Kenilworth

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For other uses, see Kenilworth (disambiguation).

Kenilworth
Kenilworth ClockTower SSE.jpg
Clock tower at the junction of The Square, Smalley Place and Abbey End
Kenilworth is located in Warwickshire
Kenilworth
Kenilworth
Location within Warwickshire
Population22,413 (2011 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceSP2971
Civil parish
  • Kenilworth
District
  • Warwick
Shire county
  • Warwickshire
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townKenilworth
Postcode districtCV8
Dialling code01926
PoliceWarwickshire
FireWarwickshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
Websitehttps://www.kenilworthweb.co.uk/
List of places
UK
England
Warwickshire
52°20′28″N 1°33′58″W / 52.341°N 1.566°W / 52.341; -1.566Coordinates: 52°20′28″N 1°33′58″W / 52.341°N 1.566°W / 52.341; -1.566

Kenilworth (/ˈkɛnɪlwərθ/ KEN-il-wərth) is a market town and civil parish in Warwickshire, England, 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Coventry, 5 miles (8 km) north of Warwick and 90 miles (140 km) north-west of London. It lies on Finham Brook, a tributary of the River Sowe, which joins the River Avon 2 miles (3 km) north-east of the town. At the 2011 Census, the population was 22,413.[1] The town is known for the extensive ruins of Kenilworth Castle and Kenilworth Abbey.

History[]

Early history[]

Kenilworth Castle

A settlement existed at Kenilworth by the time of the 1086 Domesday Book, which records it as Chinewrde.[2]

Geoffrey de Clinton (died 1134) initiated the building of an Augustinian priory in 1122,[3] which coincided with his initiation of Kenilworth Castle.[4] The priory was raised to the rank of an abbey in 1450[3] and suppressed with the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 1530s. Thereafter, the abbey grounds next to the castle were made common land in exchange for what Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester used to enlarge the castle. Only a few walls and a storage barn of the original abbey survive.

Abbey Fields

During the Middle Ages, Kenilworth played a significant role in the history of England: Between June and December 1266, as part of the Second Barons' War, Kenilworth Castle underwent a six-month siege, when baronial forces allied to Simon de Montfort, were besieged in the castle by the Royalist forces led by Prince Edward, this is thought to be the longest siege in Medieval English history. Despite numerous efforts at taking the castle, its defences proved impregnable. Whilst the siege was ongoing King Henry III held a Parliament at Kenilworth in August that year, which resulted in the Dictum of Kenilworth; a concillatory document which set out peace terms to end the conflict between the barons and the monarchy. The barons innitially refused to accept, but hunger and disease eventually forced them to surrender, and accept the terms of the Dictum.[5][6]

The parish church of St Nicholas, where Elizabeth I worshipped in 1575 and James I visited in 1616

Elizabeth I visited Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester at Kenilworth Castle several times, the last in 1575. Dudley entertained the Queen with pageants and banquets costing some £1,000 per day that surpassed anything seen in England before.[7][8] These included fireworks.[9]

Near the castle there is a group of thatched cottages called 'Little Virginia': According to local legend they gained this name because the first potatoes brought to England by Sir Walter Raleigh from the New World were planted and grown here in the 16th century. Modern historians however consider this unlikely, and have suggested that the name may have originated from early colonists to America returning to England from Virginia.[10][11]

During the English Civil War, Kenilworth Castle, was occupied by Parliamentarians, after the Royalist garrison was withdrawn. After the end of the war, the castle's defences were slighted on the orders of Parliament in 1649, after which the castle became a ruin.[5][12]

In 1778 Kenilworth windmill was built. Later turned into the town's water tower, it is now a private home, shorn of its sails.[13]

Modern history[]

In 1844 the London and Birmingham Railway opened the Coventry to Leamington Line, including Kenilworth railway station. The L&NWR had a new station built in 1883 and a new link line between Kenilworth and Berkswell in 1884 to bypass Coventry. This closed to all traffic on 3 March 1969.[14] British Rail withdrew passenger services from the Coventry to Leamington Line and closed Kenilworth Station in January 1965 in line with The Reshaping of British Railways report. In May 1977, British Rail reinstated passenger services, but did not reopen Kenilworth station, which became derelict and was eventually demolished. In 2011 Warwick Council granted John Laing plc planning permission to build a new station,[15] which was to open in 2013.[16][17] However, it finally opened in 2018.[18]

The railway in the 19th century brought industrialists from Birmingham and Coventry, to develop the residential area around the town's railway station.[citation needed] In the 19th century the town had some fine large mansions with landscaped gardens; these were demolished after the First World War and Second World War for housing developments. The names of them survive in the names of some roads and areas. For example, Towers Close was built on the grounds of Rouncil Towers. Some large trees from their grounds survive, including giant sequoias from the Moorlands and Rouncil Towers.

