Jiang (rank)

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Jiang (simplified Chinese: 将; traditional Chinese: 將; pinyin: jiàng; Wade–Giles: chiang; Korean: 장; Hanja: 將) is the rank held by general officers in some East Asian militaries. The ranks are used in both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan. The People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police use three levels at present while the Republic of China Armed Forces use four.

In both North and South Korea the rank is also used.

Chinese variant[]

People's Liberation Army[]

The same rank names are used for all services, prefixed by haijun (simplified Chinese: 海军; traditional Chinese: 海軍; lit. 'naval force') or kongjun (simplified Chinese: 空军; traditional Chinese: 空軍; lit. 'air force').

Rank group General/flag officers
一级上将
Yījí shàngjiàng		 上将
Shàngjiàng		 中将
Zhōngjiàng		 少将
Shàojiàng
 PLA Ground Forces[1] Rank existed only 1988-1994
never held 		General Lieutenant General Major General
 PLA Navy[1] PLANF-0720-GEN.png PLANF-Sleeve-0720-GEN.png PLANF-0719-LTG.png PLANF-Sleeve-0719-LTG.png PLANF-0718-MG.png PLANF-Sleeve-0718-MG.png
 PLA Air Force[1] General Lieutenant General Major General
People's Armed Police[1] General Lieutenant General Major General
一级上将
Yījí shàngjiàng		 上将
Shàngjiàng		 中将
Zhōngjiàng		 少将
Shàojiàng
Rank group General/flag officers

Dajiang[]

Main article: Da jiang

Under the rank system in place in the PLA in the era 1955–1965, there existed the rank of dajiang (大将) or Grand General. This rank was awarded to 10 of the veteran leaders of the PLA in 1955 and never conferred again. It was considered equivalent to the Soviet rank of генера́л а́рмии (Army General) which is generally considered a five-star rank, although the insignia itself had only four. The decision to name the equivalent rank yiji shangjiang when it was briefly re-established in 1988-1994 was likely due to a desire to keep the rank of dajiang an honorary one awarded after a war, much as general of the armies in the United States Army.

Republic of China Armed Forces[]

Rank group General/flag officers
一級上將
It-kip siōng-chiòng		 二級上將
Jī-kip siōng-chiòng		 中將
Tiong-chiòng		 少將
Siáu-chiòng
 Republic of China Army[2] Taiwan-army-OF-9b.svg Taiwan-army-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-army-OF-8.svg Taiwan-army-OF-7.svg
 Republic of China Navy Taiwan-navy-OF-9b.svg Taiwan-navy-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-navy-OF-8.svg Taiwan-navy-OF-7.svg
 Republic of China Air Force[2] Taiwan-airforce-OF-9b.svg Taiwan-airforce-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-airforce-OF-8.svg Taiwan-airforce-OF-7.svg
 Republic of China Marine Corps Taiwan-Marine-OF-9a.svg Taiwan-Marine-OF-8.svg Taiwan-Marine-OF-7.svg
一級上將
It-kip siōng-chiòng		 二級上將
Jī-kip siōng-chiòng		 中將
Tiong-chiòng		 少將
Siáu-chiòng
Rank group General/flag officers

Korean variant[]

See also: Comparative military ranks of Korea
Jang
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationJang
McCune–ReischauerJang

North Korea[]

Rank group General/flag officers
대장
Daejang 		상장
Sangjang 		중장
Chungjang 		소장
Sojang
 Korean People's Army Ground Force[3] Captain general Superior general Middle general Junior general
Army General Colonel General Lieutenant General Major General
 Korean People's Army Naval Force[3] DPRK-Navy-OF-9.svg DPRK-Navy-OF-8.svg DPRK-Navy-OF-7.svg DPRK-Navy-OF-6.svg
Admiral of the Fleet Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral
 Korean People's Army Air Force[3] Captain General Superior General Middle General Junior General
Army General Colonel general Lieutenant general Major general
대장
Daejang 		상장
Sangjang 		중장
Chungjang 		소장
Sojang
Rank group General/flag officers

South Korea[]

Rank group General/flag officers
대장
Daejang 		중장
Jungjang 		소장
Sojang 		준장
Junjang
Armed Forces[4] SouthKorea-Collar-OF-9.svg SouthKorea-Collar-OF-8.svg SouthKorea-Collar-OF-7.svg SouthKorea-Collar-OF-6.svg
U.S. translation
(Army)[5] 		General Lieutenant general Major general Brigadier general
U.S. translation
(Navy)[5] 		Admiral Vice admiral Rear admiral Rear admiral
(lower half)
U.S. translation
(Air Force)[5] 		General Lieutenant general Major general Brigadier general
U.S. translation
(Marine Corps) 		General Lieutenant general Major general Brigadier general
대장
Daejang 		중장
Jungjang 		소장
Sojang 		준장
Junjang
Rank group General/flag officers

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d Ping, Xu (7 August 2017). "我军建军九十年军衔制度沿革" [The evolution of our military rank system over the ninety years of its establishment]. mod.gov.cn (in Chinese). Ministry of National Defense. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Act of Commission for Officers and Noncommissioned Officers of the Armed Forces". law.moj.gov.tw. Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Minnich, James M. (2008). "National Security". In Worden, Robert L. (ed.). North Korea: a country study. Area Handbook (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. 266, 268. LCCN 2008028547. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
  4. ^ "gyegeubjang-ui jesig(je7joje2hang gwanlyeon)" 계급장의 제식(제7조제2항 관련) [Rank insignia (related to Article 7 (2))]. law.go.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  5. ^ a b c Katz, Rodney P. (1992). "National Security". In Savada, Andrea Matles; Shaw, William (eds.). South Korea: a country study. Area Handbook (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 292. LCCN 91039109. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
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