Kasëm Trebeshina

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Kasëm Trebeshina
Born(1925-09-08)8 September 1925
Berat, Albania
Died11 July 2017(2017-07-11) (aged 90)
Berat, Albania
OccupationWriter
LanguageAlbanian
NationalityAlbanian
Genrefiction, short story, poetry
Notable worksMekami, melodi turke; Odin Mondvalsen, Stina e Stinëve etc.

Kasëm Trebeshina (Berat, 8 September 1925 – Ankara, 11 July 2017) was an Albanian member of national resistance during World War II part of the National Liberation Movement, an actor, translator, writer.[1]


Biography[]

Kasëm Trebeshina was born in Berat, originating from Vinokash in the region of Përmet, born to Hysen Vinokashi and Hatixhe Sanxhaktari. He was born in his mother's house in the "Murad Çelebi" neighbourhood in Berat, because Vinokash was burned by the greek andarts during the First Balkan War and the family settled in the plain of Myzeqe. He finished elementary education in his birthplace and continued high-school in Elbasan, he left school in order to join the resistance movement, due to his brother being arrested by the fascist authorities.[2][3]

In 1942 he joined the National Liberation Movement during World War II, during which he was injured badly in February 1944.[4] He fought in the region of Myzeqe and Mallakastër, after the injury he served in Vlora.[5] At this time Trebeshina committed two controversial murders: one without trial and one behind the back.[6] In the last days of the resistance Trebeshina was proposed to join the Department for People's Protection (Albanian name-sake of OZNA), but he did not accept. He continued in the serving as a military officer,[7] being banished at 8 January 1948.[8]

In 1945, the communist dictator Enver Hoxha gave him the rank of First Captain, next to Kadri Hazbiu, Teme Sejko and .[9] After the war, he studied at the "A. N. Ostrovsky" Theatre Institute in Leningrad, but did not remain long.[10] According to Edmond Cali and Nuri Dragoj he left the Ostrovsky Institute due to political quarrels[11][12] After he wrote a letter to Enver Hoxha, he left the Party and later the League of Writers and Artists.[13] He was firstly arrested in 1953 and condemned with three years, yet served only 11 months of his sentence.[14] From 1955 to 1962 he did not work,[14] and refused the jobs offered to him.[15] Although aware that Trebeshina was not working, the communist authorities who in other instances persecuted what they referred to as "parasites", took no measures against him, nor did they pressure him to work. Due to this behavior, in 1962 the authorities finally decided to send him to internment for 5 years, a sentence which he didn't serve in full.[14] Afterwards was interned in Vlorë, Gramsh and Shijak. Then in 1965 he returned to Tirana, where he started a job at the National Library and afterwards at the Naim Frashëri Publishing House as a reviser. He was relocated to irrigation works and since 1975 he stayed jobless according to his investigative file compiled by the Sigurimi.[7] Trebeshina himself said during an interview that he spent 13 years in prison.[16] Some sources claim he was imprisoned for 17 years.[13] Some used to view Trebeshina as one of the voices of dissent during the post-World War II era in Communist Albania, claiming that got him arrested three times and proclaimed by the regime as a madman.[17]

Critical response[]

He wrote the novel "Mekami", the narrative "Kukudhi", the short novel "Kisha e Shën Kristoforit: Legjenda e Kostandinit dhe e Doruntinës", the novel "Rruga e Golgotës", the short novel "Odin Mondvalsen," and the short novel "Hani i Begomires". It[clarification needed] is clearly expressed in the memoir essays in the volume "Dafinat e thara", in the historical novel "Këngë shqiptare" and the novel "Tregtari i skeleteve", perfect example of intertextuality[how?].[11]

Censorship and criticism[]

Two of his novels, Rinia e Kohës sonë (The Youth of our Age, 1940) and Mbarimi i një mbretërie (The End of a Kingdom, 1951) were immediately banned.[18] When he was lastly arrested, in his investigation file the authorities labelled his literary work as "amoral".[19]

After the fall of communism he was proclaimed a dissident based on a letter he sent to Enver Hoxha in 1953, where he criticized the method of socialist realism.

