James S. Brown |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from the Walworth 3rd district | |
| In office January 9, 1856 – January 14, 1857 | |
| Preceded by | Samuel Pratt |
| Succeeded by | Solmous Wakeley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 11, 1817 Augusta, Massachusetts (now Maine) |
| Died | May 18, 1899 (aged 82) East Troy, Wisconsin |
| Resting place | Oak Ridge Cemetery East Troy, Wisconsin |
| Political party | Republican Whig (before 1855) |
| Spouse(s) | Frances Elizabeth Lewis Fox Sarah Lewis Fox |
| Children | Rebecca (Lewis) Alfred C. Caroline Fox John Kendall |
| Mother | Caroline (Fox) Potter |
| Father | John Potter |
| Profession | Politician, Lawyer, Judge |
John Fox Potter nicknamed "Bowie Knife Potter" (May 11, 1817 – May 18, 1899) was a nineteenth-century politician, lawyer and judge from Wisconsin who served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and the U.S. House of Representatives.[1][2]
Early and family life[]
Born in Augusta in Massachusetts' District of Maine, Potter attended common schools and Phillips Exeter Academy. He married Frances Elizabeth Lewis Fox Potter (1818–1863) of Portland, Maine. Her father George Fox (1791–1864) and unmarried sisters would move to Wisconsin and farm alongside the Potters. Their son John Kendall Potter (1853–1864) barely survived his mother. However, their children Rebecca (1841–1908), Alfred (1843–1915) and Frances (1847–after 1900) did survive and have children.[3]
Career[]
Admitted to the Wisconsin bar in 1837, Potter began his legal practice in East Troy. He served as a judge in Walworth County from 1842 to 1846.
A Whig, Potter was elected a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, and served a term (1856–1857). He was a delegate to the 1852 Whig National Convention and 1856 Whig National Convention. With the demise of the Whig party, Potter became a Republican and became a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1860 and 1864.
Member of Congress[]
Wisconsin voters elected Potter to the United States House of Representatives in 1856 and he won re-election twice. Thus, Potter served in the 35th through the 37th Congresses (1857 to 1863). Potter received his nickname in 1860, as a result of an aborted duel with Virginia Congressman Roger A. Pryor after Illinois Congressman (and abolitionist) Owen Lovejoy's remarks concerning the 1837 murder of his brother Elijah Lovejoy. Pryor had edited Potter's follow-up remarks to eliminate a mention of the Republican Party, to which Potter had objected, then Pryor challenged Potter to a duel, but his seconds objected when Potter chose bowie knives as the prospective weapon, decrying his selection of weapon as "vulgar, barbarous, and inhuman."[4] The incident received considerable press, and Potter's friends afterward often accompanied him when on Washington's streets, lest he be accosted again to test his mettle.[5] Potter served as chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions from 1859 to 1861 and of the Committee on Public Lands from 1861 to 1863. In this latter role, his committee handled the Homestead Act of 1862. He was condsidered one of the "Radical Republicans" due to his support for African-American civil rights and the belief that not only should slavery not be allowed to expand, but that it should be banned in states where it currently existed.[6]
In 1861, Potter was one of the participants in the Peace Conference of 1861, which failed to avert the American Civil War. He was defeated in his race for reelection in 1862 by fellow Maine-born lawyer James S. Brown, a Democrat who had been Milwaukee prosecutor and mayor, and who would be defeated the following year by a Republican general. During the campaign, his son Alfred C. Potter had enlisted in the 28th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment in August 1862 as a sergeant, but would be mustered out the following April, and began receiving a pension in 1896.[7]
Later career[]
After Potter's congressional term ended in early 1863, he declined appointment as governor of Dakota Territory, and his wife died in May 1863 in Washington, D.C., leaving Potter a widower with a ten year old son. The Lincoln administration then appointed Potter as Consul General of the United States in the British-controlled Province of Canada from 1863 to 1866. Thus Potter resided in what was then the Canadian capital of Montreal, Lower Canada.
In 1866, Potter returned to East Troy, Wisconsin, where he resumed his legal practice.
Death and legacy[]
Potter died at his home on May 18, 1899. He was interred beside his wife in the family plot at Oak Ridge Cemetery in East Troy.[8] The Wisconsin Historical Society received his knife.[9]
References[]
- ^ Appleton's Cyclopedia, vol. VI p. 90
- ^ United States Congress. "John F. Potter (id: P000465)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ 1860 U.S. Federal Census for Walworth, East Troy, Walworth County, Wisconsin and various ancestry.com and findagrave.com entries
- ^ William B. Hesseltine, "The Pryor-Potter Duel," The Wisconsin Magazine of HistoryThe Wisconsin Magazine of History, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Jun. 1944), pp. 400-409
- ^ Charles E. Porter, Genealogies of Potter Family and Descendants in America to the present generation (Boston: Alfred Mudge & Son, 1888) pp. 35-37, available at https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029843731/cu31924029843731_djvu.txt
- ^ The True Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography By Betty Boles Ellison pg. 128
- ^ U.S. Civil War records on ancestry.com
- ^ Find a Grave.com no. 6856328
- ^ Wisconsin's revised privacy law produces broken link at http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/museum/artifacts/archives/001252.asp The Monster Knife of John Fox Potter and minimal reference to Milwaukee Journal article at https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Name/NI78938
External links[]
Media related to John Fox Potter at Wikimedia Commons
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- 1817 births
- 1899 deaths
- 19th-century American diplomats
- Members of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin
- Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
- Politicians from Augusta, Maine
- People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
- Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
- Wisconsin lawyers
- Wisconsin state court judges
- Wisconsin Whigs
- Wisconsin Republicans
- Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
- 19th-century American politicians
- People from East Troy, Wisconsin
- 19th-century American judges
- 19th-century American lawyers