Parish church of St John the Evangelist

The town's growth occasioned the addition of a second Church of England parish church, St John's, which is on Warwick Road in Knights Meadow. It was designed by Ewan Christian and built in 1851–1852 as a Gothic Revival building with a south-west bell tower and broach spire.[19]

After 1883, the 1844 station in Warwick Road was partly rebuilt at the far end of Station Road behind the King's Arms and Castle Hotel. Both station and hotel were demolished in 1983, but some railway stonework remains. The old King's Arms exterior was copied and reopened in 2007 as a chain restaurant. It has distinctive pillars on its Warwick Road frontage. Sir Walter Scott stayed in the hotel when working on his novel Kenilworth.[20]

In 1884 the Parish Church of St Nicholas set up a mission room above the Co-Op in Park Road.[21] It attracted a congregation of 150 and in 1885 moved to new premises.[21] In 1905 it moved again to a "tin tabernacle" iron building newly erected in Albion Street and consecrated as Saint Barnabas Mission Church,[21] a daughter church of St Nicholas.

The railway boosted Kenilworth's market gardening.[citation needed] There were reputedly 40 nurseries growing market-garden produce in Kenilworth, but all have now been redeveloped for housing. The last was Guest's Nursery, which was developed as 23 houses in 2002. The Victorian era saw much expansion of the town to the west of Abbey Fields and on land around Warwick Road. Most buildings along Warwick Road date from this period and later, but a few earlier cottages survive.[citation needed] Further east the Woodside Hotel was built in about 1860 and was the home of several notable people.

Most older buildings in Kenilworth are found in Castle Green, New Row and High Street, which has long-established shops. The age of the buildings makes it appear that this is the original settlement, but in fact it is simply the oldest part still in existence. The original settlement along present-day Warwick Road has been redeveloped continually since the 12th century and retains few original buildings. Many houses around Castle Green are built of stone salvaged in the 17th century, when the castle walls were slighted after the English Civil War.[citation needed]

During The Blitz in World War II on the night of 21 November 1940, a German aircraft dropped two parachute mines on Kenilworth, the large explosions in the Abbey End area demolished a number of buildings, killing 25 people, and injuring 70 more. The bomb damaged area of the town was redeveloped in the 1960s.[22][5]

In May 1961, the Kenilworth Society was formed over concerns about a group of 17th-century listed cottages adjacent to Finham Brook in Bridge Street.[23] It sets out to promote awareness of Kenilworth's character and encourage its preservation.

In the early 1980s, the town's name was used by one of the first generation of computer retailers, a company called Kenilworth Computers based near the Clock Tower, for its repackaging of the Nascom microcomputer with the selling point that it was robust enough to be used by agriculture.[24]

Kenilworth was struck by an F0/T1 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide outbreak on that day.[25]

Modern Kenilworth[]

Map of Kenilworth

Modern Kenilworth is a dormitory town for commuters to Coventry and also Birmingham and Leamington Spa. Despite its proximity to the University of Warwick at Gibbet Hill in Coventry, it has only a small university population of mostly postgraduates and staff.

In 2008, Waitrose opened a supermarket in Kenilworth,[26] and hardware chain Robert Dyas opened a new-format store in November 2011. There are plans to renovate the existing public library. The town's old youth centre was demolished in 2007 to make way for a supermarket, and a new one was built. The Cross, a pub-restaurant, received a Michelin star in 2014.[27]

In the centre of Kenilworth stands a Kugel ball water feature, called the Millennium Globe.[28]

Districts within the town include Abbey End, Borrowell, Castle End, Castle Green, Crackley, Knight's Meadow, Ladyes Hill, Park Hill, St Johns, Whitemoor and Windy Arbour.

Transport[]

The A46 bypass opened in June 1974.[29] Both Birmingham Airport and the M6, M42 and M40 motorways are within 10 miles (16 km) of the town.

The new Kenilworth station, reopened in 2018.

