Joss Bland-Hawthorn

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Joss Bland-Hawthorn
Jossblandhawthorn.png
Prof. Joss Bland-Hawthorn at the Sydney Observatory in 2019.
Born(1959-05-31)31 May 1959
Ide Hill, Kent, England
NationalityBritish-Australian
CitizenshipAustralian, British
Known forGalactic archaeology
Near-field cosmology
Galaxia simulator
Astronomical instrumentation
Astrophotonics: photonic lantern
AwardsARC Federation Fellow Professorship (2007)
Muhlmann Award (ASP) (2011)
Jackson-Gwilt Medal (RAS) (2012)
ARC Laureate Professor of Astrophysics (2014)
WH Steel Medal (Australian Optical Society) (2015)
Peter McGregor Team Prize (ASA (2016)
New South Wales Scientist of the Year (2016)
Thomas Ranken Lyle Medal (AAS (2017)
HiCi Laureate and Australian Research Leader (2019-20)
Walter Boas Medal (AIP) (2020)
Scientific career
FieldsAstrophysics
Astrophotonics
InstitutionsRoyal Greenwich Observatory
Institute for Astronomy
Rice University
Anglo-Australian Observatory
The University of Sydney
ThesisThe Structure and Dynamics of Ionised Gas within NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) (1986)
InfluencesD.W. Sciama, K.C. Freeman, J.J. Binney, S.M. Faber, J.C. Weisheit, C.F. McKee
Websitewww.sydney.edu.au/science/about/our-people/academic-staff/jonathan-bland-hawthorn.html

Jonathan (Joss) Bland-Hawthorn (born 31 May 1959 in Ide Hill, Kent, England) is a British-Australian astrophysicist. He is a Laureate professor of physics at the University of Sydney, and director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy.

Early life and education[]

Bland-Hawthorn was born 31 May 1959 in Ide Hill, Kent, England.[1] He earned a degree in computer science, mathematics, and physics at the University of Birmingham before pursuing his PhD in astrophysics and astronomy at the University of Sussex and the Royal Greenwich Observatory.[2][3] His dissertation, The Structure and Dynamics of the Ionised Gas within NGC 5128 (Centaurus A), was completed and approved in 1986.[4][5]

Career[]

In 1985, Bland-Hawthorn took a three-year postdoctoral position studying astrophysics at the University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy.[6] At the end of his program in 1988, he briefly did research at Princeton University and Institute for Advanced Study; the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; the United States Naval Research Laboratory, and the Space Telescope Science Institute before accepting a tenured professorship at Rice University in the space, physics, and astronomy department.[7][6][1] He held this role until 1993, when he took another research fellowship, this time at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore.[1] Later that year, he moved to Australia and joined the Anglo-Australian Observatory in Sydney as a physicist until 2000, when he became the Head of Instrument Science.[6][1][8] He was awarded with a ARC Federation Fellow Professorship in 2007 and left the Observatory to teach physics and work as Director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA) within the University of Sydney's School of Physics.[9][1] In 2008, he was awarded the Muhlmann Award from the ASP and shared the inaugural Group Achievement Award from the Royal Astronomical Society with 33 groupmates including John A. Peacock, Warrick Couch, and Karl Glazebrook.[10][11]

In 2009, he co-founded the Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), a collaborative grouping of physicists, electrical and information engineers, mathematicians, and chemists.[12] The following year, he was Leverhulme Professor and visiting fellow at Merton College, Oxford; in 2011, he was a Brittingham Scholar at the University of Wisconsin.[13][14] Bland-Hawthorn was awarded the Jackson-Gwilt Medal in 2012 by the Royal Astronomical Society and was made a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and the Optical Society of America.[15][1] He became a ARC Laureate Fellow in 2014 and received the W.H. (Beattie) Steel Medal from the Australian and New Zealand Optical Society in 2015.[16] In 2016, he was presented with the NSW Premier's Prize for Excellence in Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Chemistry and Physics for the development of the Galactic Archaeology survey,[17] and the Astronomical Society of Australia's Peter McGregor Team Prize.[1] In 2017, he was given the Thomas Ranken Lyle Medal by the Australian Academy of Science for the development of the fields astrophotonics and galactic archaeology.[18] He worked at the University of California, Berkeley in 2018 as a visiting Miller Professor and is the sixth Australian and first University of Sydney faculty member to receive this honour.[19] In 2019, 2020, and 2021, he was a HiCi Laureate/Australian Research Leader in astronomy and astrophysics.[20] He was also awarded the Walter Boas Medal by the AIP, and in 2021 was offered a visiting professor fellowship at École normale supérieure in Paris starting in 2022.[20] He is a PI in and founder of the Sydney Astrophotonic Instrumentation Lab (SAIL) and the Director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy, both at the University of Sydney.[21][22]

