Kilwa District

Kilwa District (Swahili language: Wilaya ya Kilwa) is one of the five districts of the Lindi Region of Tanzania. As of the 2012 census, the population was Kilwa district was 190,744,^[1] making it the 2nd most populous district in Lindi region. The district seat (capital) is the town of Kilwa Masoko. The district is named after the medieval Swahili city state of Kilwa Kisiwani.

History[]

The are that is now Kilwa district has been inhabited by humans for thousands of years. The area is the ancestral home to three Bantu people groups, namely the Mwera people and the Matumbi people together with the Machinga people. However, Kilwa district is known globally for its Middle Ages Swahili historical sites on the islands Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara which are part of the seven Tanzanian World Heritage Site.^[2] The Swahili city-state of Kilwa was once the greatest Swahili port city that met an unfortunate end on July 1505 when the Portuguese burned and looted the city. In the 1866 the area of what is now Kilwa district was occupied by Germans who established their headquarters at Kilwa Kivinje and used it as a based to quell the Maji Maji rebellion that was based on the Matumbi Hills north of the Kilwa district.

In 1918 when Tanganyika became a British protectorate, Kilwa Masoko was chosen as it is the district seat and they built a deepwater port to assist with their commercial vessels. To this day Kilwa Masoko remains the capital of Kilwa district.^[3]

Geography[]

Kilwa district is the second largest district in Lindi region. It has a total area of 13.347.50 square kilometers, of which 12,126 square kilometers is land and 1,221.25 square kilometers is water.^[4] Kilwa district is bordered to the north by Rufiji District in Pwani Region, to the east by the Indian Ocean, to the south by the Lindi Rural District together with Ruangwa District, and to the west by the Liwale District. Kilwa district has 5 Islands, with the largest one being Kilwa Kisiwani. The other islands in the Kilwa archipelago are [Kati Island] and Songo Mnara Island. The other two Islands in the district are Songo Songo Island and [[Okuza Island]].

The soil structure of Kilwa district is of low fertility is mostly made of well-drained, low-moisture retaining sedimentary sandstone.^[5] The [[Matandu River]] is the largest river running west to east of Kilwa district. The other rivers found in the district are the and the . There is also a cave system in Kipatimu ward.

Demographics[]

According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Kilwa District was 190,744. of which 91,661 were male and 99,083 were female. Most residents of Kilwa district practice Sunni Islam. In Lindi Region, Kilwa district has the average highest household size of 4.4. As mentioned in the history section of this article Kilwa district is the ancestral home of the Mwera, Matumbi and Machinga people. Most of the population has been Swahilized and speak Swahili as their first language and practice Swahili culture. However, many elderly and people living in rural areas speak their native languages.^[6]

Economy[]

The main economic activity in Kilwa district is subsistence agriculture and fishing using traditional hand tools in small farmsteads and fishing villages. The main crops grown for local consumptions includes, cassava, maize, sorghum and African rice. High yield rice is grown along the Matandu river valley and upland rice is grown in Chumo and Kipatimu wards in northern Kilwa district.^[7] Cash crops grown for export include Sesame from Nanjirinji ward and Oranges and Coconut plantations in the Matumbi hill valleys in Kipatimu ward. Due to Tsetse fly, livestock rearing is restricted on the west part of Kilwa district.

Fishing plays a big role in the economic activities of Kilwa district. 4.5 million tons of fish are harvested annually with over 1700 registered fishermen using 600 vessels in the district.^[8] Songas company has begun extracting the natural gas field underlying the Songo Songo Island in Kilwa with the gas being piped to Dar es Salaam to generate electricity, and continuing efforts to locate hydrocarbon reserves (oil and/or gas) along structural trends around the Songo Songo group at least as far north as the island of Nyuni. The western frontier of the district is part of the Nyerere National Park. this park is home to wildlife such as the Big five game.

Kilwa District

Wards[]

The Kilwa District is administratively divided into 21 wards and two townships:

• Chumo
• Kandawale
• Kinjumbi
• Kikole
• Kiranjeranje
• (Township) formerly Kivinje Singino
• Lihimalyao
• Likawage
• Mandawa
• Kilwa Masoko (Township)
• Miguruwe
• Mingumbi
• Miteja
• Mitole
• Njinjo
• Pande
• Songo songo
• Tingi
• Kibata
• Somanga
• Namayuni

Education & Health[]

As of February 2017, there were 140 Schools in Kilwa district, 113 of are primary schools and 27 are secondary schools.^[9] Intotal there were 52,127 registered primary students and 5,906 registered secondary students.

In Terms of Healthcare facilities, as of 2021 Kilwa district is home to 55 health centers namely; 2 hospitals( including Kilwa District hospital in Kivinje), 48 clinics and 14 clinics currently under construction.^[10]

References[]

Coordinates: 9°00′S 39°00′E / 9.000°S 39.000°E / -9.000; 39.000