Kilvey Hill transmitting station

Kilvey Hill

Kilvey Hill transmitting station (Swansea)
Tower height	45 metres (148 ft)
Coordinates	51°37′45″N 3°55′13″W / 51.629167°N 3.920278°W / 51.629167; -3.920278Coordinates: 51°37′45″N 3°55′13″W / 51.629167°N 3.920278°W / 51.629167; -3.920278
Grid reference	SS672940
Built	1967
BBC region	BBC Wales
ITV region	ITV Wales

The Kilvey Hill transmitting station was originally built at the summit of Kilvey Hill in Swansea, Wales, by the BBC^[1] in 1967 as a relay for VHF and UHF television. VHF television came on air a few months before the UHF services. As built, the station did not radiate VHF FM radio, this was added later. Currently, the hill's transmitters cater for viewers and listeners in the Swansea and Neath Port Talbot area. The transmission station located on top of Kilvey Hill is owned and operated by Arqiva.

Freeview digital terrestrial TV was already available at low power from this transmitter before the digital switchover process began, with the first stage taking place on Wednesday 12 August 2009. The second stage was completed on Wednesday 9 September 2009, with the transmitter becoming the first in Wales to complete digital switchover. After the switchover process, analogue channels ceased broadcasting permanently and the Freeview power increased from 383 W ERP to 2 kW ERP, a 7 dB power increase.^[2]

Channels listed by frequency[]

Analogue television[]

December 1967 - 17 February 1968[]

Kilvey Hill provided BBC 405-line VHF television to the Neath and Port Talbot area which is strongly shielded by local hills^[3] from the Wenvoe transmitter just to the west of Cardiff. Kilvey Hill was a relay of the Wenvoe transmitter. Despite being sited at Swansea, no effort was made to provide the VHF TV signal to Swansea itself - the town was already deemed to be well served by Wenvoe.

Frequency	VHF	kW	Service
51.75 MHz	2	0.5	BBC1 Wales

17 February 1968 - 28 January 1972[]

A BBC R&D report^[4] details the coming of 625-line UHF television to the Kilvey Hill site. This again was with the station acting as an off-air relay of Wenvoe, which was (at that point) only transmitting BBC 2 (in colour) on 625-lines. This time, the northern parts of Swansea were intended to be covered by the signal as local hills (including Kilvey Hill itself) shielded those parts of the town from the UHF signal from Wenvoe.

Frequency	VHF	UHF	kW	Service
51.75 MHz	2	—	0.5	BBC1 Wales
511.25 MHz	—	26	10	BBC2 Wales

28 January 1972 - 1 November 1982[]

BBC 1 and HTV Wales came on air from Wenvoe in April 1970, but it was nearly two years later^[5] before Kilvey Hill started to relay those channels.

Frequency	VHF	UHF	kW	Service
51.75 MHz	2	—	0.5	BBC1 Wales
487.25 MHz	—	23	10	HTV Wales
511.25 MHz	—	26	10	BBC2 Wales
567.25 MHz	—	33	10	BBC1 Wales

1 November 1982 - Second Quarter 1983[]

Channel 4 launched across the UK in 1982. Kilvey Hill (being in Wales) transmitted the S4C variant.

Frequency	VHF	UHF	kW	Service
51.75 MHz	2	—	0.5	BBC1 Wales
487.25 MHz	—	23	10	HTV Wales
511.25 MHz	—	26	10	BBC2 Wales
535.25 MHz	—	29	10	S4C
567.25 MHz	—	33	10	BBC1 Wales

Second Quarter 1983 - 15 July 1997[]

405 line television was discontinued early,^[6] and from then onwards TV transmissions were on UHF only.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Service
487.25 MHz	23	10	HTV Wales
511.25 MHz	26	10	BBC2 Wales
535.25 MHz	29	10	S4C
567.25 MHz	33	10	BBC1 Wales

15 July 1997 - 15 November 1998[]

During 1997, Channel 5 gained an analogue channel from some transmitters and Kilvey Hill was one of them. The site radiated all five UK terrestrial analogue television services at 10 kW until digital switchover was completed on 9 September 2009.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Service
487.25 MHz	23	10	HTV Wales
511.25 MHz	26	10	BBC Two Wales
535.25 MHz	29	10	S4C
567.25 MHz	33	10	BBC One Wales
583.25 MHz	35	10	Channel 5

Analogue and digital television[]

15 November 1998 - 12 August 2009[]

The initial rollout of digital television in the UK involved radiating the signals at low power in between the existing analogue channels. The apparent use of channels "21" and "22-" for muxes "C" and "2" respectively might look like a mistake, but is confirmed by OFCOM's site.^[7]

Frequency	UHF	kW	Operator	System
474.000 MHz	21	0.1	Arqiva (Mux C)	DVB-T
481.833 MHz	22-	0.6	Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)	DVB-T
487.25 MHz	23	10	ITV Wales (HTV until 2002)	PAL System I
505.833 MHz	25-	0.6	BBC (Mux 1)	DVB-T
511.25 MHz	26	10	BBC Two Wales	PAL System I
529.833 MHz	28-	0.3	SDN (Mux A)	DVB-T
535.25 MHz	29	10	S4C	PAL System I
553.833 MHz	31-	0.1	Arqiva (Mux D)	DVB-T
561.833 MHz	32-	0.6	BBC (Mux B)	DVB-T
567.25 MHz	33	10	BBC One Wales	PAL System I
583.25 MHz	35	10	Channel 5	PAL System I