There is a regular bus service to Coventry and Leamington Spa railway stations; Warwick Parkway is 11–14 minutes' drive away. In June 2013 the government granted £5 million for the reopening of Kenilworth station, about half the proposed total cost.[30] The station, opened on 30 April 2018, has direct links to Coventry and Leamington Spa.[31] In 2019, West Midlands Trains services from Leamington Spa to Nuneaton commenced calling at the station.[32]

Sport[]

Kenilworth Town FC, located in Gypsy Lane in the south of the town, played in the Midland Combination until June 2011, when it resigned,[33] preferring to spend money on ground improvements rather than fielding a team. It re-entered the English football pyramid in the 2013–14 season and was placed in the Midland Football League Division 3, the 12th highest tier in the English league system. The stay, however, was brief; the first team again resigned shortly afterwards. The Gypsy Lane ground was purchased in 2018 by Coventry Plumbing F.C., which demolished the clubhouse and built a new one, before starting the 2019–20 season there.[34][35]

is based at Kenilworth Wardens, a Community Amateur Sports Club in Glasshouse Lane to the east of the town.[36]

Kenilworth RFC is the town's rugby union club. It fields three senior sides and hosts a large minis, juniors and colts section. The ground is also located in Glasshouse Lane.[37]

Kenilworth Tennis, Squash and Croquet Club, in Crackley Lane, has nine tennis courts, five squash and racketball courts and two croquet lawns.[38]

Kenilworth has two cricket clubs: Kenilworth Wardens in Glasshouse Lane fields five senior teams and a juniors section starting from seven years old;[39] Kenilworth Cricket Club fields three senior teams and plays at the Warwick Road ground.[40]

Kenilworth Runners meets at the Wardens. It caters for runners of all ages and abilities.[41]

Octavian Droobers is the local orienteering club, using maps of Abbey Fields and Kenilworth Common on which to stage events.

Kenilworth Wheelers meets all the year round on Saturday and Sunday morning for a road ride. During the summer months, regular evening training rides cater for all abilities from novice to racer.[42]

Abbey Fields Swimming Pool is in Abbey Fields. It has a 25 m by 10 m indoor pool and an outdoor pool open from May to September. It is home to Kenilworth Swimming Club and Kenilworth Masters Swimming Club.[43]

Kenilworth Golf Club features a mature 18-hole parkland course, plus a small six-hole par 3 course.[44]

Castle Farm Recreation Centre has a four-court badminton hall suitable for basketball, volleyball, netball, table tennis, short mat bowls and children's parties. It is available for use by the public and by sports clubs that make block bookings throughout the year.

Two Castles Run[]

The Two Castles Run began in 1983 as a fun run between Warwick Castle and Kenilworth Castle.[45] It has grown into an English Athletics-licensed run with 3,000 entrants in 2010.[46] In 2010 and 2011 it held the Warwickshire Amateur Athletic Association 10 Kilometre Championship. In 2012 all 4,000 places were sold within 25 hours. The race is organised each June by Kenilworth Rotary Club[47] in conjunction with the Leamington Cycling and Athletic Club.[48][49]

Arts[]

Theatres[]

The Talisman Theatre, founded as Talisman Players in 1942, moved to its current 156-seat premises in Barrow Road in 1969.[50] It won eight NODA awards between 2004 and 2014.[51]

The Priory Theatre, founded in 1932 as the Kenilworth Players, uses the former Unitarian/Christadelphian chapel, a Gothic Revival building[3] dating from 1816, which was converted into a 119-seat theatre building in 1945–1946.[52] It was gutted by fire in 1976, but restored and reopened in September 1978.[52]

Kenilworth Arts Festival[]

The first Kenilworth Festival was held in 1935. After a 70-year interval, it was revived locally in 2005. Between 2005 and 2015, events were held almost every year, with varying success.[53] The company became a social enterprise in 2010.[54] In 2015/16, a new team oversaw a change in direction, with a new name, branding and mission statement, as Kenilworth Arts Festival, its focus being to "celebrate and support high quality, original work within the contemporary arts."

The inaugural Kenilworth Arts Festival, in September 2016, featured singer-songwriters Rachel Sermanni and Luke Jackson, jazz pianist Jason Rebello, BAFTA fellow Andrew Davies, classical duo the Ayoub Sisters, nature-writer Rob Cowen, and poets David Morley, Sarah Howe, Jo Bell and Luke Kennard. The second edition of the festival took place in September 2017, with well-known participants including singer-songwriter John Smith, pianist Gwilym Simcock, nature writer Alys Fowler and novelists Kit de Waal and Sarah Moss.

In 2018, Kenilworth Arts Festival expanded to 10 days, running from 20–29 September. The festival featured over 30 events, with headliners including American musicians S. Carey and Jesca Hoop; pianist Zoe Rahman; nature writer John Lewis-Stempel and novelists Kamila Shamsie, Donal Ryan, Kit de Waal, Fiona Mozley and Kiran Millwood Hargrave. The festival secured funding from Arts Council England.

