Joseph Simpson (police officer)

Sir Joseph Simpson KBE QPM (26 June 1909 – 20 March 1968), commonly known as Joe Simpson to his officers, was Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, the head of the London Metropolitan Police, from 1958 to 1968. He was the first Commissioner who began his police career as an ordinary constable.

Early life, education and sporting career[]

Simpson was born in Dawley^[1] in Shropshire^[2] and educated at Ashdown House and Oundle School, where he was captain of rugby football and athletics and was Public Schools Champion in long jump in 1927 and 1928, when he set a public school record, and also in 440 yards in 1928.

He then went on to Manchester University College of Technology. He represented the university at rugby and athletics and was World University Champion in the 400 metres hurdles in 1930. He also played cricket and was a good rifle shot (as Commissioner he was a great supporter of sport in the police).^[3]

In his early sporting career he won medals and other trophies with the London Athletic Club, Birchfield Harriers and the Keswick Athletic Club; while in Lincoln and later as Chief Constable of Surrey, he was an active member and medal-winner of the Lincoln County Rifle Club, the Surrey County Small Bore Rifle Association, the Affiliated Rifle Association, and the National Short Range Rifle League (defunct), based at Bisley and elsewhere.^[4]

As Commissioner, Simpson was Vice-Patron of the Amateur Athletic Association and Vice-President of the Middlesex RFU.^[5]

Early police career[]

After working in the cotton industry for a short period he joined the Metropolitan Police in 1931 and was posted to "X" Division (Wembley), and later to "E" Division (Bow Street). In 1934 he was selected by competitive examination to attend the first course of thirty students at Hendon Police College, beginning the course on 10 May,^[6] and was promoted to Acting Station Inspector on graduation at the top of his class in 1936, when he became an instructor at the college.^[7]

Provincial police career[]

In 1937, Simpson was called to the Bar by Gray's Inn. In July the same year he left the Metropolitan Police to become Assistant Chief Constable of Lincolnshire Constabulary.^[8] In 1939 he was seconded (as Acting Inspector of Constabularies) to the Regional Commissioner's Offices for Nottinghamshire and then for Cambridgeshire^[9] and in 1943 was appointed Chief Constable of Northumberland Constabulary.^[10][11] Simpson was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1946 New Year Honours for his services to civil defence.^[12] He transferred as Chief Constable to Surrey Constabulary later in 1946. He was awarded the King's Police and Fire Services Medal in the 1952 New Year Honours.^[13]

Return to the Metropolitan Police[]

On 1 March 1956, Simpson rejoined the Metropolitan Police as Assistant Commissioner "B", in charge of traffic policing.^[14] During this appointment he visited USA and Canada, with the Transport Minister Ernest Marples who subsequently introduced parking meters in London. On 20 January 1957 he was appointed Deputy Commissioner,^[15] and on 1 September 1958 he became Commissioner.^[2][16] In 1967, Simpson oversaw the move of New Scotland Yard from the Victoria Embankment to 10 Broadway, close to St James's Park station. (The Metropolitan Police headquarters moved back to Victoria Embankment in 2017.) He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1959 New Year Honours.^[17]

Simpson was a fair and tolerant man, but also expected the same high standards of others that he set for himself and was a great believer in discipline. He believed in a more equal police force, where senior officers and lower ranks had a closer relationship. This was somewhat marred by the promotion of fellow Hendon graduates as Deputy Commissioner and all four Assistant Commissioners; the short-lived Hendon experiment was never popular with most officers, although actually these appointments were made by the Crown on the advice of the Home Secretary. He strove, with some success, to improve the deteriorating relationship between the police and the public and encouraged the public to "have a go" against crime, although he did issue a warning against tackling armed criminals. He was an enthusiastic supporter of crime prevention and the use of police dogs, and also greatly expanded the Police Cadets. He established the Obscene Publications Squad, Drugs Squad (1963), Special Patrol Group (1961), Art Squad (1967) and Antiques and Philately Squad (1967), laid the foundations for the Scenes of Crime Branch established shortly after his death, and greatly expanded the Flying Squad. He introduced personal radios and the Unit Beat system (1967), whereby the use of panda cars was greatly expanded for patrol purposes. He reorganised the Metropolitan Special Constabulary to integrate them more into the divisions. He introduced traffic wardens and fixed penalty parking fines.

He was elected vice-president of the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) in 1966 and president in 1967. In 1963, he was elected president of the for two years.

Death[]

Simpson was expected by some to retire in 1964, but stayed in office. He died suddenly at his home in Roehampton four years later at the age of 58, his early death probably brought on by stress caused by overwork. His funeral was held with full honours at Westminster Abbey on 29 March 1968,^[18] with all Metropolitan Police officers who were able to do so observing a one minute's silence at 11am.^[19]

On 4 June 1970 a memorial service was held in the Crypt of St Paul's Cathedral where a memorial plaque in the Chapel, comprising a profiled head in bas-relief,^[20] by John Skelton^[21] was unveiled by James Callaghan, then Home Secretary.^[22]

Honours[]

Ribbon	Description	Notes
	Order of the British Empire (KBE)	Civil Division Knight Commander 1959 New Year Honours List Officer (OBE) 1946
	King's Police and Fire Services Medal (KPFSM)
	Defence Medal
	Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal	1953
	Police Long Service and Good Conduct Medal

^[23]

Family[]

He married Elizabeth May Bowler in 1936. They had two sons, the elder of whom, Mark, served for some four years in the British South Africa Police in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe); he resigned in 1963 to avoid being transferred from the Criminal Investigation Department back to the uniformed branch. Some inaccurate press reports say he was dismissed ^[24] but his BSAP Record of Service rates his conduct as having been 'very good'.^[25] Mark Simpson then served briefly in the Rhodesian Army and the Department of Internal Affairs from which he resigned ^[26] in 1964 because of imminent political change (UDI). He later served for thirty-one years in the Hong Kong Police/Royal Hong Kong Police. He died at Maidstone Hospital on 23 December 2012, following a short illness. The younger son, Ben, was appointed JP for Gloucestershire in 1971, later transferring to Oxfordshire; he was appointed a Magistrate Member of Thames Valley Police Authority ^[27] in 1991 and re-appointed as an Independent Member in October 2008, serving till police authorities were abolished on 21 November 2012. Ben Simpson was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the New Year Honours 2010 for services to the community in Oxford.^[28]

Footnotes[]

References[]

• Obituary, The Times, 21 March 1968
• Martin Fido and Keith Skinner, The Official Encyclopedia of Scotland Yard, London, 1999