12 August 2009 - 9 September 2009[]

The UK's digital switchover commenced with Kilvey Hill on 12 August 2009. Analogue BBC Two Wales on channel 26 was first to close, and ITV Wales was moved from channel 23 to channel 26 for its last month of service. With it went Mux 1 from channel 25- to be replaced by the new BBC A mux which started up in 64-QAM and at full power (i.e. 2 kW) on channel 23 which had just been vacated in the shuffle.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Operator	System
474.000 MHz	21	0.1	Arqiva (Mux C)	DVB-T
481.833 MHz	22-	0.6	Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)	DVB-T
490.000 MHz	23	2	BBC A	DVB-T
511.25 MHz	26	10	ITV Wales	PAL System I
529.833 MHz	28-	0.3	SDN (Mux A)	DVB-T
535.25 MHz	29	10	S4C	PAL System I
553.833 MHz	31-	0.1	Arqiva (Mux D)	DVB-T
561.833 MHz	32-	0.6	BBC (Mux B)	DVB-T
567.25 MHz	33	10	BBC One Wales	PAL System I
583.25 MHz	35	10	Channel 5	PAL System I

Digital television[]

9 September 2009 - 17 Jul 2019[]

The remaining analogue TV services were closed down, the digital multiplexes took over their original frequencies (and a few new ones) with a power increase and a move to 64-QAM encoding. The service covers Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, and parts of South Wales including Cowbridge and the Vale of Glamorgan where the Wenvoe Transmitters’ signals are shielded by hills.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Operator
482.000 MHz	22	2	Arqiva A
490.000 MHz	23	2	BBC A
506.000 MHz	25	2	SDN
514.000 MHz	26	2	Digital 3&4
530.000 MHz	28	2	Arqiva B
538.000 MHz	29	2	BBC B

17 Jul 2019 - present[]

Services have moved to different frequencies.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Operator
474.000 MHz	21	2	BBC A
482.000 MHz	22	2	Arqiva A
498.000 MHz	24	2	Digital 3&4
506.000 MHz	25	2	SDN
522.000 MHz	27	2	BBC B
530.000 MHz	28	2	Arqiva B
578.000 MHz	34	2	_local

Analogue radio (VHF FM)[]

30 September 1974 - Early 1980s[]

The first FM radio from the site was Wales' first independent radio station, Swansea Sound.^[8]

Frequency	kW	Service	Description
95.1 MHz	1.0	Swansea Sound	Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s

Early 1980s - 1989[]

Swansea Sound changed frequency to 96.4 MHz as required by a new bandplan for Band II broadcasting which placed BBC stations below 96 MHz and Independent Local Radio stations above that. The band limit was 98 MHz at that point. BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3 and BBC Radio Cymru commenced from the site sometime before 1988 as the BBC's Service Area map of 1988 shows.^[9]

Frequency	kW	Service	Description
89.5 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 2	Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 3	Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio Cymru	Welsh language service
96.4 MHz	1.5	Swansea Sound	Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s

1989 - 30 September 1995[]

The 1988 bandplan for Band II raised the upper limit for broadcasting to 100 MHz and Radio 1 gained its own frequency.

Frequency	kW	Service	Description
89.5 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 2	Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 3	Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio Cymru	Welsh language service
96.4 MHz	1.5	Swansea Sound	Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s
99.1 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 1	New and popular music, news, entertainment and talk

30 September 1995 - 1997[]

Swansea Sound changed its name first to "96.4 Sound Wave" then (quickly) to 96.4 The Wave.

Frequency	kW	Service	Description
89.5 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 2	Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 3	Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio Cymru	Welsh language service
96.4 MHz	1.5	The Wave	Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s
99.1 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 1	New and popular music, news, entertainment and talk

1997 - present[]

Classic FM came on air in 1997, the other new services have joined at various times since then. Radio Cymru has moved to 104.2 MHz with BBC Radio Wales taking over the vacated 93.9 MHz slot.

Frequency	kW	Service	Description
89.5 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 2	Adult contemporary music-led service
91.7 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 3	Classical, jazz, world music and the arts
93.9 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio Wales	A music-led service, with talk and entertainment revolving around Wales
94.6 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 4	Speech, news and current affairs
96.4 MHz	1.5	The Wave	Contemporary and chart music and information station for under 44s
99.1 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio 1	New and popular music, news, entertainment and talk
101.3 MHz	0.5	Classic FM	Classical music
102.1 MHz	1.25	Swansea Bay Radio	Contemporary Hit Radio[10]
104.2 MHz	0.925	BBC Radio Cymru	Welsh language service
106.0 MHz	1	Heart South Wales	Adult contemporary, news, entertainment and sports. Formerly Real Radio
107.3 MHz	1.25	Nation Radio	Rock music

Digital radio (DAB)[]

Frequency	Block	kW	Operator
222.064 MHz	11D	1	Digital One
223.936 MHz	12A	2	Swansea SW Wales
225.648 MHz	12B	4.1	BBC National DAB
229.072 MHz	12D	1.2	MuxCo Mid & West Wales
216.928 MHz	11A	5	SDL National

The digital radio signal covers Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, and parts of South Wales including Cowbridge and the Vale of Glamorgan where the Wenvoe Transmitters’ signals are shielded by hills.

References[]

External links[]

• Kilvey Hill transmitter info
• The Transmission Gallery: Kilvey Hill