Translations[]

His novel Odin Mondvalsen was translated into German by Hans-Joachim Lanksch, published in Klagenfurt in 1994. His memoirs-essays Dafinat e thara (The dry laurels) were translated in Italian (Italian: Allori secchi) by Edmond Çali, published in Rome in 2007.[20] Furthermore his novel Pylli - Evandri dhe Nausika (English: The forest; French: La forêt) was translated in French by Anne-Marie Autissier and published by L’Espace d’un Instant editions in 2011.[21]

Oeuvre[]

Thirty years separate his last publication during the communist regime, the poetry collection Artani dhe Min'ja ose hijet e fundit të maleve (Artani and Minja or the Last Shadows of the Mountains, 1961), with the post-Communist volume of stories Stina e Stinëve (The Season of the Seasons, 1991).[3] His first post-Communist work published came out in Prishtina by the intervention of Martin Camaj.[22] Most of his work was published after the fall of Communism, during the 1990s, which made him free to express his ideas in his works.[23] His literary works include:

  • Kruja e çliruar, 1953
  • Artani dhe Min'ja, 1961
  • Stina e Stinëve, 1991
  • Legjenda e asaj që iku, 1992
  • Qezari niset për luftë, 1993
  • Koha tani, vendi këtu, 1992
  • Rruga e Golgotës, 1993
  • Mekami, 1994
  • Lirika dhe satira, 1994
  • Historia e atyre që s'janë, 1994
  • Ëndrra dhe hije, 1996
  • Hijet e shekujve", 1996
  • Nata para apokalipsit, 1998
  • Ku bie Iliria, 2000
  • Kënga Shqiptare, 1-5, 2001
  • Më përtej kohërave, 2004
  • Drama, 2006
  • Polimnia dhe Melpomena, 1-2, 2006
  • Tregtari i skeleteve, 2006
  • Këngë për Kosovën, 2007
  • Shtigjet e shekujve, 2007
  • Një ditë në natën pa fund (Dafinat e thara), 2016

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Shatro 2016, p. 13
  2. ^ Trebeshina, Kasëm (2016). "Një ditë në natën pa fund" (Dafinat e thara). Prishtinë: Buzuku. pp. 49–53. ISBN 978-9951-08-240-2.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Harold B. Segel, ed. (2012). "Albania". The Walls Behind the Curtain: East European Prison Literature, 1945-1990. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780822978022.
  4. ^ Dragoj 2007, pp. 26–28
  5. ^ Kasëm Trebeshina (February 2007). "Ju tregoj për Luftën Civile dhe Ballin Kombëtar". Interviewed by Kastriot Kotoni.
  6. ^ Bejko 2007, pp. 30–31
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Biografia e Kasëm Trebeshinës në dosjen 1338 e Sigurimit të Shtetit". 31 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  8. ^ Dragoj 2007, p. 108
  9. ^ Bejko 2007, p. 47
  10. ^ Segel 2012, p. 30
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Edmond Çali (2010). "Disidenca e Kasëm Trebeshinës dhe Ismail Kadaresë". XV (2). Tiranë: Studime Albanologjike: 210–216. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Dragoj 2007, pp. 114–116.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Robert Elsie (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Scarecrow Press. pp. 450–451. ISBN 9780810873803.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bejko 2007, p. 83
  15. ^ Bejko 2007, p. 146
  16. ^ "Intervistë-bisedë me shkrim me Kasëm Trebeshinën". Interviewed by Hans-Joachim Lanksch. 20 May 1994.
  17. ^ Gëzim Hajdari (23 May 2013). "An Ode to Exile". Interviewed by Anita Pinzi.
  18. ^ Raymond Detrez (2001). "Albania". In Derek Jones (ed.). Censorship: A World Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 9781136798641.
  19. ^ Alma Mile (26 November 2012). "Dokumentet, veprat e Trebeshinës u akuzuan si amorale: Gjovalin Kola publikon ekspertizën e Lidhjes së Shkrimtarëve. Si u dënua dramaturgu". Panorama.
  20. ^ "Në italisht edhe Promemoria e shkrimtarit dërguar diktatorit". Gazeta shqiptare. 5 April 2012.
  21. ^ "Théâtre: "La forêt" de Kasëm Trebeshina" (in French). 10 September 2011.
  22. ^ Abdullah Zeneli (9 August 2016). "Kur Martin Camaj më propozoi veprën e Trebeshinës". Interviewed by Violeta Murati. Revista Mapo.
  23. ^ "Elsie, Robert, Trebeshina biography". Archived from the original on 2011-12-15. Retrieved 2011-11-04.

Sources[]

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