Kenilworth Arts Festival took place again on 19–28 September 2019.[55]

Politics and government[]

Kenilworth gained a local board of health in 1877, which was converted into an Urban District Council in 1894.[56] Under local government reforms in 1974 Kenilworth Urban District was merged into the new Warwick District along with Warwick and Leamington Spa. Kenilworth was then established as a civil parish with a Town Council.[57]

Since 2010 Kenilworth has been part of the constituency of Kenilworth and Southam, prior to that it was part of Rugby and Kenilworth.

Notable people[]

In order of birth:

  • Henry III of England (1207–1272) commissioned the Dictum of Kenilworth, which was made public on 31 October 1266.[58]
  • Edward II of England (1284–1327) was held prisoner in Kenilworth Castle in 1326–1327.[59]
  • Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (1532 or 1533–1588) lived at Kenilworth Castle.[60]
  • Thomas Underhill (1545–1591) was keeper of the wardrobe at Kenilworth Castle.[citation needed]
  • Thomas Hearne (1744–1817), landscape artist, painted The Priory Gate at Kenilworth in 1784.[61]
  • William Field (1768–1851), Unitarian minister and local historian, served the Old Meeting House at Kenilworth from about 1830 to 1850.[62]
  • Sir Walter Scott's (1771–1832) novel Kenilworth. A Romance appeared anonymously in 1821.[63]
  • Samuel Butler (1774–1839), classical scholar and bishop, became the incumbent of Kenilworth in 1802.[64]
  • John Sumner (1780–1862), Archbishop of Canterbury, was born in Kenilworth.[65]
  • Charles Sumner (1790–1874), religious writer and bishop, was born in Kenilworth.[66]
  • William Gresley (1801–1876), religious writer and cleric, was born in Kenilworth.[67]
  • Samuel Carter MP (1805–1878), inherited property in Kenilworth and is buried in the graveyard of St Nicholas.[68][69]
  • Anna Russell (1807–1876), botanist, lived in Kenilworth.[70]
  • Samuel Hawksley Burbury (1831–1911), mathematician, was born in Kenilworth.[71]
  • Isabel, Lady Burton (née Arundell, 1831–1896), religious writer and wife of the scholar Richard Francis Burton, was born in Kenilworth.[72]
  • George Potter (1832–1893), trade unionist, first president of the Trades Union Congress of England and Wales, was born in Kenilworth.
  • Sir Arthur Sullivan's (1842–1900) long association with vocal music began with a cantata, The Masque at Kenilworth, in 1864.[73]
  • Jack Burns (1859–1927), Scottish champion golfer, was instrumental in creating the Kenilworth course in 1890.[74]
  • Oliver Bodington (1859–1936), Paris-based international lawyer and marriage broker, was baptised in Kenilworth.[75]
  • Edith Emma Cooper (1862–1913) was one half of Michael Field, known as a poet, dramatist and diarist.
  • Edgar Jepson (1863–1938), writer of crime, adventure and fantasy novels, was born in Kenilworth.[76]
  • John Siddeley, Lord Kenilworth (1866–1953), motor and aero engineering pioneer, moved to Crackley Hall, Kenilworth, in 1918.
  • Reginald Lee (1870–1913), surviving crew member of the RMS Titanic, died in Kenilworth.[77]
  • Walter Ritchie (1919–1991), sculptor, lived and worked in Kenilworth.[78]
  • Basil Heatley (born 1933 in Kenilworth) was a marathon runner and Olympic silver medallist.[79]
  • Andrew Davies (born 1936), is novelist and screenwriter who lives in Kenilworth (the 1995 BBC Pride and Prejudice).[80]
  • Julia Slingo (born 1950), climate scientist and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire, was born in Kenilworth.[81]
  • Peter Marlow (1952–2016) was a photojournalist and photographer.
  • Tim Flowers (born 1967 in Kenilworth) is an Association football goalkeeper, notably for Southampton and Blackburn Rovers. He was capped 11 times by England.[82]
  • Rebecca Probert (born 1973), legal historian and expert on marriage law, lives in Kenilworth with her travel-writer husband Liam D'Arcy Brown.[83]
  • Kelvin Langmead (born 1985), professional football player for Kidderminster Harriers, was educated at Kenilworth School.[84]
  • Sarah-Jane Perry (born 1990), professional international squash player, was educated at Kenilworth School.[85]

Twin towns[]

Kenilworth is twinned with:

Kenilworth also has friendship links with:

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Sources[]

External links[]

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