Bland-Hawthorn sits on several boards, including: the International Astronomical Union's Division H Interstellar Matter and Local Universe; and the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics.[14]

Research[]

Bland-Hawthorn first mentioned the term "near-field cosmology," which looks at the early physical histories of stars and galaxies, in his Nature article Clues to galaxy formation and in 2002 co-wrote an Annual Review article with Ken Freeman giving a more detailed description of this topic.[23][24][25][26] The Annual Review paper additionally introduces galactic archaeology, chemical tagging, and the use of high spectroscopic resolution to conduct mass star surveys.[27][28][29][8] This technology has been in use since 1993 and still plays a large part in surveys such as the APO Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE), Gaia-ESO (GES), Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), the William Herschel Telescope Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE), and 4MOST, as well as the Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) with which Bland-Hawthorn is involved.[30][31][32][33][34][35] In 2011, Bland-Hawthorn, Sanjib Sharma, Kathryn Johnston, and James Binney developed GALAXIA, a galaxy model simulation code.[36] In 2016, he and Ortwin Gerhard were able to identify properties of the Milky Way that could act as a fossil record.[37][38][39]

Bland-Hawthorn is particularly interested in the Milky Way.[40] In 2003, he and Martin Cohen wrote about the galaxy's bipolar x-ray wind, which they spotted using the ROSAT satellite; this theory was not proven until 2010.[41][42] Bland-Hawthorn continues to write about simulated galactic winds[43] and Smith's Cloud.[44] He wrote several articles showing that high-velocity HI clouds are within the Galactic halo rather than at megaparsec distances as originally thought.[45][46][47] He was also the first to show that the HI disc in the outer parts of spiral galaxies undergoes a phase change.[48] In 2000, he was among the first to use the term astrophotonics.[citation needed]

Among the many technologies and instruments he has worked on and developed over his career are the photonic lantern, OH-suppression fibres, hexabundles, and the photonic integrated multimode microspectrograph; all of these also have applications in other fields.[49][50][51][52] Bland-Hawthorn's experimental work in 2021 focuses on exploratory use of quantum technologies in the field of astronomy.[53][54][55] He and colleagues John Bartholomew and Matt Sellars propose that quantum memories at different telescopes can be combined to perform very-long-baseline interferometry at infrared wavelengths.[53]

Bland-Hawthorn has more than 1,000 publications and has been cited upwards of 53,000 times according to ResearchGate.[56]

Interests[]

His main research interests include:

Near-field Cosmology[]

  • Galactic archaeology
  • Galactic seismology & dynamics
  • Chemical tagging
  • Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
  • First stars: chemical signatures
  • Accretion and outflows

Astrophotonics & Quantum Astronomy[]

3D Spectrographs & Differential Techniques[]

Personal life[]

He and his wife have two sons: Christian and Edward.[57]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Bland-Hawthorn, Jonathan (Joss) (1959 - )". Encyclopedia of Australian Science. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  2. ^ Levy, David. The Scientific American Book of the Cosmos. p. 401.
  3. ^ "Profile of an Astronomer". Australia Telescope National Facility. 13 March 2002. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  4. ^ "Past Postdoctoral Researchers". University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  5. ^ "The Structure and Dynamics of the Ionised Gas within NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)". SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS). n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b c Anderson, Rebecca (2017). ""Ask Me Anything" and They Did! Top 5 Astrophysics Takeaways from Joss Bland-Hawthorn, ARC Laureate Fellow Professor of Physics and Director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIFA)". Optica. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  7. ^ "Looking for the Next Page-turning Surprise" (PDF). Gemin Focus. 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Joss Hawthorn, University of Sydney @jossblandhawthorn". University of Sydney Physics. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  9. ^ "ARC fellows honoured". Australian Research Council. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  10. ^ "Past recipients of the Muhlmann Award". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  11. ^ "Giant galaxy trawl nets astronomers prize". Australian Astronomical Observatory. 3 April 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  12. ^ "Institute of Photonics and Optical Science". University of Sydney. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Professor Jonathan Bland-Hawthorn". University of Sydney. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  14. ^ a b "Conference Handbook" (PDF). Optics. 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Jackson-Gwilt Medal Winners" (PDF). Royal Astronomical Society. 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  16. ^ "W.H. (Beattie) Steel Medal". Australian and New Zealand Optical Society. 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  17. ^ "Sydney scoops NSW Premier's Prizes". University of Sydney. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  18. ^ "2017 Academy awards recognise leading scientists". Australian Academy of Science. 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  19. ^ "Joss Bland-Hawthorn receives prestigious UC Berkeley Professorship". University of Sydney. 7 February 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  20. ^ a b "Awards after 2006". University of Sydney. 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  21. ^ "[online] Galactic seismology: the evolution of bending waves and density waves after the Sagittarius impact". University of Kentucky. 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  22. ^ "First light results from the High Efficiency and Resolution Multi-Element Spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope". Spie Digital Library. 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  23. ^ Frebel, Anna; Norris, John E (2015). "Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 53: 631–688. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122423. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  24. ^ Libeskind, Noah (9 July 2018). "The quasi-linear nearby Universe". Astronomy Community - Nautre. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  25. ^ Freeman, Ken; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (2002). "The New Galaxy: Signatures of Its Formation". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 40: 487–537. arXiv:astro-ph/0208106. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093840. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  26. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (1999). "Clues to galaxy formation". Nature. 400 (6741): 220–221. doi:10.1038/22230. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  27. ^ Frebel, Anna; Norris, John E (2015). "Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 53: 631–688. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122423. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  28. ^ Jones, A.W.; Bland-Hawthorn, J; Shopbell, P.L. (1995). "Title: Towards a General Definition for Spectroscopic Resolution". Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems IV. 77: 503–506. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  29. ^ Melhado Silva, Guilherme; Freeman, K.C.; Bland-Hawthorn, J; Martell, S. (2015). "The GALAH survey: scientific motivation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (3): 1–16. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv327. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  30. ^ "Last days of the lone astronomer". Nature. 25 August 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  31. ^ "APOGEE: Probing the Evolution of the Milky Way". SDSS. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  32. ^ "The Gaia-ESO Survey" (PDF). European Southern Observatory. 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  33. ^ "First Result of LAMOST High-Resolution Spectroscopy". LAMOST. 23 May 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  34. ^ "WEAVE Gets Primed For On-Sky Commissioning". Space Ref. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  35. ^ "4MOST – 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope" (PDF). ARXIV. 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  36. ^ Sharma, Sanjib; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Johnston, Kathryn; Binney, James (2011). "Galaxia: a code to generate a synthetic survey of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal. 730 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/3. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  37. ^ Wang, Zixian; Hayden, Michael R.; Sharma, Sanjib; Xiang, Maosheng (2021). "Reliable stellar abundances of individual stars with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph". MNRAS: 1–18. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  38. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Gerhard, Ortwin (2016). "The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 54 (1). doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023441. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  39. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Freeman, Ken (7 January 2000). "The Baryon Halo of the Milky Way: A Fossil Record of Its Formation". Science. 287 (5450): 79–84. doi:10.1126/science.287.5450.79. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  40. ^ Gallagher, Richard (24 May 2020). "Galaxy Archaelogy: Joss Bland-Hawthorn". Annual Reviews. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  41. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Cohen, Martin (2003). "The Large-scale Bipolar Wind in the Galactic Center". Astrophysics: 1–30. arXiv:astro-ph/0208553. doi:10.1086/344573. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  42. ^ Su, Meng; Slatyer, Tracy R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P. (2010). "GIANT GAMMA-RAY BUBBLES FROM FERMI-LAT: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY OR BIPOLAR GALACTIC WIND?". The Astrophysical Journal. 724 (2): 1044–1082. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1044. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  43. ^ Cooper, Jackie L.; Bicknell, Geoffrey V.; Sutherland, Ralph S.; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (2009). "Starburst-Driven Galactic Winds: Filament Formation and Emission Processes". The Astrophysical Journal. 703 (1): 1-39. arXiv:0907.4004. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/330. S2CID 5984386.
  44. ^ Nichols, M; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (7 December 2009). "THE SMITH CLOUD: HIGH-VELOCITY ACCRETION AND DARK MATTER CONFINEMENT". 707 (2): 1642–1649. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1642. Retrieved 25 November 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  45. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Veilleux, S.; Cecil, G. N.; Putman, M. E.; Gibson, B. K.; Maloney, P. R. (1998). "The Smith cloud: HI associated with the SGR dwarf?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 299 (2): 611. arXiv:astro-ph/9802220. Bibcode:1998MNRAS.299..611B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01902.x. S2CID 12921639.
  46. ^ Putman, M. E.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Veilleux, S.; Gibson, B. K.; Freeman, K. C.; Maloney, P. R. (2003). "Hα Emission from High-Velocity Clouds and Their Distances". The Astrophysical Journal. 597 (2): 948–956. arXiv:astro-ph/0307509. Bibcode:2003ApJ...597..948P. doi:10.1086/378555. S2CID 1543399.
  47. ^ Blitz, Leo; Spergel, David N.; Teuben, Peter J.; Hartmann, Dap; Burton, W. Butler (1999). "High-Velocity Clouds: Building Blocks of the Local Group". The Astrophysical Journal. 514 (2): 818–843. arXiv:astro-ph/9803251. Bibcode:1999ApJ...514..818B. doi:10.1086/306963. S2CID 12518840.
  48. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, J; Freeman, K; Quinn, P (20 June 1997). "Where Do the Disks of Spiral Galaxies End". The Astrophysical Journal. arXiv:astro-ph/9706210. doi:10.1086/304865. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  49. ^ "PROFESSOR JOSS BLAND-HAWTHORN". Australian Academy of Science. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  50. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Englund, M.; Edvell, G. (2004). "New approach to atmospheric OH suppression using an aperiodic fibre Bragg grating". Optics Express. 12 (24): 5902–5909. Bibcode:2004OExpr..12.5902B. doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.005902. PMID 19488230.
  51. ^ "First demonstration of OH suppression in a high-efficiency near-infrared spectrograph".
  52. ^ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Bryant, Julia; Robertson, Gordon; Gillingham, Peter; O'Byrne, John; Cecil, Gerald; Haynes, Roger; Croom, Scott; Ellis, Simon; Maack, Martin; Skovgaard, Peter; Noordegraaf, Danny (2011). "Hexabundles: Imaging fiber arrays for low-light astronomical applications". Optics Express. 19 (3): 2649–2661. Bibcode:2011OExpr..19.2649B. doi:10.1364/OE.19.002649. PMID 21369086.
  53. ^ a b Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Sellars, Matthew J.; Bartholomew, John G. (2021). "Quantum memories and the double-slit experiment: Implications for astronomical interferometry". Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 38 (7): A86. arXiv:2103.07590. Bibcode:2021JOSAB..38A..86B. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.424651. S2CID 232233324.
  54. ^ "Quantum Astronomy Could Create Telescopes Hundreds of Kilometers Wide". Scientific American.
  55. ^ "Quantum Double-Slit Experiment Offers Hope for Earth-Size Telescope". 5 May 2021.
  56. ^ "Joss Bland-Hawthorn". ResearchGate. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  57. ^ "Descendants of Reuben Alexander" (PDF). Pennyghael. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
Retrieved from ""